631. (a) The right to a trial by jury as declared by Section 16 of
Article I of the California Constitution shall be preserved to the
parties inviolate. In civil cases, a jury may only be waived pursuant
to subdivision (d).
(b) Each party demanding a jury trial shall deposit advance jury
fees with the clerk or judge. The total amount of the advance jury
fees may not exceed one hundred fifty dollars ($150) for each party.
The deposit shall be made at least 25 calendar days before the date
initially set for trial, except that in unlawful detainer actions the
fees shall be deposited at least five days before the date set for
trial.
(c) The parties demanding a jury trial shall deposit with the
clerk or judge, at the beginning of the second and each succeeding
day's session, a sum equal to that day's fees and mileage of the
jury, including the fees and mileage for the trial jury panel if the
trial jury has not yet been selected and sworn. If more than one
party has demanded a jury, the respective amount to be paid daily by
each party demanding a jury shall be determined by stipulation of the
parties or by order of the court.
(d) A party waives trial by jury in any of the following ways:
(1) By failing to appear at the trial.
(2) By written consent filed with the clerk or judge.
(3) By oral consent, in open court, entered in the minutes.
(4) By failing to announce that a jury is required, at the time
the cause is first set for trial, if it is set upon notice or
stipulation, or within five days after notice of setting if it is set
without notice or stipulation.
(5) By failing to deposit with the clerk, or judge, advance jury
fees as provided in subdivision (b).
(6) By failing to deposit with the clerk or judge, at the
beginning of the second and each succeeding day's session, the sum
provided in subdivision (c).
(e) The court may, in its discretion upon just terms, allow a
trial by jury although there may have been a waiver of a trial by
jury.
631.1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the county may
pay jury fees in civil cases from general funds of the county
available therefor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
change the requirements for the deposit of jury fees in any civil
case by the appropriate party to the litigation at the time and in
the manner otherwise provided by law. Nothing in this section shall
preclude the right of the county to be reimbursed by the party to the
litigation liable therefor for any payment of jury fees pursuant to
this section.
631.2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the county
may pay jury fees in civil cases from general funds of the county
available therefor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
change the requirements for the deposit of jury fees in any civil
case by the appropriate party to the litigation at the time and in
the manner otherwise provided by law. Nothing in this section shall
preclude the right of the county to be reimbursed by the party to the
litigation liable therefor for any payment of jury fees pursuant to
this section.
(b) The party who has demanded trial by jury shall reimburse the
county for the fees and mileage of all jurors appearing for voir dire
examination, except those jurors who are excused and subsequently on
the same day are called for voir dire examination in another case.
631.3. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, when a party to
the litigation has deposited jury fees with the judge or clerk and
that party waives a jury or obtains a continuance of the trial, or
the case is settled, none of the deposit shall be refunded if the
court finds there has been insufficient time to notify the jurors
that the trial would not proceed at the time set. If the jury fees so
deposited are not refunded for the reasons herein specified, or if a
refund of jury fees deposited with the judge or clerk has not been
requested, in writing, by the depositing party within 20 business
days from the date on which the jury is waived or the action is
settled, dismissed, or a continuance thereof granted, the fees shall
be transmitted to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court
Trust Fund. All jury fees and mileage fees that may accrue by reason
of a juror serving on more than one case in the same day shall be
transmitted to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court Trust
Fund. All jury fees that were deposited with the court in advance of
trial pursuant to Section 631 prior to January 1, 1999, and which
remain on deposit in cases that were settled, dismissed, or otherwise
disposed of, and three years have passed since the date the case was
settled, dismissed, or otherwise disposed of, shall be transmitted
to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court Trust Fund.
631.5. In all cases of eminent domain the deposits of jury fees and
mileage provided for in section 631 of this code shall be made by
the party seeking condemnation regardless of which party shall have
demanded a jury trial, and the trial shall not proceed until such
deposits are made.
631.7. Ordinarily, unless the court otherwise directs, the trial of
a civil action tried by the court without a jury shall proceed in
the order specified in Section 607.
