(a) No vehicle or combination of vehicles equipped with pneumatic tires shall be operated upon the highways of this state where the total gross weight on any group of two or more consecutive axles of any vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds that given in the following axle weight limits table for the distance between the centers of the first and last axles of any group of two or more consecutive axles under consideration. Unless otherwise noted, the distance between axles must be measured longitudinally to the nearest even foot, and when the measurement is a fraction of exactly one-half foot the next largest whole number in feet shall be used, except that when the distance between axles is more than three feet four inches and less than three feet six inches the distance of four feet shall be used.
Axle Weight Limits
Maximum gross weight in pounds on a group of
2
3
4
Distances in feet between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of a group
consecutive axles of a 2-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 2 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 3-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 3 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 4-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 4 or more axles
4
34,000
5
34,000
6
34,000
7
34,000
34,000
8
34,000
34,000
8 plus
34,000
42,000
(38,000)
9
35,000
43,000
(39,000)
10
36,000
43,500
49,000
(40,000)
11
36,000
44,500
49,500
12
45,000
50,000
13
46,000
51,000
14
46,500
51,500
15
47,500
52,000
16
48,000
53,000
17
49,000
53,500
18
49,500
54,000
19
50,500
55,000
20
51,000
55,500
21
52,000
56,000
22
52,500
57,000
23
53,500
57,500
24
54,000
58,000
25
(55,000)
59,000
26
(55,500)
59,500
27
(56,500)
60,000
28
(57,000)
61,000
29
(58,000)
61,500
30
(58,500)
62,000
31
(59,500)
63,000
32
(60,000)
63,500
33
64,000
34
65,000
35
65,500
36
66,000
37
67,000
38
67,500
39
68,000
40
69,000
41
69,500
42
70,000
43
71,000
44
71,500
45
72,000
46
72,500
47
(73,500)
48
(74,000)
49
(74,500)
50
(75,500)
51
(76,000)
52
(76,500)
53
(77,500)
54
(78,000)
55
(78,500)
56
(79,500)
57
(80,000)
(b) The maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is seven feet or eight feet, is 34,000 pounds, except for vehicles manufactured before August 1, 1991. Notwithstanding any lesser weight shown in the axle weight limits table, for vehicles manufactured before August 1, 1991:
(1) the maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is seven feet, is 37,000 pounds; and
(2) the maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is eight feet, is 38,500 pounds.
(c) "8 plus" refers to any distance greater than eight feet but less than nine feet.
Axle Weight Limits (continued)
Maximum gross weight in pounds on a group of
5
6
7
8
Distances in feet between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of a group
consecutive axles of a 5-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 5 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 6-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 6 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 7-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 7 or more axles
consecutive axles of an 8-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 8 or more axles
14
57,000
15
57,500
16
58,000
17
59,000
18
59,500
19
60,000
20
60,500
66,000
72,000
21
61,500
67,000
72,500
22
62,000
67,500
73,000
23
62,500
68,000
73,500
24
63,000
68,500
74,000
25
64,000
69,000
75,000
26
64,500
70,000
75,500
27
65,000
70,500
76,000
28
65,500
71,000
76,500
29
66,500
71,500
77,000
30
67,000
72,000
77,500
31
67,500
73,000
78,500
32
68,000
73,500
79,000
33
69,000
74,000
79,500
34
69,500
74,500
80,000
35
70,000
75,000
(80,500)
(86,000)
36
70,500
76,000
(81,000)
(86,500)
37
71,500
76,500
(81,500)
(87,000)
38
72,000
77,000
(82,000)
(87,500)
39
72,500
77,500
(82,500)
(88,500)
40
73,000
78,000
(83,500)
(89,000)
41
74,000
79,000
(84,000)
(89,500)
42
74,500
79,500
(84,500)
(90,000)
43
75,000
80,000
(85,000)
(90,500)
44
75,500
(80,500)
(85,500)
(91,000)
45
76,500
(81,000)
(86,000)
(91,500)
46
77,000
(81,500)
(87,000)
(92,500)
47
77,500
(82,000)
(87,500)
(93,000)
48
78,000
(83,000)
(88,000)
(93,500)
49
79,000
(83,500)
(88,500)
(94,000)
50
79,500
