State Codes and Statutes

Statutes > North-dakota > T50 > T50c12

Download pdf
Loading PDF...


CHAPTER 50-12CHILD-PLACING AGENCY50-12-01. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context or subject matterotherwise requires:1.&quot;Child-placing agency&quot; means any person undertaking to place children in family<br>homes for temporary or permanent care.2.&quot;Placement&quot; means the transfer of physical custody of a child from a birth parent for<br>foster or adoptive care until an adoption is finalized.50-12-02. Child-placing agency licensed - Rules. Every child-placing agency shallsecure a license from the department of human services. The department shall adopt rules<br>establishing the requirements for licensure as a child-placing agency.50-12-02.1. Out-of-state child-placing agency license requirements.1.Except as otherwise provided in this section, a child-placing agency that does not<br>maintain an office in this state may apply for and receive a license under the same<br>terms and conditions as a resident child-placing agency.2.A child-placing agency that does not maintain an office in this state shall name on its<br>license application at least one resident child-placing agency. Resident child-placing<br>agencies named on the application shall certify their willingness to:a.Receive service of process for papers to be served on the out-of-state<br>child-placing agency;b.Assist when requested by the department of human services in the supervision<br>and visitation of children placed in either temporary or permanent homes by the<br>out-of-state child-placing agency; andc.Provide at the request of the department of human services all other facts,<br>information, and reports to be made on behalf of the out-of-state child-placing<br>agency.3.An out-of-state child-placing agency that complies with the licensing requirements of<br>this chapter may not be required to maintain an office in this state.50-12-03. Requirements for licensure and employment - Term - Moral or religiousconviction not bar to licensure or employment. The department of human services shall<br>issue licenses for the conduct of child-placing agencies upon application. A child-placing agency<br>shall require a criminal history record investigation on the owner and each employee of a<br>child-placing agency who has direct contact with families, with children, or with both.Thedepartment of human services shall consider any criminal history record information available<br>about the owner at the time a licensing decision is made and about an employee prior to the<br>owner or the employee having direct contact with families, with children, or with both. Licenses<br>must be granted for a period not exceeding two years. Licenses must be issued to reputable and<br>responsible applicants upon a showing that they, and their agents, are equipped properly by<br>training and experience to find and select suitable temporary or permanent homes for children<br>and to supervise the homes when children are placed in them, to the end that the health,<br>morality, and general well-being of children placed by them will be properly safeguarded. The<br>department of human services may not deny a license because of the applicant's objection to<br>performing, assisting, counseling, recommending, facilitating, referring, or participating in a<br>placement that violates the applicant's written religious or moral convictions or policies.Page No. 150-12-03.1. Conviction not bar to licensure or employment - Exceptions. Convictionof an offense does not disqualify a person from licensure or employment under this chapter<br>unless the department of human services determines that the offense has a direct bearing upon<br>a person's ability to serve the public as the owner or employee of a child-placing agency, or that,<br>following the person's conviction of any offense, the person is not sufficiently rehabilitated under<br>section 12.1-33-02.1.50-12-03.2. Criminal history record investigation required.1.A child-placing agency shall include, in any adoptive home study report, the results<br>of a criminal history record investigation made under this section.If the resultsreveal a conviction of a crime described in chapter 50-11.3 or determined by the<br>department to have a direct bearing upon the person's ability to provide a suitable<br>home for placement of any child, or the department determines, following conviction<br>of any other offense, the person is not sufficiently rehabilitated under section<br>12.1-33-02.1, the home study report must include a determination that a home<br>provided by the prospective adoptive parent is not a suitable home for the placement<br>of any child and a recommendation that the petition for adoption be denied.Achild-placing agency shall consider any criminal history record information available<br>when making a recommendation in a home study report.2.A child-placing agency shall secure, from a law enforcement agency or any other<br>agency authorized to take fingerprints, two sets of fingerprints and shall provide all<br>other information necessary to secure state criminal history record information and a<br>nationwide background check under federal law from any prospective adoptive<br>parent and any adult living in the prospective adoptive parent's household. Upon a<br>request of a child-placing agency, a law enforcement agency shall take fingerprints<br>of any prospective adoptive parent and any adult living in the prospective adoptive<br>parent's household for purposes of this section. An agency that takes fingerprints as<br>provided under this section may charge a reasonable fee to offset the cost of<br>fingerprinting.3.The child-placing agency shall assure that information obtained under subsection 2<br>is provided to the department of human services and shall arrange payment to the<br>bureau of criminal investigation sufficient to defray the cost of securing criminal<br>history record information under this section.4.Upon receipt of all fingerprints and necessary information relating to a criminal<br>history record investigation, the department of human services shall submit those<br>fingerprints and that information to the bureau of criminal investigation.5.The bureau of criminal investigation shall request a nationwide background check<br>from the federal bureau of investigation and, upon receipt of a response, provide the<br>response of the federal bureau of investigation to the department of human services.<br>The bureau of criminal investigation shall also provide any criminal history record<br>information that may lawfully be made available under chapter 12-60 to the<br>department.6.The department of human services shall provide the child-placing agency with any<br>information, received under this section from the bureau of criminal investigation,<br>that the department of human services is not prevented by federal law from<br>disclosing to the child-placing agency.7.The department of human services may adopt emergency rules under this section<br>without the finding otherwise required under section 28-32-02.8.A criminal history record investigation completed under this section may be used to<br>satisfy the criminal history record investigation requirements of sections 50-11-06.8<br>and 50-11.3-01.Page No. 250-12-04. Contents of license. The license to conduct a child-placing agency issuedunder the provisions of this chapter must set forth:1.The name and address of the licensee.2.The number of children who may be placed by the licensee during the term for which<br>the license is issued.3.Whether the licensee is authorized to find foster or adoptive homes for children, or<br>both.50-12-05. Department may prescribe form of records - Make rules - Records openfor inspection. The department of human services may prescribe the forms for the registration<br>and record of children placed by a child-placing agency.The department shall make suchreasonable rules and regulations in connection with such placements as are necessary to carry<br>out the purposes of this chapter. All records must be open to the inspection of the department.50-12-06. Placement contract. Every child-placing agency upon placing a child in afoster or an adoptive home shall enter a written agreement with the persons taking the child. The<br>agreement must provide:1.The placing agency has access at all reasonable times to such child and to the<br>home in which the child is living; and2.For the return of the child to the placing agency whenever in the opinion of the<br>agency, or of the department of human services, the best interests of the child<br>require the return.50-12-07. Duties of licensee. Every licensee shall:1.Keep a full record and social history of each child received for placement and a<br>similar record and history of the licensee's family.2.Report to the department of human services:a.The name and address of each child to be placed in a foster or an adoptive<br>home;b.The name and address of the proposed foster or adoptive parents; andc.Any other facts and information as requested by the department.3.Visit the proposed foster or adoptive home at frequent intervals and make all<br>necessary inquiries and investigations as may be necessary to determine whether<br>the