631.8. (a) After a party has completed his presentation of evidence
in a trial by the court, the other party, without waiving his right
to offer evidence in support of his defense or in rebuttal in the
event the motion is not granted, may move for a judgment. The court
as trier of the facts shall weigh the evidence and may render a
judgment in favor of the moving party, in which case the court shall
make a statement of decision as provided in Sections 632 and 634, or
may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the
evidence. The court may consider all evidence received, provided,
however, that the party against whom the motion for judgment has been
made shall have had an opportunity to present additional evidence to
rebut evidence received during the presentation of evidence deemed
by the presenting party to have been adverse to him, and to
rehabilitate the testimony of a witness whose credibility has been
attacked by the moving party. Such motion may also be made and
granted as to any cross-complaint.
(b) If it appears that the evidence presented supports the
granting of the motion as to some but not all the issues involved in
the action, the court shall grant the motion as to those issues and
the action shall proceed as to the issues remaining. Despite the
granting of such a motion, no final judgment shall be entered prior
to the termination of the action, but the final judgment in such
action shall, in addition to any matters determined in the trial,
award judgment as determined by the motion herein provided for.
(c) If the motion is granted, unless the court in its order for
judgment otherwise specifies, such judgment operates as an
adjudication upon the merits.
632. In superior courts, upon the trial of a question of fact by
the court, written findings of fact and conclusions of law shall not
be required. The court shall issue a statement of decision explaining
the factual and legal basis for its decision as to each of the
principal controverted issues at trial upon the request of any party
appearing at the trial. The request must be made within 10 days after
the court announces a tentative decision unless the trial is
concluded within one calendar day or in less than eight hours over
more than one day in which event the request must be made prior to
the submission of the matter for decision. The request for a
statement of decision shall specify those controverted issues as to
which the party is requesting a statement of decision. After a party
has requested the statement, any party may make proposals as to the
content of the statement of decision.
The statement of decision shall be in writing, unless the parties
appearing at trial agree otherwise; however, when the trial is
concluded within one calendar day or in less than 8 hours over more
than one day, the statement of decision may be made orally on the
record in the presence of the parties.
634. When a statement of decision does not resolve a controverted
issue, or if the statement is ambiguous and the record shows that the
omission or ambiguity was brought to the attention of the trial
court either prior to entry of judgment or in conjunction with a
motion under Section 657 or 663, it shall not be inferred on appeal
or upon a motion under Section 657 or 663 that the trial court
decided in favor of the prevailing party as to those facts or on that
issue.
635. In all cases where the decision of the court has been entered
in its minutes, and when the judge who heard or tried the case is
unavailable, the formal judgment or order conforming to the minutes
may be signed by the presiding judge of the court or by a judge
designated by the presiding judge.
636. On a judgment for the plaintiff upon an issue of law, he may
proceed in the manner prescribed by the first two subdivisions of
Section 585, upon the failure of the defendant to answer. If judgment
be for the defendant upon an issue of law, and the taking of an
account, or the proof of any fact, be necessary to enable the Court
to complete the judgment, a reference may be ordered, as in that
section provided.
631. (a) The right to a trial by jury as declared by Section 16 of
Article I of the California Constitution shall be preserved to the
parties inviolate. In civil cases, a jury may only be waived pursuant
to subdivision (d).
(b) Each party demanding a jury trial shall deposit advance jury
fees with the clerk or judge. The total amount of the advance jury
fees may not exceed one hundred fifty dollars ($150) for each party.
The deposit shall be made at least 25 calendar days before the date
initially set for trial, except that in unlawful detainer actions the
fees shall be deposited at least five days before the date set for
trial.
(c) The parties demanding a jury trial shall deposit with the
clerk or judge, at the beginning of the second and each succeeding
day's session, a sum equal to that day's fees and mileage of the
jury, including the fees and mileage for the trial jury panel if the
trial jury has not yet been selected and sworn. If more than one
party has demanded a jury, the respective amount to be paid daily by
each party demanding a jury shall be determined by stipulation of the
parties or by order of the court.
(d) A party waives trial by jury in any of the following ways:
(1) By failing to appear at the trial.
(2) By written consent filed with the clerk or judge.
(3) By oral consent, in open court, entered in the minutes.
(4) By failing to announce that a jury is required, at the time
the cause is first set for trial, if it is set upon notice or
stipulation, or within five days after notice of setting if it is set
without notice or stipulation.
(5) By failing to deposit with the clerk, or judge, advance jury
fees as provided in subdivision (b).