(84,000)
(89,000)
(94,500)
51
80,000
(84,500)
(89,500)
(95,000)
52
(80,500)
(85,000)
(90,500)
(95,500)
53
(81,000)
(86,000)
(91,000)
(96,500)
54
(81,500)
(86,500)
(91,500)
(97,000)
55
(82,500)
(87,000)
(92,000)
(97,500)
56
(83,000)
(87,500)
(92,500)
(98,000)
57
(83,500)
(88,000)
(93,000)
(98,500)
58
(84,000)
(89,000)
(94,000)
(99,000)
59
(85,000)
(89,500)
(94,500)
(99,500)
60
(85,500)
(90,000)
(95,000)
(100,500)
61
(95,500)
(101,000)
62
(96,000)
(101,500)
63
(96,500)
(102,000)
64
(97,000)
(102,500)
65
(103,000)
66
(103,500)
67
(104,500)
68
(105,000)
69
(105,500)
70
(106,000)
71
(106,500)
72
(107,000)
73
(107,500)
74
(108,000)
(d) The gross weights shown without parentheses in the axle weight limits table are allowed on unpaved streets and highways, unless posted to a lesser weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1. The gross weights shown in this table, whether within or without parentheses, are allowed on paved streets and highways, unless posted to a lesser weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1. Gross weights in excess of 80,000 pounds require an overweight permit under this chapter, unless otherwise allowed under section 169.826.
(e) Notwithstanding any lesser weight shown in the axle weight limits table, but subject to the restrictions on gross vehicle weights in subdivision 2, paragraph (a), two consecutive sets of tandem axles may carry a gross load of 34,000 pounds each and a combined gross load of 68,000 pounds provided the overall distance between the first and last axles of the consecutive sets of tandem axles is 36 feet or more.
Subd. 2.Gross vehicle weight of all axles; credit for idle reduction technology.
(a) The gross vehicle weight of all axles of a vehicle or combination of vehicles must not exceed:
(1) 80,000 pounds for any vehicle or combination of vehicles on all streets and highways, unless posted at a lower axle weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1; and
(2) 88,000 pounds for any vehicle or combination of vehicles with six or more axles while exclusively engaged in hauling livestock on all state trunk highways other than interstate highways, if the vehicle has a permit under section 169.86, subdivision 5, paragraph (j).
(b) Notwithstanding the maximum weight provisions of this section, and in order to promote the reduction of fuel use and emissions, the maximum gross vehicle weight limits and the axle weight limits for any motor vehicle subject to sections 169.80 to 169.88 and equipped with idle reduction technology or emissions-reduction technology must be increased by the amount of weight necessary to compensate for the weight of the idle reduction technology or emissions-reduction technology, not to exceed 400 pounds. At the request of an authorized representative of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Public Safety, the vehicle operator shall provide proof that the vehicle is equipped with this technology through documentation or demonstration.
History:
1981 c 321 s 4; 1982 c 424 s 42; 1982 c 617 s 11-13; 1983 c 198 s 9; 1986 c 398 art 13 s 6-9; 1986 c 452 s 20; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 4 s 13; 1991 c 112 s 4; 1991 c 333 s 18,19; 1992 c 578 s 7-10; 1994 c 635 art 1 s 16; 1998 c 372 art 1 s 8; 2000 c 433 s 1; 2001 c 156 s 1; 2001 c 213 s 10; 2002 c 364 s 13; 1Sp2005 c 1 art 4 s 36; 2008 c 287 art 1 s 54; 2009 c 64 s 6; 2010 c 320 art 1 s 4,5
(a) No vehicle or combination of vehicles equipped with pneumatic tires shall be operated upon the highways of this state where the total gross weight on any group of two or more consecutive axles of any vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds that given in the following axle weight limits table for the distance between the centers of the first and last axles of any group of two or more consecutive axles under consideration. Unless otherwise noted, the distance between axles must be measured longitudinally to the nearest even foot, and when the measurement is a fraction of exactly one-half foot the next largest whole number in feet shall be used, except that when the distance between axles is more than three feet four inches and less than three feet six inches the distance of four feet shall be used.
