SECTIONS 22100-22113

22100.  Except as provided in Section 22100.5 or 22101, the driverof any vehicle intending to turn upon a highway shall do so asfollows: (a) Right Turns. Both the approach for a right-hand turn and aright-hand turn shall be made as close as practicable to theright-hand curb or edge of the roadway except: (1) Upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving inone direction that terminates at an intersecting highwayaccommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle inthe middle lane may turn right into any lane lawfully available totraffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered. (2) If a right-hand turn is made from a one-way highway at anintersection, a driver shall approach the turn as provided in thissubdivision and shall complete the turn in any lane lawfullyavailable to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway beingentered. (3) Upon a highway having an additional lane or lanes marked for aright turn by appropriate signs or markings, the driver of a vehiclemay turn right from any lane designated and marked for that turningmovement. (b) Left Turns. The approach for a left turn shall be made asclose as practicable to the left-hand edge of the extreme left-handlane or portion of the roadway lawfully available to traffic movingin the direction of travel of the vehicle and, when turning at anintersection, the left turn shall not be made before entering theintersection. After entering the intersection, the left turn shall bemade so as to leave the intersection in a lane lawfully available totraffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered,except that upon a highway having three marked lanes for trafficmoving in one direction that terminates at an intersecting highwayaccommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle inthe middle lane may turn left into any lane lawfully available totraffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered.22100.5.  No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersectioncontrolled by official traffic signals except as provided in Section21451, and then only from the far lefthand lane that is lawfullyavailable to traffic moving in the direction of travel from which theturn is commenced. No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersectioncontrolled by official traffic control devices except from the farlefthand lane that is lawfully available to traffic moving in thedirection of travel from which the turn is commenced.22101.  (a) The Department of Transportation or local authorities inrespect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may causeofficial traffic control devices to be placed or erected within oradjacent to intersections to regulate or prohibit turning movementsat such intersections. (b) When turning movements are required at an intersection noticeof such requirement shall be given by erection of a sign, unless anadditional clearly marked traffic lane is provided for the approachto the turning movement, in which event notice as applicable to suchadditional traffic lane shall be given by any official trafficcontrol device. (c) When right- or left-hand turns are prohibited at anintersection notice of such prohibition shall be given by erection ofa sign. (d) When official traffic control devices are placed as requiredin subdivisions (b) or (c), it shall be unlawful for any driver of avehicle to disobey the directions of such official traffic controldevices.22102.  No person in a business district shall make a U-turn, exceptat an intersection, or on a divided highway where an opening hasbeen provided in accordance with Section 21651. This turning movementshall be made as close as practicable to the extreme left-hand edgeof the lanes moving in the driver's direction of travel immediatelyprior to the initiation of the turning movement, when more than onelane in the direction of travel is present.22103.  No person in a residence district shall make a U-turn whenany other vehicle is approaching from either direction within 200feet, except at an intersection when the approaching vehicle iscontrolled by an official traffic control device.22104.  No person shall make a U-turn in front of the drivewayentrance or approaches to a fire station. No person shall use thedriveway entrance or approaches to a fire station for the purpose ofturning a vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction.22105.  No person shall make a U-turn upon any highway where thedriver of such vehicle does not have an unobstructed view for 200feet in both directions along the highway and of any traffic thereon.22106.  No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parkedon a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway untilsuch movement can be made with reasonable safety.22107.  No person shall turn a vehicle from a direct course or moveright or left upon a roadway until such movement can be made withreasonable safety and then only after the giving of an appropriatesignal in the manner provided in this chapter in the event any othervehicle may be affected by the movement.22108.  Any signal of intention to turn right or left shall be givencontinuously during the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle beforeturning.22109.  No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of avehicle on a highway without first giving an appropriate signal inthe manner provided in this chapter to the driver of any vehicleimmediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give the signal.22110.  (a) The signals required by this chapter shall be given bysignal lamp, unless a vehicle is not required to be and is notequipped with turn signals. Drivers of vehicles not required to beand not equipped with turn signals shall give a hand and arm signalwhen required by this chapter. (b) In the event the signal lamps become inoperable while driving,hand and arm signals shall be used in the manner required in thischapter.22111.  All required signals given by hand and arm shall be givenfrom the left side of a vehicle in the following manner: (a) Left turn--hand and arm extended horizontally beyond the sideof the vehicle. (b) Right turn--hand and arm extended upward beyond the side ofthe vehicle, except that a bicyclist may extend the right hand andarm horizontally to the right side of the bicycle. (c) Stop or sudden decrease of speed signal--hand and arm extendeddownward beyond the side of the vehicle.22112.  (a) On approach to a schoolbus stop where pupils are loadingor unloading from a schoolbus, the schoolbus driver shall activatean approved amber warning light system, if the schoolbus is soequipped, beginning 200 feet before the schoolbus stop. The schoolbusdriver shall deactivate the amber warning light system afterreaching the schoolbus stop. The schoolbus driver shall operate theflashing red light signal system and stop signal arm, as required onthe schoolbus, at all times when the schoolbus is stopped for thepurpose of loading or unloading pupils. The flashing red light signalsystem, amber warning lights system, and stop signal arm shall notbe operated at any place where traffic is controlled by a trafficofficer or at any location identified in subdivision (e) of thissection. The schoolbus flashing red light signal system, amberwarning lights system, and stop signal arm shall not be operated atany other time. (b) The schoolbus driver shall stop to load or unload pupils onlyat a schoolbus stop designated for pupils by the school districtsuperintendent or authorized by the superintendent for schoolactivity trips. (c) When a schoolbus is stopped on a highway or private road forthe purpose of loading or unloading pupils, at a location wheretraffic is not controlled by a traffic officer, the driver shall,before opening the door, ensure that the flashing red light signalsystem and stop signal arm are activated, and that it is safe toenter or exit the schoolbus. (d) When a schoolbus is stopped on a highway or private road forthe purpose of loading or unloading pupils, at a location wheretraffic is not controlled by a traffic officer or official trafficcontrol signal, the schoolbus driver shall do all of the following: (1) Escort all pupils in prekindergarten, kindergarten, or any ofgrades 1 to 8, inclusive, who need to cross the highway or privateroad upon which the schoolbus is stopped. The driver shall use anapproved hand-held "STOP" sign while escorting all pupils. (2) Require all pupils who need to cross the highway or privateroad upon which the schoolbus is stopped to walk in front of the busas they cross. (3) Ensure that all pupils who need to cross the highway orprivate road upon which the schoolbus is stopped have crossed safely,and that all other pupils and pedestrians are a safe distance fromthe schoolbus before setting the schoolbus in motion. (e) Except at a location where pupils are loading or unloadingfrom a schoolbus and must cross a highway or private road upon whichthe schoolbus is stopped, the schoolbus driver may not activate theamber warning light system, the flashing red light signal system andstop signal arm at any of the following locations: (1) Schoolbus loading zones on or adjacent to school grounds orduring an activity trip, if the schoolbus is lawfully stopped orparked. (2) Where the schoolbus is disabled due to mechanical breakdown.The driver of a relief bus that arrives at the scene to transportpupils from the disabled schoolbus shall not activate the amberwarning light system, the flashing red light system, and stop signalarm. (3) Where a pupil requires physical assistance from the driver orauthorized attendant to board or leave the schoolbus and providingthe assistance extends the length of time the schoolbus is stoppedbeyond the time required to load or unload a pupil that does notrequire physical assistance. (4) Where the roadway surface on which the bus is stopped ispartially or completely covered by snow or ice and requiring trafficto stop would pose a safety hazard as determined by the schoolbusmotor carrier. (5) On a state highway with a posted speed limit of 55 miles perhour or higher where the schoolbus is completely off the maintraveled portion of the highway. (6) Any location determined by a school district, with theapproval of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, topresent a traffic or safety hazard. (f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive, theDepartment of the California Highway Patrol may require theactivation of an approved flashing amber warning light system, if theschoolbus is so equipped, or the flashing red light signal systemand stop signal arm, as required on the schoolbus, at any locationwhere the department determines that the activation is necessary forthe safety of school pupils loading or unloading from a schoolbus.22113.  This chapter does not prevent local authorities, byordinance, from prohibiting the making of any turning movement by anyvehicle at any intersection or between any designated intersections.