(6) By failing to deposit with the clerk or judge, at the
beginning of the second and each succeeding day's session, the sum
provided in subdivision (c).
(e) The court may, in its discretion upon just terms, allow a
trial by jury although there may have been a waiver of a trial by
jury.
631.1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the county may
pay jury fees in civil cases from general funds of the county
available therefor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
change the requirements for the deposit of jury fees in any civil
case by the appropriate party to the litigation at the time and in
the manner otherwise provided by law. Nothing in this section shall
preclude the right of the county to be reimbursed by the party to the
litigation liable therefor for any payment of jury fees pursuant to
this section.
631.2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the county
may pay jury fees in civil cases from general funds of the county
available therefor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
change the requirements for the deposit of jury fees in any civil
case by the appropriate party to the litigation at the time and in
the manner otherwise provided by law. Nothing in this section shall
preclude the right of the county to be reimbursed by the party to the
litigation liable therefor for any payment of jury fees pursuant to
this section.
(b) The party who has demanded trial by jury shall reimburse the
county for the fees and mileage of all jurors appearing for voir dire
examination, except those jurors who are excused and subsequently on
the same day are called for voir dire examination in another case.
631.3. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, when a party to
the litigation has deposited jury fees with the judge or clerk and
that party waives a jury or obtains a continuance of the trial, or
the case is settled, none of the deposit shall be refunded if the
court finds there has been insufficient time to notify the jurors
that the trial would not proceed at the time set. If the jury fees so
deposited are not refunded for the reasons herein specified, or if a
refund of jury fees deposited with the judge or clerk has not been
requested, in writing, by the depositing party within 20 business
days from the date on which the jury is waived or the action is
settled, dismissed, or a continuance thereof granted, the fees shall
be transmitted to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court
Trust Fund. All jury fees and mileage fees that may accrue by reason
of a juror serving on more than one case in the same day shall be
transmitted to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court Trust
Fund. All jury fees that were deposited with the court in advance of
trial pursuant to Section 631 prior to January 1, 1999, and which
remain on deposit in cases that were settled, dismissed, or otherwise
disposed of, and three years have passed since the date the case was
settled, dismissed, or otherwise disposed of, shall be transmitted
to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court Trust Fund.
631.5. In all cases of eminent domain the deposits of jury fees and
mileage provided for in section 631 of this code shall be made by
the party seeking condemnation regardless of which party shall have
demanded a jury trial, and the trial shall not proceed until such
deposits are made.
631.7. Ordinarily, unless the court otherwise directs, the trial of
a civil action tried by the court without a jury shall proceed in
the order specified in Section 607.
631.8. (a) After a party has completed his presentation of evidence
in a trial by the court, the other party, without waiving his right
to offer evidence in support of his defense or in rebuttal in the
event the motion is not granted, may move for a judgment. The court
as trier of the facts shall weigh the evidence and may render a
judgment in favor of the moving party, in which case the court shall
make a statement of decision as provided in Sections 632 and 634, or
may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the
evidence. The court may consider all evidence received, provided,
however, that the party against whom the motion for judgment has been
made shall have had an opportunity to present additional evidence to
rebut evidence received during the presentation of evidence deemed
by the presenting party to have been adverse to him, and to
rehabilitate the testimony of a witness whose credibility has been
attacked by the moving party. Such motion may also be made and
granted as to any cross-complaint.
(b) If it appears that the evidence presented supports the
granting of the motion as to some but not all the issues involved in
the action, the court shall grant the motion as to those issues and
the action shall proceed as to the issues remaining. Despite the
granting of such a motion, no final judgment shall be entered prior
to the termination of the action, but the final judgment in such
action shall, in addition to any matters determined in the trial,
award judgment as determined by the motion herein provided for.
(c) If the motion is granted, unless the court in its order for
judgment otherwise specifies, such judgment operates as an
adjudication upon the merits.
632. In superior courts, upon the trial of a question of fact by
the court, written findings of fact and conclusions of law shall not
be required. The court shall issue a statement of decision explaining
the factual and legal basis for its decision as to each of the
principal controverted issues at trial upon the request of any party
appearing at the trial. The request must be made within 10 days after
the court announces a tentative decision unless the trial is
concluded within one calendar day or in less than eight hours over
more than one day in which event the request must be made prior to
the submission of the matter for decision. The request for a
statement of decision shall specify those controverted issues as to
which the party is requesting a statement of decision. After a party
has requested the statement, any party may make proposals as to the
content of the statement of decision.