Axle Weight Limits
Maximum gross weight in pounds on a group of
2
3
4
Distances in feet between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of a group
consecutive axles of a 2-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 2 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 3-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 3 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 4-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 4 or more axles
4
34,000
5
34,000
6
34,000
7
34,000
34,000
8
34,000
34,000
8 plus
34,000
42,000
(38,000)
9
35,000
43,000
(39,000)
10
36,000
43,500
49,000
(40,000)
11
36,000
44,500
49,500
12
45,000
50,000
13
46,000
51,000
14
46,500
51,500
15
47,500
52,000
16
48,000
53,000
17
49,000
53,500
18
49,500
54,000
19
50,500
55,000
20
51,000
55,500
21
52,000
56,000
22
52,500
57,000
23
53,500
57,500
24
54,000
58,000
25
(55,000)
59,000
26
(55,500)
59,500
27
(56,500)
60,000
28
(57,000)
61,000
29
(58,000)
61,500
30
(58,500)
62,000
31
(59,500)
63,000
32
(60,000)
63,500
33
64,000
34
65,000
35
65,500
36
66,000
37
67,000
38
67,500
39
68,000
40
69,000
41
69,500
42
70,000
43
71,000
44
71,500
45
72,000
46
72,500
47
(73,500)
48
(74,000)
49
(74,500)
50
(75,500)
51
(76,000)
52
(76,500)
53
(77,500)
54
(78,000)
55
(78,500)
56
(79,500)
57
(80,000)
(b) The maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is seven feet or eight feet, is 34,000 pounds, except for vehicles manufactured before August 1, 1991. Notwithstanding any lesser weight shown in the axle weight limits table, for vehicles manufactured before August 1, 1991:
(1) the maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is seven feet, is 37,000 pounds; and
(2) the maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is eight feet, is 38,500 pounds.
(c) "8 plus" refers to any distance greater than eight feet but less than nine feet.
Axle Weight Limits (continued)
Maximum gross weight in pounds on a group of
5
6
7
8
Distances in feet between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of a group
consecutive axles of a 5-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 5 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 6-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 6 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 7-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 7 or more axles
consecutive axles of an 8-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 8 or more axles
14
57,000
15
57,500
16
58,000
17
59,000
18
59,500
19
60,000
20
60,500
66,000
72,000
21
61,500
67,000
72,500
22
62,000
67,500
73,000
23
62,500
68,000
73,500
24
63,000
68,500
74,000
25
64,000
69,000
75,000
26
64,500
70,000
75,500
27
65,000
70,500
76,000
28
65,500
71,000
76,500
29
66,500
71,500
77,000
30
67,000
72,000
77,500
31
67,500
73,000
78,500
32
68,000
73,500
79,000
33
69,000
74,000
79,500
34
69,500
74,500
80,000
35
70,000
75,000
(80,500)
(86,000)
36
70,500
76,000
(81,000)
(86,500)
37
71,500
76,500
(81,500)
(87,000)
38
72,000
77,000
(82,000)
(87,500)
39
72,500
77,500
(82,500)
(88,500)
40
73,000
78,000
(83,500)
(89,000)
41
74,000
79,000
(84,000)
(89,500)
42
74,500
79,500
(84,500)
(90,000)
43
75,000
80,000
(85,000)
(90,500)
44
75,500
(80,500)
(85,500)
(91,000)
45
76,500
(81,000)
(86,000)
(91,500)
46
77,000
(81,500)
(87,000)
(92,500)
47
77,500
(82,000)
(87,500)
(93,000)
48
78,000
(83,000)
(88,000)
(93,500)
49
79,000
(83,500)
(88,500)
(94,000)
50
79,500
(84,000)
(89,000)
(94,500)
51
80,000
(84,500)
(89,500)
(95,000)
52
(80,500)
(85,000)
(90,500)
(95,500)
53
(81,000)
(86,000)
(91,000)
(96,500)
54
(81,500)
(86,500)
(91,500)
(97,000)
55
(82,500)
(87,000)
(92,000)
(97,500)
56
(83,000)
(87,500)
(92,500)
(98,000)
57
(83,500)
(88,000)
(93,000)
(98,500)
58
(84,000)
(89,000)
(94,000)
(99,000)
59
(85,000)
(89,500)
(94,500)
(99,500)
60
(85,500)
(90,000)
(95,000)
(100,500)
61