child will become properly adjusted in the home.4.Continue to visit and supervise each placement as often as may be required by the<br>department and report in writing to the department the conditions as ascertained by<br>a visit.50-12-07.1. Objection to placement for religious or moral convictions or policies -Effect. A child-placing agency is not required to perform, assist, counsel, recommend, facilitate,<br>refer, or participate in a placement that violates the agency's written religious or moral<br>convictions or policies. A state or local government entity may not deny a child-placing agency<br>any grant, contract, or participation in a government program because of the child-placing<br>agency's objection to performing, assisting, counseling, recommending, facilitating, referring, or<br>participating in a placement that violates the child-placing agency's written religious or moral<br>convictions or policies.Refusal by a child-placing agency to perform, assist, counsel,recommend, facilitate, refer, or participate in a placement that violates the child-placing agency'sPage No. 3written religious or moral convictions or policies does not constitute a determination that the<br>proposed adoption is not in the best interest of the minor.50-12-08. Child must be placed in suitable home - Department may remove child.A child may not be placed in any foster or adoptive home until adequate investigation has been<br>made as to the suitability of the proposed foster or adoptive parents and their home<br>surroundings. When the department of human services is satisfied that a child has been placed<br>in an unsuitable home, the department shall order the child-placing agency, in writing, to remove<br>the child and place the child in a home that meets the approval of the department. If within a<br>reasonable period of time it appears that suitable arrangements have not been made for the care<br>of the child, the department shall refer the child to the county social service board of the county in<br>which the child has legal settlement. The county social service board shall make immediate<br>arrangements, subject to the approval of the department, for the care and support of the child. If<br>the child has no legal settlement within the state, or in case of a dispute as to the determination<br>of the child's legal settlement or responsibility for the child's support, the child must be brought<br>before the juvenile court as a dependent child in the county in which the child is found, as<br>provided by law.50-12-09.Compensation for child placing.A child-placing agency in making anadoptive placement may be reimbursed by the adoptive couple for the cost of making the<br>adoptive study of the home and the supervision and evaluation of any placement which may be<br>made prior to the legal adoption. No couple may be deprived of receiving a child for adoption on<br>the basis of inability to pay any portion of such expense.50-12-10. Revocation of license - Grounds. The department of human services mayrevoke the license of any child-placing agency upon a proper showing of any of the following:1.The licensee has violated any requirements under this chapter.2.The license was issued upon fraudulent or untrue representations.3.The licensee has violated any of the rules and regulations of the department.4.The licensee has been guilty of an offense determined by the department to have a<br>direct bearing upon a person's ability to serve the public as a licensee, or the<br>department determines, following conviction of any offense, the person is not<br>sufficiently rehabilitated under section 12.1-33-02.1.50-12-11. Revocation of license - False reports. If any child-placing agency licensedunder the provisions of this chapter makes any false or misleading report to the department of<br>human services, the license must be suspended immediately.Upon hearing before thedepartment, if such false or misleading reports are found to have been made, the license<br>forthwith must be revoked.50-12-12. Denial or revocation of license - Hearing. Before any application for alicense under this chapter may be denied or before the revocation of any license may take place,<br>written charges as to the reasons therefor must be served upon the applicant or licensee. The<br>applicant or licensee has the right to an administrative hearing as provided under chapter 28-32 if<br>written request for the hearing is made to the department within thirty days after service of the<br>written charges.50-12-13.Appeal from denial or revocation of license.Repealed by S.L. 2003,ch. 417, <meta property="og:url" content="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Statutes" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-12-27T23:25:16+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2> <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/'>Statutes</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota'>North-dakota</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t50'>T50</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t50/t50c12'>T50c12</a><br><br><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t50/pdf/t50c12.pdf">Download pdf</a><br><div id="embed_document" style="width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;">Loading PDF...</div><script type="text/javascript"> var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t50/pdf/t50c12.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $("#embed_document"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('<embed src="'+pdf_url+'" width="100%" height="100%"></embed>'); } else { embedwindow.html('<iframe style="width:100%; height:100%;" src="https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'&embedded=true" frameborder="0"></iframe>'); } });</script><br><br><noframes>CHAPTER 50-12CHILD-PLACING AGENCY50-12-01. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context or subject matterotherwise requires:1.&quot;Child-placing agency&quot; means any person undertaking to place children in family<br>homes for temporary or permanent care.2.&quot;Placement&quot; means the transfer of physical custody of a child from a birth parent for<br>foster or adoptive care until an adoption is finalized.50-12-02. Child-placing agency licensed - Rules. Every child-placing agency shallsecure a license from the department of human services. The department shall adopt rules<br>establishing the requirements for licensure as a child-placing agency.50-12-02.1. Out-of-state child-placing agency license requirements.1.Except as otherwise provided in this section, a child-placing agency that does not<br>maintain an office in this state may apply for and receive a license under the same<br>terms and conditions as a resident child-placing agency.2.A child-placing agency that does not maintain an office in this state shall name on its<br>license application at least one resident child-placing agency. Resident child-placing<br>agencies named on the application shall certify their willingness to:a.Receive service of process for papers to be served on the out-of-state<br>child-placing agency;b.Assist when requested by the department of human services in the supervision<br>and visitation of children placed in either temporary or permanent homes by the<br>out-of-state child-placing agency; andc.Provide at the request of the department of human services all other facts,<br>information, and reports to be made on behalf of the out-of-state child-placing<br>agency.3.An out-of-state child-placing agency that complies with the licensing requirements of<br>this chapter may not be required to maintain an office in this state.50-12-03. Requirements for licensure and employment - Term - Moral or religiousconviction not bar to licensure or employment. The department of human services shall<br>issue licenses for the conduct of child-placing agencies upon application. A child-placing agency<br>shall require a criminal history record investigation on the owner and each employee of a<br>child-placing agency who has direct contact with families, with children, or with both.Thedepartment of human services shall consider any criminal history record information available<br>about the owner at the time a licensing decision is made and about an employee prior to the<br>owner or the employee having direct contact with families, with children, or with both. Licenses<br>must be granted for a period not exceeding two years. Licenses must be issued to reputable and<br>responsible applicants upon a showing that they, and their agents, are equipped properly by<br>training and experience to find and select suitable temporary or permanent homes for children<br>and to supervise the homes when children are placed in them, to the end that the health,<br>morality, and general well-being of children placed by them will be properly safeguarded. The<br>department of human services may not deny a license because of the applicant's objection to<br>performing, assisting, counseling, recommending, facilitating, referring, or participating in a<br>placement that violates the applicant's written religious or moral convictions or policies.Page No. 150-12-03.1. Conviction not bar to licensure or employment - Exceptions. Convictionof an offense does not disqualify