The statement of decision shall be in writing, unless the parties
appearing at trial agree otherwise; however, when the trial is
concluded within one calendar day or in less than 8 hours over more
than one day, the statement of decision may be made orally on the
record in the presence of the parties.
634. When a statement of decision does not resolve a controverted
issue, or if the statement is ambiguous and the record shows that the
omission or ambiguity was brought to the attention of the trial
court either prior to entry of judgment or in conjunction with a
motion under Section 657 or 663, it shall not be inferred on appeal
or upon a motion under Section 657 or 663 that the trial court
decided in favor of the prevailing party as to those facts or on that
issue.
635. In all cases where the decision of the court has been entered
in its minutes, and when the judge who heard or tried the case is
unavailable, the formal judgment or order conforming to the minutes
may be signed by the presiding judge of the court or by a judge
designated by the presiding judge.
636. On a judgment for the plaintiff upon an issue of law, he may
proceed in the manner prescribed by the first two subdivisions of
Section 585, upon the failure of the defendant to answer. If judgment
be for the defendant upon an issue of law, and the taking of an
account, or the proof of any fact, be necessary to enable the Court
to complete the judgment, a reference may be ordered, as in that
section provided.
631. (a) The right to a trial by jury as declared by Section 16 of
Article I of the California Constitution shall be preserved to the
parties inviolate. In civil cases, a jury may only be waived pursuant
to subdivision (d).
(b) Each party demanding a jury trial shall deposit advance jury
fees with the clerk or judge. The total amount of the advance jury
fees may not exceed one hundred fifty dollars ($150) for each party.
The deposit shall be made at least 25 calendar days before the date
initially set for trial, except that in unlawful detainer actions the
fees shall be deposited at least five days before the date set for
trial.
(c) The parties demanding a jury trial shall deposit with the
clerk or judge, at the beginning of the second and each succeeding
day's session, a sum equal to that day's fees and mileage of the
jury, including the fees and mileage for the trial jury panel if the
trial jury has not yet been selected and sworn. If more than one
party has demanded a jury, the respective amount to be paid daily by
each party demanding a jury shall be determined by stipulation of the
parties or by order of the court.
(d) A party waives trial by jury in any of the following ways:
(1) By failing to appear at the trial.
(2) By written consent filed with the clerk or judge.
(3) By oral consent, in open court, entered in the minutes.
(4) By failing to announce that a jury is required, at the time
the cause is first set for trial, if it is set upon notice or
stipulation, or within five days after notice of setting if it is set
without notice or stipulation.
(5) By failing to deposit with the clerk, or judge, advance jury
fees as provided in subdivision (b).
(6) By failing to deposit with the clerk or judge, at the
beginning of the second and each succeeding day's session, the sum
provided in subdivision (c).
(e) The court may, in its discretion upon just terms, allow a
trial by jury although there may have been a waiver of a trial by
jury.
631.1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the county may
pay jury fees in civil cases from general funds of the county
available therefor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
change the requirements for the deposit of jury fees in any civil
case by the appropriate party to the litigation at the time and in
the manner otherwise provided by law. Nothing in this section shall
preclude the right of the county to be reimbursed by the party to the
litigation liable therefor for any payment of jury fees pursuant to
this section.
631.2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the county
may pay jury fees in civil cases from general funds of the county
available therefor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
change the requirements for the deposit of jury fees in any civil
case by the appropriate party to the litigation at the time and in
the manner otherwise provided by law. Nothing in this section shall
preclude the right of the county to be reimbursed by the party to the
litigation liable therefor for any payment of jury fees pursuant to
this section.
(b) The party who has demanded trial by jury shall reimburse the
county for the fees and mileage of all jurors appearing for voir dire
examination, except those jurors who are excused and subsequently on
the same day are called for voir dire examination in another case.