(95,500)
(101,000)
62
(96,000)
(101,500)
63
(96,500)
(102,000)
64
(97,000)
(102,500)
65
(103,000)
66
(103,500)
67
(104,500)
68
(105,000)
69
(105,500)
70
(106,000)
71
(106,500)
72
(107,000)
73
(107,500)
74
(108,000)
(d) The gross weights shown without parentheses in the axle weight limits table are allowed on unpaved streets and highways, unless posted to a lesser weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1. The gross weights shown in this table, whether within or without parentheses, are allowed on paved streets and highways, unless posted to a lesser weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1. Gross weights in excess of 80,000 pounds require an overweight permit under this chapter, unless otherwise allowed under section 169.826.
(e) Notwithstanding any lesser weight shown in the axle weight limits table, but subject to the restrictions on gross vehicle weights in subdivision 2, paragraph (a), two consecutive sets of tandem axles may carry a gross load of 34,000 pounds each and a combined gross load of 68,000 pounds provided the overall distance between the first and last axles of the consecutive sets of tandem axles is 36 feet or more.
Subd. 2.Gross vehicle weight of all axles; credit for idle reduction technology.
(a) The gross vehicle weight of all axles of a vehicle or combination of vehicles must not exceed:
(1) 80,000 pounds for any vehicle or combination of vehicles on all streets and highways, unless posted at a lower axle weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1; and
(2) 88,000 pounds for any vehicle or combination of vehicles with six or more axles while exclusively engaged in hauling livestock on all state trunk highways other than interstate highways, if the vehicle has a permit under section 169.86, subdivision 5, paragraph (j).
(b) Notwithstanding the maximum weight provisions of this section, and in order to promote the reduction of fuel use and emissions, the maximum gross vehicle weight limits and the axle weight limits for any motor vehicle subject to sections 169.80 to 169.88 and equipped with idle reduction technology or emissions-reduction technology must be increased by the amount of weight necessary to compensate for the weight of the idle reduction technology or emissions-reduction technology, not to exceed 400 pounds. At the request of an authorized representative of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Public Safety, the vehicle operator shall provide proof that the vehicle is equipped with this technology through documentation or demonstration.
History:
1981 c 321 s 4; 1982 c 424 s 42; 1982 c 617 s 11-13; 1983 c 198 s 9; 1986 c 398 art 13 s 6-9; 1986 c 452 s 20; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 4 s 13; 1991 c 112 s 4; 1991 c 333 s 18,19; 1992 c 578 s 7-10; 1994 c 635 art 1 s 16; 1998 c 372 art 1 s 8; 2000 c 433 s 1; 2001 c 156 s 1; 2001 c 213 s 10; 2002 c 364 s 13; 1Sp2005 c 1 art 4 s 36; 2008 c 287 art 1 s 54; 2009 c 64 s 6; 2010 c 320 art 1 s 4,5
(a) No vehicle or combination of vehicles equipped with pneumatic tires shall be operated upon the highways of this state where the total gross weight on any group of two or more consecutive axles of any vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds that given in the following axle weight limits table for the distance between the centers of the first and last axles of any group of two or more consecutive axles under consideration. Unless otherwise noted, the distance between axles must be measured longitudinally to the nearest even foot, and when the measurement is a fraction of exactly one-half foot the next largest whole number in feet shall be used, except that when the distance between axles is more than three feet four inches and less than three feet six inches the distance of four feet shall be used.