a person from licensure or employment under this chapter<br>unless the department of human services determines that the offense has a direct bearing upon<br>a person's ability to serve the public as the owner or employee of a child-placing agency, or that,<br>following the person's conviction of any offense, the person is not sufficiently rehabilitated under<br>section 12.1-33-02.1.50-12-03.2. Criminal history record investigation required.1.A child-placing agency shall include, in any adoptive home study report, the results<br>of a criminal history record investigation made under this section.If the resultsreveal a conviction of a crime described in chapter 50-11.3 or determined by the<br>department to have a direct bearing upon the person's ability to provide a suitable<br>home for placement of any child, or the department determines, following conviction<br>of any other offense, the person is not sufficiently rehabilitated under section<br>12.1-33-02.1, the home study report must include a determination that a home<br>provided by the prospective adoptive parent is not a suitable home for the placement<br>of any child and a recommendation that the petition for adoption be denied.Achild-placing agency shall consider any criminal history record information available<br>when making a recommendation in a home study report.2.A child-placing agency shall secure, from a law enforcement agency or any other<br>agency authorized to take fingerprints, two sets of fingerprints and shall provide all<br>other information necessary to secure state criminal history record information and a<br>nationwide background check under federal law from any prospective adoptive<br>parent and any adult living in the prospective adoptive parent's household. Upon a<br>request of a child-placing agency, a law enforcement agency shall take fingerprints<br>of any prospective adoptive parent and any adult living in the prospective adoptive<br>parent's household for purposes of this section. An agency that takes fingerprints as<br>provided under this section may charge a reasonable fee to offset the cost of<br>fingerprinting.3.The child-placing agency shall assure that information obtained under subsection 2<br>is provided to the department of human services and shall arrange payment to the<br>bureau of criminal investigation sufficient to defray the cost of securing criminal<br>history record information under this section.4.Upon receipt of all fingerprints and necessary information relating to a criminal<br>history record investigation, the department of human services shall submit those<br>fingerprints and that information to the bureau of criminal investigation.5.The bureau of criminal investigation shall request a nationwide background check<br>from the federal bureau of investigation and, upon receipt of a response, provide the<br>response of the federal bureau of investigation to the department of human services.<br>The bureau of criminal investigation shall also provide any criminal history record<br>information that may lawfully be made available under chapter 12-60 to the<br>department.6.The department of human services shall provide the child-placing agency with any<br>information, received under this section from the bureau of criminal investigation,<br>that the department of human services is not prevented by federal law from<br>disclosing to the child-placing agency.7.The department of human services may adopt emergency rules under this section<br>without the finding otherwise required under section 28-32-02.8.A criminal history record investigation completed under this section may be used to<br>satisfy the criminal history record investigation requirements of sections 50-11-06.8<br>and 50-11.3-01.Page No. 250-12-04. Contents of license. The license to conduct a child-placing agency issuedunder the provisions of this chapter must set forth:1.The name and address of the licensee.2.The number of children who may be placed by the licensee during the term for which<br>the license is issued.3.Whether the licensee is authorized to find foster or adoptive homes for children, or<br>both.50-12-05. Department may prescribe form of records - Make rules - Records openfor inspection. The department of human services may prescribe the forms for the registration<br>and record of children placed by a child-placing agency.The department shall make suchreasonable rules and regulations in connection with such placements as are necessary to carry<br>out the purposes of this chapter. All records must be open to the inspection of the department.50-12-06. Placement contract. Every child-placing agency upon placing a child in afoster or an adoptive home shall enter a written agreement with the persons taking the child. The<br>agreement must provide:1.The placing agency has access at all reasonable times to such child and to the<br>home in which the child is living; and2.For the return of the child to the placing agency whenever in the opinion of the<br>agency, or of the department of human services, the best interests of the child<br>require the return.50-12-07. Duties of licensee. Every licensee shall:1.Keep a full record and social history of each child received for placement and a<br>similar record and history of the licensee's family.2.Report to the department of human services:a.The name and address of each child to be placed in a foster or an adoptive<br>home;b.The name and address of the proposed foster or adoptive parents; andc.Any other facts and information as requested by the department.3.Visit the proposed foster or adoptive home at frequent intervals and make all<br>necessary inquiries and investigations as may be necessary to determine whether<br>the child will become properly adjusted in the home.4.Continue to visit and supervise each placement as often as may be required by the<br>department and report in writing to the department the conditions as ascertained by<br>a visit.50-12-07.1. Objection to placement for religious or moral convictions or policies -Effect. A child-placing agency is not required to perform, assist, counsel, recommend, facilitate,<br>refer, or participate in a placement that violates the agency's written religious or moral<br>convictions or policies. A state or local government entity may not deny a child-placing agency<br>any grant, contract, or participation in a government program because of the child-placing<br>agency's objection to performing, assisting, counseling, recommending, facilitating, referring, or<br>participating in a placement that violates the child-placing agency's written religious or moral<br>convictions or policies.Refusal by a child-placing agency to perform, assist, counsel,recommend, facilitate, refer, or participate in a placement that violates the child-placing agency'sPage No. 3written religious or moral convictions or policies does not constitute a determination that the<br>proposed adoption is not in the best interest of the minor.50-12-08. Child must be placed in suitable home - Department may remove child.A child may not be placed in any foster or adoptive home until adequate investigation has been<br>made as to the suitability of the proposed foster or adoptive parents and their home<br>surroundings. When the department of human services is satisfied that a child has been placed<br>in an unsuitable home, the department shall order the child-placing agency, in writing, to remove<br>the child and place the child in a home that meets the approval of the department. If within a<br>reasonable period of time it appears that suitable arrangements have not been made for the care<br>of the child, the department shall refer the child to the county social service board of the county in<br>which the child has legal settlement. The county social service board shall make immediate<br>arrangements, subject to the approval of the department, for the care and support of the child. If<br>the child has no legal settlement within the state, or in case of a dispute as to the determination<br>of the child's legal settlement or responsibility for the child's support, the child must be brought<br>before the juvenile court as a dependent child in the county in which the child is found, as<br>provided by law.50-12-09.Compensation for child placing.A child-placing agency in making anadoptive placement may be reimbursed by the adoptive couple for the cost of making the<br>adoptive study of the home and the supervision and evaluation of any placement which may be<br>made prior to the legal adoption. No couple may be deprived of receiving a child for adoption on<br>the basis of inability to pay any portion of such expense.50-12-10. Revocation of license - Grounds. The department of human services mayrevoke the license of any child-placing agency upon a proper showing of any of the following:1.The licensee has violated any requirements under this chapter.2.The license was issued upon fraudulent or untrue representations.3.The licensee has violated any of the rules and regulations of the department.4.The licensee has been guilty of an offense determined by the department to have a<br>direct bearing upon a person's ability to serve the public as a licensee, or the<br>department determines, following conviction of any offense, the person