631.3. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, when a party to
the litigation has deposited jury fees with the judge or clerk and
that party waives a jury or obtains a continuance of the trial, or
the case is settled, none of the deposit shall be refunded if the
court finds there has been insufficient time to notify the jurors
that the trial would not proceed at the time set. If the jury fees so
deposited are not refunded for the reasons herein specified, or if a
refund of jury fees deposited with the judge or clerk has not been
requested, in writing, by the depositing party within 20 business
days from the date on which the jury is waived or the action is
settled, dismissed, or a continuance thereof granted, the fees shall
be transmitted to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court
Trust Fund. All jury fees and mileage fees that may accrue by reason
of a juror serving on more than one case in the same day shall be
transmitted to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court Trust
Fund. All jury fees that were deposited with the court in advance of
trial pursuant to Section 631 prior to January 1, 1999, and which
remain on deposit in cases that were settled, dismissed, or otherwise
disposed of, and three years have passed since the date the case was
settled, dismissed, or otherwise disposed of, shall be transmitted
to the Controller for deposit into the Trial Court Trust Fund.
631.5. In all cases of eminent domain the deposits of jury fees and
mileage provided for in section 631 of this code shall be made by
the party seeking condemnation regardless of which party shall have
demanded a jury trial, and the trial shall not proceed until such
deposits are made.
631.7. Ordinarily, unless the court otherwise directs, the trial of
a civil action tried by the court without a jury shall proceed in
the order specified in Section 607.
631.8. (a) After a party has completed his presentation of evidence
in a trial by the court, the other party, without waiving his right
to offer evidence in support of his defense or in rebuttal in the
event the motion is not granted, may move for a judgment. The court
as trier of the facts shall weigh the evidence and may render a
judgment in favor of the moving party, in which case the court shall
make a statement of decision as provided in Sections 632 and 634, or
may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the
evidence. The court may consider all evidence received, provided,
however, that the party against whom the motion for judgment has been
made shall have had an opportunity to present additional evidence to
rebut evidence received during the presentation of evidence deemed
by the presenting party to have been adverse to him, and to
rehabilitate the testimony of a witness whose credibility has been
attacked by the moving party. Such motion may also be made and
granted as to any cross-complaint.
(b) If it appears that the evidence presented supports the
granting of the motion as to some but not all the issues involved in
the action, the court shall grant the motion as to those issues and
the action shall proceed as to the issues remaining. Despite the
granting of such a motion, no final judgment shall be entered prior
to the termination of the action, but the final judgment in such
action shall, in addition to any matters determined in the trial,
award judgment as determined by the motion herein provided for.
(c) If the motion is granted, unless the court in its order for
judgment otherwise specifies, such judgment operates as an
adjudication upon the merits.
632. In superior courts, upon the trial of a question of fact by
the court, written findings of fact and conclusions of law shall not
be required. The court shall issue a statement of decision explaining
the factual and legal basis for its decision as to each of the
principal controverted issues at trial upon the request of any party
appearing at the trial. The request must be made within 10 days after
the court announces a tentative decision unless the trial is
concluded within one calendar day or in less than eight hours over
more than one day in which event the request must be made prior to
the submission of the matter for decision. The request for a
statement of decision shall specify those controverted issues as to
which the party is requesting a statement of decision. After a party
has requested the statement, any party may make proposals as to the
content of the statement of decision.
The statement of decision shall be in writing, unless the parties
appearing at trial agree otherwise; however, when the trial is
concluded within one calendar day or in less than 8 hours over more
than one day, the statement of decision may be made orally on the
record in the presence of the parties.
634. When a statement of decision does not resolve a controverted
issue, or if the statement is ambiguous and the record shows that the
omission or ambiguity was brought to the attention of the trial
court either prior to entry of judgment or in conjunction with a
motion under Section 657 or 663, it shall not be inferred on appeal
or upon a motion under Section 657 or 663 that the trial court
decided in favor of the prevailing party as to those facts or on that
issue.
635. In all cases where the decision of the court has been entered
in its minutes, and when the judge who heard or tried the case is
unavailable, the formal judgment or order conforming to the minutes
may be signed by the presiding judge of the court or by a judge
designated by the presiding judge.
636. On a judgment for the plaintiff upon an issue of law, he may
proceed in the manner prescribed by the first two subdivisions of
Section 585, upon the failure of the defendant to answer. If judgment
be for the defendant upon an issue of law, and the taking of an
account, or the proof of any fact, be necessary to enable the Court
to complete the judgment, a reference may be ordered, as in that
section provided.