Axle Weight Limits
Maximum gross weight in pounds on a group of
2
3
4
Distances in feet between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of a group
consecutive axles of a 2-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 2 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 3-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 3 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 4-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 4 or more axles
4
34,000
5
34,000
6
34,000
7
34,000
34,000
8
34,000
34,000
8 plus
34,000
42,000
(38,000)
9
35,000
43,000
(39,000)
10
36,000
43,500
49,000
(40,000)
11
36,000
44,500
49,500
12
45,000
50,000
13
46,000
51,000
14
46,500
51,500
15
47,500
52,000
16
48,000
53,000
17
49,000
53,500
18
49,500
54,000
19
50,500
55,000
20
51,000
55,500
21
52,000
56,000
22
52,500
57,000
23
53,500
57,500
24
54,000
58,000
25
(55,000)
59,000
26
(55,500)
59,500
27
(56,500)
60,000
28
(57,000)
61,000
29
(58,000)
61,500
30
(58,500)
62,000
31
(59,500)
63,000
32
(60,000)
63,500
33
64,000
34
65,000
35
65,500
36
66,000
37
67,000
38
67,500
39
68,000
40
69,000
41
69,500
42
70,000
43
71,000
44
71,500
45
72,000
46
72,500
47
(73,500)
48
(74,000)
49
(74,500)
50
(75,500)
51
(76,000)
52
(76,500)
53
(77,500)
54
(78,000)
55
(78,500)
56
(79,500)
57
(80,000)
(b) The maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is seven feet or eight feet, is 34,000 pounds, except for vehicles manufactured before August 1, 1991. Notwithstanding any lesser weight shown in the axle weight limits table, for vehicles manufactured before August 1, 1991:
(1) the maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is seven feet, is 37,000 pounds; and
(2) the maximum gross weight on a group of three consecutive axles, where the distance between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of any axle group is eight feet, is 38,500 pounds.
(c) "8 plus" refers to any distance greater than eight feet but less than nine feet.
Axle Weight Limits (continued)
Maximum gross weight in pounds on a group of
5
6
7
8
Distances in feet between centers of foremost and rearmost axles of a group
consecutive axles of a 5-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 5 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 6-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 6 or more axles
consecutive axles of a 7-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 7 or more axles
consecutive axles of an 8-axle vehicle or any combination of vehicles having a total of 8 or more axles
14
57,000
15
57,500
16
58,000
17
59,000
18
59,500
19
60,000
20
60,500
66,000
72,000
21
61,500
67,000
72,500
22
62,000
67,500
73,000
23
62,500
68,000
73,500
24
63,000
68,500
74,000
25
64,000
69,000
75,000
26
64,500
70,000
75,500
27
65,000
70,500
76,000
28
65,500
71,000
76,500
29
66,500
71,500
77,000
30
67,000
72,000
77,500
31
67,500
73,000
78,500
32
68,000
73,500
79,000
33
69,000
74,000
79,500
34
69,500
74,500
80,000
35
70,000
75,000
(80,500)
(86,000)
36
70,500
76,000
(81,000)
(86,500)
37
71,500
76,500
(81,500)
(87,000)
38
72,000
77,000
(82,000)
(87,500)
39
72,500
77,500
(82,500)
(88,500)
40
73,000
78,000
(83,500)
(89,000)
41
74,000
79,000
(84,000)
(89,500)
42
74,500
79,500
(84,500)
(90,000)
43
75,000
80,000
(85,000)
(90,500)
44
75,500
(80,500)
(85,500)
(91,000)
45
76,500
(81,000)
(86,000)
(91,500)
46
77,000
(81,500)
(87,000)
(92,500)
47
77,500
(82,000)
(87,500)
(93,000)
48
78,000
(83,000)
(88,000)
(93,500)
49