is not<br>sufficiently rehabilitated under section 12.1-33-02.1.50-12-11. Revocation of license - False reports. If any child-placing agency licensedunder the provisions of this chapter makes any false or misleading report to the department of<br>human services, the license must be suspended immediately.Upon hearing before thedepartment, if such false or misleading reports are found to have been made, the license<br>forthwith must be revoked.50-12-12. Denial or revocation of license - Hearing. Before any application for alicense under this chapter may be denied or before the revocation of any license may take place,<br>written charges as to the reasons therefor must be served upon the applicant or licensee. The<br>applicant or licensee has the right to an administrative hearing as provided under chapter 28-32 if<br>written request for the hearing is made to the department within thirty days after service of the<br>written charges.50-12-13.Appeal from denial or revocation of license.Repealed by S.L. 2003,ch. 417, <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/","url":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/","name":"State Codes and Statutes - Statutes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-03-10T03:31:37+00:00","dateModified":"2019-12-27T23:25:16+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://statutes.laws.com/test/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://statutes.laws.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"State Codes and Statutes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/#website","url":"https://statutes.laws.com/","name":"Statutes","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://statutes.laws.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Statutes &raquo; Feed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='redux-extendify-styles-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/redux-framework/redux-core/assets/css/extendify-utilities.css?ver=4.4.15' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Titillium+Web&#038;subset=latin&#038;ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='reset-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/reset.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='main-stylesheet-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/main-stylesheet.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='shortcode-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/shortcode.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='lightbox-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/lightbox.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dat-menu-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/dat-menu.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/responsive.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ie-only-styles-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/ie-ancient.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <![endif]--> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dynamic-css-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=ot_dynamic_css&#038;ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/style.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.23.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.17.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/css/swiper.min.css?ver=5.3.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-248-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/elementor/css/post-248.css?ver=1699721364' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.16.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1699721365' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toc-screen-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/screen.min.css?ver=2309' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=auto&#038;ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-core-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ot = {"THEME_NAME":"legatus","adminUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","gallery_id":"","galleryCat":"","imageUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus\/images\/","cssUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus\/css\/","themeUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/19" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://statutes.laws.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://statutes.laws.com/?p=19' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.laws.com%2Ftest%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.laws.com%2Ftest%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Redux 4.4.15" /><script type="text/javascript"> (function(url){ if(/(?:Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; } var addEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var removeEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.removeEventListener) { document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.detachEvent) { document.detachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var evts = 'contextmenu dblclick drag dragend dragenter dragleave dragover dragstart drop keydown keypress keyup mousedown mousemove mouseout mouseover mouseup mousewheel scroll'.split(' '); var logHuman = function() { if (window.wfLogHumanRan) { return; } window.wfLogHumanRan = true; var wfscr = document.createElement('script'); wfscr.type = 'text/javascript'; wfscr.async = true; wfscr.src = url + '&r=' + Math.random(); (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr); for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { removeEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } }; for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { addEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } })('//statutes.laws.com/?wordfence_lh=1&hid=88229D8467A4D91DEC01DF1EEB28BB52'); </script><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.17.3; features: e_dom_optimization, e_optimized_assets_loading, e_optimized_css_loading, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by Slider Revolution 6.6.11 - responsive, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress with comfortable drag and drop interface." /> <!-- Clicky Web Analytics - https://clicky.com, WordPress Plugin by Yoast - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/clicky/ --><script type='text/javascript'> function clicky_gc(name) { var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i in ca) { if (ca[i].indexOf(name + '=') != -1) { return decodeURIComponent(ca[i].split('=')[1]); } } return ''; } var username_check = clicky_gc('"comment_author_d2f3dac10cedf763d31d1d5e708a3685"'); if (username_check) var clicky_custom_session = {username: username_check}; </script> <script> var clicky_site_ids = clicky_site_ids || []; clicky_site_ids.push("100851447"); </script> <script async src="//static.getclicky.com/js"></script><script>function setREVStartSize(e){ //window.requestAnimationFrame(function() { window.RSIW = window.RSIW===undefined ? window.innerWidth : window.RSIW; window.RSIH = window.RSIH===undefined ? window.innerHeight : window.RSIH; try { var pw = document.getElementById(e.c).parentNode.offsetWidth, newh; pw = pw===0 || isNaN(pw) || (e.l=="fullwidth" || e.layout=="fullwidth") ? window.RSIW : pw; e.tabw = e.tabw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabw); e.thumbw = e.thumbw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbw); e.tabh = e.tabh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabh); e.thumbh = e.thumbh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbh); e.tabhide = e.tabhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabhide); e.thumbhide = e.thumbhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbhide); e.mh = e.mh===undefined || e.mh=="" || e.mh==="auto" ? 0 : parseInt(e.mh,0); if(e.layout==="fullscreen" || e.l==="fullscreen") newh = Math.max(e.mh,window.RSIH); else{ e.gw = Array.isArray(e.gw) ? e.gw : [e.gw]; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gw[i]===undefined || e.gw[i]===0) e.gw[i] = e.gw[i-1]; e.gh = e.el===undefined || e.el==="" || (Array.isArray(e.el) && e.el.length==0)? e.gh : e.el; e.gh = Array.isArray(e.gh) ? e.gh : [e.gh]; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gh[i]===undefined || e.gh[i]===0) e.gh[i] = e.gh[i-1]; var nl = new Array(e.rl.length), ix = 0, sl; e.tabw = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabw; e.thumbw = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbw; e.tabh = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabh; e.thumbh = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbh; for (var i in e.rl) nl[i] = e.rl[i]<window.RSIW ? 0 : e.rl[i]; sl = nl[0]; for (var i in nl) if (sl>nl[i] && nl[i]>0) { sl = nl[i]; ix=i;} var m = pw>(e.gw[ix]+e.tabw+e.thumbw) ? 1 : (pw-(e.tabw+e.thumbw)) / (e.gw[ix]); newh = (e.gh[ix] * m) + (e.tabh + e.thumbh); } var el = document.getElementById(e.c); if (el!==null && el) el.style.height = newh+"px"; el = document.getElementById(e.c+"_wrapper"); if (el!==null && el) { el.style.height = newh+"px"; el.style.display = "block"; } } catch(e){ console.log("Failure at Presize of Slider:" + e) } //}); };</script> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> <style> body { background: none !important; } </style> <!-- END head --> </head> <!-- BEGIN body --> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-19 wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.5 vc_responsive elementor-default elementor-kit-248 elementor-page elementor-page-19"> <!-- BEGIN .boxed --> <div class="boxed"> <!-- BEGIN .header --> <div class="header"> <!-- BEGIN .header-very-top --> <div class="header-very-top"> <!-- BEGIN .wrapper --> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="left"> <ul class="ot-menu very-top-menu load-responsive" rel="Top Menu"><li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com" class="icon-text"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a></li><li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-1 single"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-2 single"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-3 single"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-4 single"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-5 single"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <div class="double-split"></div> <!-- END .header-very-top --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .header-middle --> <div class="header-middle"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="banner"> <div class="banner-block"> </div> </div> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <!-- END .header-middle --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .header-menu --> <div class="header-menu thisisfixed"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="logo-image"> <!--<h1></h1>--> <a href="https://statutes.laws.com"><img class="logo" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/logo.png" alt="Statutes" /></a> </div> <ul class="menu main-menu" ><li id="menu-item-148" class="normal-drop no-description menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-1" style="background:#264C84; color:#264C84; "><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149" class="normal-drop no-description menu_red menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-150" class="normal-drop no-description menu_green menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-152" class="normal-drop no-description menu_boldred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-151" class="normal-drop no-description menu_blue menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <!-- END .header-menu --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .header-undermenu --> <div class="header-undermenu"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <!-- END .header-undermenu --> </div> <!-- Begin add search bar --> <br /> <div class="wrapper"> <!-- add search bar - Peter - May 2015 --> <style> .input-txt-bigger{background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-txt-bigger.jpg) no-repeat;width:100%;height:30px;color:#5a8bb7;padding:0px 10px;padding:6px 10px\9;float:left;border:0px;font-size:16px} .input-btn{background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-btn-blue.png) no-repeat;width:100%;height:30px;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;margin-left:10px;text-align:center;float:left;border:0px;cursor:pointer} </style> <form action="https://laws.com/searchresults" method="get"> <input type="text" id="qucik-key" name="sname" value="Search Laws" onfocus="if(this.value=='Search Laws' || this.value=='') this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='Search Laws';" class="input-txt-bigger" style="background:none;border:2px solid #1661B2;width:75%;height:55px;font-size:30px;font-weight:bold" /> <input type="submit" class="input-btn" value="SEARCH" style="width:167px;height:55px;font-size:20px;background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-btn-blue-big.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent" /> </form> <!-- End add search bar - Peter - May 2015 --> </div> <div style="height: 70px;"></div> <!-- Begin add search bar --> <!-- END .header --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .content --> <div class="content"> <!-- BEGIN .wrapper --> <div class="wrapper"> <!-- BEGIN .main-content-left --> <div class="main-content-left"> <div class="social-icons-float"> <span class="soc-header">Share</span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://statutes.laws.com/test/" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" class="social-button ot-share" style="background:#495fbd;"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><font>Share</font></a> </span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="#" data-hashtags="" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" data-via="" data-text="State Codes and Statutes" class="social-button ot-tweet" style="background:#43bedd;"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><font>Tweet</font></a> </span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count">0<span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://statutes.laws.com/test/" class="social-button ot-pluss" style="background:#df6149;"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i><font>+1</font></a> </span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://statutes.laws.com/test/&title=State Codes and Statutes" class="social-button ot-link" style="background:#264c84;" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><font>Share</font></a> </span> </div> <!-- 27.04.15 - BEGIN box search --> <!-- Adding the ads for legal-forms - Peter - 27-4-2015 --> <!-- End Adding the ads for legal-forms - Peter - 27-4-2015 --> <!-- 27.04.15 - END box search --> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="content-article-title"> <h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2> <div class="right-title-side"> <br/> <a href="https://statutes.laws.com"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>Back To Homepage</a> </div> </div> <div class="main-article-content"> <!-- BEGIN .shortcode-content --> <div class="shortcode-content"> <h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2> <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/'>Statutes</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota'>North-dakota</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t50'>T50</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t50/t50c12'>T50c12</a><br><br><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t50/pdf/t50c12.pdf">Download pdf</a><br><div id="embed_document" style="width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;">Loading PDF...</div><script type="text/javascript"> var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t50/pdf/t50c12.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $("#embed_document"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('<embed src="'+pdf_url+'" width="100%" height="100%"></embed>'); } else { embedwindow.html('<iframe style="width:100%; height:100%;" src="https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'&embedded=true" frameborder="0"></iframe>'); } });</script><br><br><noframes>CHAPTER 50-12CHILD-PLACING AGENCY50-12-01. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context or subject matterotherwise requires:1.&quot;Child-placing agency&quot; means any person undertaking to place children in family<br>homes for temporary or permanent care.2.&quot;Placement&quot; means the transfer of physical custody of a child from a birth parent for<br>foster or adoptive care until an adoption is finalized.50-12-02. Child-placing agency licensed - Rules. Every child-placing agency shallsecure a license from the department of human services. The department shall adopt rules<br>establishing the requirements for licensure as a child-placing agency.50-12-02.1. Out-of-state child-placing agency license requirements.1.Except as otherwise provided in this section, a child-placing agency that does not<br>maintain an office in this state may apply for and receive a license under the same<br>terms and conditions as a resident child-placing agency.2.A child-placing agency that does not maintain an office in this state shall name on its<br>license application at least one resident child-placing agency. Resident child-placing<br>agencies named on the application shall certify their willingness to:a.Receive service of process for papers to be served on the out-of-state<br>child-placing agency;b.Assist when requested by the department of human services in the supervision<br>and visitation of children placed in either temporary or permanent homes by the<br>out-of-state child-placing agency; andc.Provide at the request of the department of human services all other facts,<br>information, and reports to be made on behalf of the out-of-state child-placing<br>agency.3.An out-of-state child-placing agency that complies with the licensing requirements of<br>this chapter may not be required to maintain an office in this state.50-12-03. Requirements for licensure and employment - Term - Moral or religiousconviction not bar to licensure or employment. The department of human services shall<br>issue licenses for the conduct of child-placing agencies upon application. A child-placing agency<br>shall require a criminal history record investigation on the owner and each employee of a<br>child-placing agency who has direct contact