79,000
(83,500)
(88,500)
(94,000)
50
79,500
(84,000)
(89,000)
(94,500)
51
80,000
(84,500)
(89,500)
(95,000)
52
(80,500)
(85,000)
(90,500)
(95,500)
53
(81,000)
(86,000)
(91,000)
(96,500)
54
(81,500)
(86,500)
(91,500)
(97,000)
55
(82,500)
(87,000)
(92,000)
(97,500)
56
(83,000)
(87,500)
(92,500)
(98,000)
57
(83,500)
(88,000)
(93,000)
(98,500)
58
(84,000)
(89,000)
(94,000)
(99,000)
59
(85,000)
(89,500)
(94,500)
(99,500)
60
(85,500)
(90,000)
(95,000)
(100,500)
61
(95,500)
(101,000)
62
(96,000)
(101,500)
63
(96,500)
(102,000)
64
(97,000)
(102,500)
65
(103,000)
66
(103,500)
67
(104,500)
68
(105,000)
69
(105,500)
70
(106,000)
71
(106,500)
72
(107,000)
73
(107,500)
74
(108,000)
(d) The gross weights shown without parentheses in the axle weight limits table are allowed on unpaved streets and highways, unless posted to a lesser weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1. The gross weights shown in this table, whether within or without parentheses, are allowed on paved streets and highways, unless posted to a lesser weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1. Gross weights in excess of 80,000 pounds require an overweight permit under this chapter, unless otherwise allowed under section 169.826.
(e) Notwithstanding any lesser weight shown in the axle weight limits table, but subject to the restrictions on gross vehicle weights in subdivision 2, paragraph (a), two consecutive sets of tandem axles may carry a gross load of 34,000 pounds each and a combined gross load of 68,000 pounds provided the overall distance between the first and last axles of the consecutive sets of tandem axles is 36 feet or more.
Subd. 2.Gross vehicle weight of all axles; credit for idle reduction technology.
(a) The gross vehicle weight of all axles of a vehicle or combination of vehicles must not exceed:
(1) 80,000 pounds for any vehicle or combination of vehicles on all streets and highways, unless posted at a lower axle weight under section 169.87, subdivision 1; and
(2) 88,000 pounds for any vehicle or combination of vehicles with six or more axles while exclusively engaged in hauling livestock on all state trunk highways other than interstate highways, if the vehicle has a permit under section 169.86, subdivision 5, paragraph (j).
(b) Notwithstanding the maximum weight provisions of this section, and in order to promote the reduction of fuel use and emissions, the maximum gross vehicle weight limits and the axle weight limits for any motor vehicle subject to sections 169.80 to 169.88 and equipped with idle reduction technology or emissions-reduction technology must be increased by the amount of weight necessary to compensate for the weight of the idle reduction technology or emissions-reduction technology, not to exceed 400 pounds. At the request of an authorized representative of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Public Safety, the vehicle operator shall provide proof that the vehicle is equipped with this technology through documentation or demonstration.
History:
1981 c 321 s 4; 1982 c 424 s 42; 1982 c 617 s 11-13; 1983 c 198 s 9; 1986 c 398 art 13 s 6-9; 1986 c 452 s 20; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 4 s 13; 1991 c 112 s 4; 1991 c 333 s 18,19; 1992 c 578 s 7-10; 1994 c 635 art 1 s 16; 1998 c 372 art 1 s 8; 2000 c 433 s 1; 2001 c 156 s 1; 2001 c 213 s 10; 2002 c 364 s 13; 1Sp2005 c 1 art 4 s 36; 2008 c 287 art 1 s 54; 2009 c 64 s 6; 2010 c 320 art 1 s 4,5