with families, with children, or with both.Thedepartment of human services shall consider any criminal history record information available<br>about the owner at the time a licensing decision is made and about an employee prior to the<br>owner or the employee having direct contact with families, with children, or with both. Licenses<br>must be granted for a period not exceeding two years. Licenses must be issued to reputable and<br>responsible applicants upon a showing that they, and their agents, are equipped properly by<br>training and experience to find and select suitable temporary or permanent homes for children<br>and to supervise the homes when children are placed in them, to the end that the health,<br>morality, and general well-being of children placed by them will be properly safeguarded. The<br>department of human services may not deny a license because of the applicant's objection to<br>performing, assisting, counseling, recommending, facilitating, referring, or participating in a<br>placement that violates the applicant's written religious or moral convictions or policies.Page No. 150-12-03.1. Conviction not bar to licensure or employment - Exceptions. Convictionof an offense does not disqualify a person from licensure or employment under this chapter<br>unless the department of human services determines that the offense has a direct bearing upon<br>a person's ability to serve the public as the owner or employee of a child-placing agency, or that,<br>following the person's conviction of any offense, the person is not sufficiently rehabilitated under<br>section 12.1-33-02.1.50-12-03.2. Criminal history record investigation required.1.A child-placing agency shall include, in any adoptive home study report, the results<br>of a criminal history record investigation made under this section.If the resultsreveal a conviction of a crime described in chapter 50-11.3 or determined by the<br>department to have a direct bearing upon the person's ability to provide a suitable<br>home for placement of any child, or the department determines, following conviction<br>of any other offense, the person is not sufficiently rehabilitated under section<br>12.1-33-02.1, the home study report must include a determination that a home<br>provided by the prospective adoptive parent is not a suitable home for the placement<br>of any child and a recommendation that the petition for adoption be denied.Achild-placing agency shall consider any criminal history record information available<br>when making a recommendation in a home study report.2.A child-placing agency shall secure, from a law enforcement agency or any other<br>agency authorized to take fingerprints, two sets of fingerprints and shall provide all<br>other information necessary to secure state criminal history record information and a<br>nationwide background check under federal law from any prospective adoptive<br>parent and any adult living in the prospective adoptive parent's household. Upon a<br>request of a child-placing agency, a law enforcement agency shall take fingerprints<br>of any prospective adoptive parent and any adult living in the prospective adoptive<br>parent's household for purposes of this section. An agency that takes fingerprints as<br>provided under this section may charge a reasonable fee to offset the cost of<br>fingerprinting.3.The child-placing agency shall assure that information obtained under subsection 2<br>is provided to the department of human services and shall arrange payment to the<br>bureau of criminal investigation sufficient to defray the cost of securing criminal<br>history record information under this section.4.Upon receipt of all fingerprints and necessary information relating to a criminal<br>history record investigation, the department of human services shall submit those<br>fingerprints and that information to the bureau of criminal investigation.5.The bureau of criminal investigation shall request a nationwide background check<br>from the federal bureau of investigation and, upon receipt of a response, provide the<br>response of the federal bureau of investigation to the department of human services.<br>The bureau of criminal investigation shall also provide any criminal history record<br>information that may lawfully be made available under chapter 12-60 to the<br>department.6.The department of human services shall provide the child-placing agency with any<br>information, received under this section from the bureau of criminal investigation,<br>that the department of human services is not prevented by federal law from<br>disclosing to the child-placing agency.7.The department of human services may adopt emergency rules under this section<br>without the finding otherwise required under section 28-32-02.8.A criminal history record investigation completed under this section may be used to<br>satisfy the criminal history record investigation requirements of sections 50-11-06.8<br>and 50-11.3-01.Page No. 250-12-04. Contents of license. The license to conduct a child-placing agency issuedunder the provisions of this chapter must set forth:1.The name and address of the licensee.2.The number of children who may be placed by the licensee during the term for which<br>the license is issued.3.Whether the licensee is authorized to find foster or adoptive homes for children, or<br>both.50-12-05. Department may prescribe form of records - Make rules - Records openfor inspection. The department of human services may prescribe the forms for the registration<br>and record of children placed by a child-placing agency.The department shall make suchreasonable rules and regulations in connection with such placements as are necessary to carry<br>out the purposes of this chapter. All records must be open to the inspection of the department.50-12-06. Placement contract. Every child-placing agency upon placing a child in afoster or an adoptive home shall enter a written agreement with the persons taking the child. The<br>agreement must provide:1.The placing agency has access at all reasonable times to such child and to the<br>home in which the child is living; and2.For the return of the child to the placing agency whenever in the opinion of the<br>agency, or of the department of human services, the best interests of the child<br>require the return.50-12-07. Duties of licensee. Every licensee shall:1.Keep a full record and social history of each child received for placement and a<br>similar record and history of the licensee's family.2.Report to the department of human services:a.The name and address of each child to be placed in a foster or an adoptive<br>home;b.The name and address of the proposed foster or adoptive parents; andc.Any other facts and information as requested by the department.3.Visit the proposed foster or adoptive home at frequent intervals and make all<br>necessary inquiries and investigations as may be necessary to determine whether<br>the child will become properly adjusted in the home.4.Continue to visit and supervise each placement as often as may be required by the<br>department and report in writing to the department the conditions as ascertained by<br>a visit.50-12-07.1. Objection to placement for religious or moral convictions or policies -Effect. A child-placing agency is not required to perform, assist, counsel, recommend, facilitate,<br>refer, or participate in a placement that violates the agency's written religious or moral<br>convictions or policies. A state or local government entity may not deny a child-placing agency<br>any grant, contract, or participation in a government program because of the child-placing<br>agency's objection to performing, assisting, counseling, recommending, facilitating, referring, or<br>participating in a placement that violates the child-placing agency's written religious or moral<br>convictions or policies.Refusal by a child-placing agency to perform, assist, counsel,recommend, facilitate, refer, or participate in a placement that violates the child-placing agency'sPage No. 3written religious or moral convictions or policies does not constitute a determination that the<br>proposed adoption is not in the best interest of the minor.50-12-08. Child must be placed in suitable home - Department may remove child.A child may not be placed in any foster or adoptive home until adequate investigation has been<br>made as to the suitability of the proposed foster or adoptive parents and their home<br>surroundings. When the department of human services is satisfied that a child has been placed<br>in an unsuitable home, the department shall order the child-placing agency, in writing, to remove<br>the child and place the child in a home that meets the approval of the department. If within a<br>reasonable period of time it appears that suitable arrangements have not been made for the care<br>of the child, the department shall refer the child to the county social service board of the county in<br>which the child has legal settlement. The county social service board shall make immediate<br>arrangements, subject to the approval of the department, for the care and support of the child. If<br>the child has no legal settlement within the state, or in case of a dispute as to the determination<br>of the child's legal settlement or responsibility for the child's support, the child must be brought<br>before the juvenile court as a dependent child in the county in which the child is found, as<br>provided by law.50-12-09.Compensation for child placing.A child-placing agency in making anadoptive placement may be reimbursed by the adoptive couple for the cost of making the<br>adoptive study of the home and the supervision and evaluation of any placement which may be<br>made prior to the legal adoption. No couple may be deprived of receiving a child for adoption on<br>the basis of inability to pay any portion of such expense.50-12-10. Revocation of license - Grounds. The department of human services mayrevoke the license of any child-placing agency upon a proper showing of any of the following:1.The licensee has violated any requirements under this chapter.2.The license was issued upon fraudulent or untrue representations.3.The licensee has violated any of the rules and regulations of the department.4.The licensee has been guilty of an offense determined by the department to have a<br>direct bearing upon a person's ability to serve the public as a licensee, or the<br>department determines, following conviction of any offense, the person is not<br>sufficiently rehabilitated under section 12.1-33-02.1.50-12-11. Revocation of license - False reports. If any child-placing agency licensedunder the provisions of this chapter makes any false or misleading report to the department of<br>human services, the license must be suspended immediately.Upon hearing before thedepartment, if such false or misleading reports are found to have been made, the license<br>forthwith must be revoked.50-12-12. Denial or revocation of license - Hearing. Before any application for alicense under this chapter may be denied or before the revocation of any license may take place,<br>written charges as to the reasons therefor must be served upon the applicant or licensee. The<br>applicant or licensee has the right to an administrative hearing as provided under chapter 28-32 if<br>written request for the hearing is made to the department within thirty days after service of the<br>written charges.50-12-13.Appeal from denial or revocation of license.Repealed by S.L. 2003,ch. 417, <!-- END .shortcode-content --> </div> </div> <!-- END .main-content-left --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .main-content-right --> <div class="main-content-right"> <!-- BEGIN .main-nosplit --> <div class="main-nosplit"> <!--<div class="widget-0 first panel"> <h3>Advertising</h3> <script type="text/javascript"> /* var rkbspt = document.createElement('script'); rkbspt.type = 'text/javascript'; rkbspt.src = 'https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/getads.js'; var rkbscpt = document.querySelector('.widget-0.panel').appendChild(rkbspt); rkbscpt.onload = function(){ aax_getad_mpb({ "slot_uuid":"557c365d-8984-4710-a63b-62d1baabc10e" }); }; */ </script> <script id="mNCC" language="javascript"> medianet_width = "336"; medianet_height = "280"; medianet_crid = "436333511"; medianet_versionId = "3111299"; </script> <script src="//contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC4DD64"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250"; e9.noAd = 1; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/BTF/tags.js"></script> </div>--> <div class="widget_text widget-1 first panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250,300x600"; e9.noAd = 1; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div><div class="widget-2 panel"><div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="menu-top-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-154 custom-class-1"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-155 custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-156 custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-157 custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-158 custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul></div></div><div class="widget_text widget-3 panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250,300x600"; e9.noAd = 1; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div><div class="widget_text widget-4 last panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250,300x600"; e9.noAd = 1; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div> <!-- END .main-nosplit --> </div> <!-- END .main-content-right --> </div> <div class="clear-float"></div> <!-- END .wrapper --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .content --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .footer --> <div class="footer"> <!-- BEGIN .wrapper --> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="banner-block"> <!-- <a href="http://www.orange-themes.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/banner-468x60.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a>--> </div> <!-- Disable breaking news slider - Peter - 7 Apr 2015 --> <!-- BEGIN .footer-content --> <div class="footer-content"> <div class="footer-menu"> <ul class="load-responsive" rel="Footer Menu"><li id="menu-item-148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-148 custom-class-1"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149" class="menu_red menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-149 custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-150" class="menu_green menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-150 custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-152" class="menu_boldred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-152 custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-151" class="menu_blue menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151 custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="left"> <ul> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/alabama-forms">Alabama Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/alaska-forms">Alaska Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/arizona-forms">Arizona Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/arkansas-forms">Arkansas Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/california-forms">California Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/colorado-forms">Colorado Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/connecticut-forms">Connecticut Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/district-of-columbia-forms">District Of Columbia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/delaware-forms">Delaware Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/florida-forms">Florida Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/georgia-forms">Georgia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/idaho-forms">Idaho Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/hawaii-forms">Hawaii Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/illinois-forms">Illinois Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/indiana-forms">Indiana Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/iowa-forms">Iowa Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/kansas-forms">Kansas Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/kentucky-forms">Kentucky Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/louisiana-forms">Louisiana Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/maine-forms">Maine Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/maryland-forms">Maryland Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/massachusetts-forms">Massachusetts Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/michigan-forms">Michigan Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/minnesota-forms">Minnesota Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/mississippi-forms">Mississippi Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/missouri-forms">Missouri Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/montana-forms">Montana Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/nebraska-forms">Nebraska Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/nevada-forms">Nevada Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-hampshire-forms">New Hampshire Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-jersey-forms">New Jersey Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-mexico-forms">New Mexico Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-york-forms">New York Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/north-carolina-forms">North Carolina Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/north-dakota-forms">North Dakota Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/ohio-forms">Ohio Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/oklahoma-forms">Oklahoma Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/oregon-forms">Oregon Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/pennsylvania-forms">Pennsylvania Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/rhode-island-forms">Rhode Island Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/south-carolina-forms">South Carolina Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/south-dakota-forms">South Dakota Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/tennessee-forms">Tennessee Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/texas-forms">Texas Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/utah-forms">Utah Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/vermont-forms">Vermont Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/virginia-forms">Virginia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/washington-forms">Washington Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/west-virginia-forms">West Virginia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/wisconsin-forms">Wisconsin Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/wyoming-forms">Wyoming Forms</a></li> </ul> <div> <ul> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/alabama">Alabama Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/alaska">Alaska Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/arizona">Arizona Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/arkansas">Arkansas Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/california">California Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/connecticut">Connecticut Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/delaware">Delaware Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/district-of-columbia">District of Columbia Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/florida">Florida Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/georgia">Georgia Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/hawaii">Hawaii Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/idaho">Idaho Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/illinois">Illinois Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/indiana">Indiana Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/iowa">Iowa Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/kansas">Kansas Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/kentucky">Kentucky Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/louisiana">Louisiana Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/maine">Maine Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/maryland">Maryland Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/massachusetts">Massachusetts Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/michigan">Michigan Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/minnesota">Minnesota Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/mississippi">Mississippi Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/missouri">Missouri Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/montana">Montana Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/nebraska">Nebraska Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/nevada">Nevada Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-hampshire">New Hampshire Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-jersey">New Jersey Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-mexico">New Mexico Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-york">New York Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/north-carolina">North Carolina Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota">North Dakota Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/ohio">Ohio Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/oklahoma">Oklahoma Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/oregon">Oregon Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/rhode-island">Rhode Island Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/south-carolina">South Carolina Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/south-dakota">South Dakota Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/tennessee">Tennessee Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/texas">Texas Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/utah">Utah Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/vermont">Vermont Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/washington">Washington Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/west-virginia">West Virginia Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/wisconsin">Wisconsin Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/wyoming">Wyoming Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> </center><br> <div class="footer-menu"> <ul class="load-responsive" rel="Footer Menu"><li id="menu-item-34164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34164"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/about">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34165" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34165"><a href="https://marketing.laws.com">Lawyer Marketing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34166"><a href="https://advertising.laws.com/">Advertise on Laws.com</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34167"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34168"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/TermsOfUse">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34169"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34170"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/AdvertisingPolicy">Advertising Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <strong>Disclaimer</strong> <br>There is no confidential attorney-client relationship formed by using Laws.com website and information provided on this site is not legal advice. For legal advice, please contact your attorney. Attorneys listed on this website are not referred or endorsed by this website. By using Laws.com you agree to Laws.com Terms Of Use.<br> Copyright © 2017 Laws.com | All rights reserved </div> <!--<div class="right">Designed by <a href="https://laws.com" target="_blank">Laws.com</a></div>--> <div class="clear-float"></div> <!-- END .footer-content --> </div> <!-- END .wrapper --> </div> <!-- END .footer --> </div> <!-- END .boxed --> </div> <div class="lightbox"> <div class="lightcontent-loading"> <h2 class="light-title">Loading..</h2> <a href="#" onclick="javascript:lightboxclose();" class="light-close"><i class="fa fa-times"></i>Close Window</a> <div class="loading-box"> <h3>Loading, Please Wait!</h3> <span>This may take a second or two.</span> <span class="loading-image"><img src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/loading.gif" title="" alt="" /></span> </div> </div> <div class="lightcontent"></div> </div> <script> window.RS_MODULES = window.RS_MODULES || {}; window.RS_MODULES.modules = window.RS_MODULES.modules || {}; window.RS_MODULES.waiting = window.RS_MODULES.waiting || []; window.RS_MODULES.defered = true; window.RS_MODULES.moduleWaiting = window.RS_MODULES.moduleWaiting || {}; window.RS_MODULES.type = 'compiled'; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rs-plugin-settings-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/css/rs6.css?ver=6.6.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='rs-plugin-settings-inline-css' type='text/css'> #rs-demo-id {} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpil-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpilFrontend = {"ajaxUrl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","postId":"19","postType":"post","openInternalInNewTab":"1","openExternalInNewTab":"1","disableClicks":"0","openLinksWithJS":"0","trackAllElementClicks":"0","clicksI18n":{"imageNoText":"Image in link: No Text","imageText":"Image Title: ","noText":"No Anchor Text Found"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/link-whisper-premium/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1708797351" id="wpil-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rbtools.min.js?ver=6.6.11" defer async id="tp-tools-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rs6.min.js?ver=6.6.11" defer async id="revmin-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-effects-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-slide.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-effects-slide-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/admin/jquery.c00kie.js?ver=1.0" id="cookies-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.floating_popup.1.3.min.js?ver=1.0" id="banner-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/theme-scripts.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.event.move.js?ver=1.3.1" id="move-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.event.swipe.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="swipe-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/lib/bower/isotope/dist/isotope.pkgd.min.js?ver=7.5" id="isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.infinitescroll.min.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="infinitescroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/lightbox.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="lightbox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/iscroll.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="iscroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/ot_gallery.js?ver=1.0" id="ot-gallery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/scripts.js?ver=1.0" id="ot-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/legatus.js?ver=1.0.0" id="scripts-wp-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="toc-front-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/front.min.js?ver=2309" id="toc-front-js"></script> <script></script> <!-- END body --> </body> <!-- END html --> </html>