IC 23-1-22-1 Purpose of corporation; law governing
Sec. 1. (a) Every corporation incorporated under this article has
the purpose of engaging in any lawful business unless a more limited
purpose is set forth in the articles of incorporation.
(b) A corporation engaging in a business that is subject to
regulation under another statute of this state may incorporate under
this article unless provisions for incorporation of corporations
engaging in that business exist under that statute. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-2 Perpetual duration; powers
Sec. 2. Unless its articles of incorporation provide otherwise,
every corporation has perpetual duration and succession in its
corporate name and has the same powers as an individual to do all
things necessary or convenient to carry out its business and affairs,
including without limitation power to:
(1) sue and be sued, complain and defend in its corporate name;
(2) have a corporate seal, which may be altered at will, and to
use it, or a facsimile of it, by impressing or affixing it or in any
other manner reproducing it (however, the use of a corporate
seal or an impression thereof is not required and does not affect
the validity of any instrument whatsoever, notwithstanding any
other statutes);
(3) make and amend bylaws, not inconsistent with its articles of
incorporation or with the laws of this state, for managing the
business and regulating the affairs of the corporation;
(4) purchase, receive, lease, or otherwise acquire and own, hold,
improve, use, and otherwise deal with real or personal property,
or any legal or equitable interest in property, wherever located;
(5) sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, and
otherwise dispose of all or any part of its property;
(6) purchase, receive, subscribe for, or otherwise acquire; own,
hold, vote, use, sell, mortgage, lend, pledge, or otherwise
dispose of; and deal in and with shares or other interests in, or
obligations of, any entity, including itself, except as otherwise
prohibited by this article;
(7) make contracts and guarantees, incur liabilities, borrow
money, issue its notes, bonds, and other obligations (which may
be convertible into or include the option to purchase other
securities of the corporation), and secure any of its obligations
by mortgage or pledge of any of its property, franchises, or
income;
(8) lend money, invest and reinvest its funds, and receive and
hold real and personal property as security for repayment;
(9) be a promoter, partner, member, associate, or manager of
any partnership, joint venture, trust, or other entity;
(10) conduct its business, locate offices, and exercise the
powers granted by this article within or without Indiana;
(11) elect directors, elect and appoint officers, and appoint
employees and agents of the corporation, define their duties, fix
their compensation, and lend them money and credit;
(12) pay pensions and establish and administer pension plans,
pension trusts, profit sharing plans, share bonus plans, share
option plans, welfare plans, qualified and nonqualified
retirement plans, and benefit or incentive plans for any or all of
its current or former directors, officers, employees, and agents;
(13) make donations for the public welfare or for charitable,
scientific, or educational purposes;
(14) transact any lawful business that will aid governmental
policy; and
(15) make payments or donations, or do any other act, not
inconsistent with law, that furthers the business and affairs of
the corporation. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-3 Emergencies; powers; meetings
Sec. 3. (a) In anticipation of or during an emergency defined in
subsection (d), the board of directors of a corporation may:
(1) modify lines of succession to accommodate the incapacity
of any director, officer, employee, or agent; and
(2) relocate the principal office, designate alternative principal
offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers to do so.
(b) During an emergency defined in subsection (d), unless
emergency bylaws provide otherwise:
(1) notice of a meeting of the board of directors need be given
only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach and may
be given in any practicable manner, including by publication
and radio; and
(2) one (1) or more officers of the corporation present at a
meeting of the board of directors may be deemed to be directors
for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in
order of seniority, as necessary to achieve a quorum.
(c) Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency
under this section to further the ordinary business affairs of the
corporation:
(1) binds the corporation; and
(2) may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director,
officer, employee, or agent.
(d) An emergency exists for purposes of this section if an
extraordinary event prevents a quorum of the corporation's directors
from assembling in time to deal with the business for which the
meeting has been or is to be called. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6. IC 23-1-22-4 Procedures regulating transactions resulting in change of control
Sec. 4. (a) In addition to any other provision contained in its
articles of incorporation or bylaws or authorized by any other
provision of this article, a corporation may establish one (1) or more
procedures by which it regulates transactions that would, when
consummated, result in a change of control of such corporation.
(b) For purposes of this section and any procedure established
under this section, "control" means:
(1) for any corporation having one hundred (100) or more
shareholders, the beneficial ownership, or the direct or indirect
power to direct the voting, of no less than ten percent (10%) of
the voting shares of a corporation's outstanding voting shares;
and
(2) for any corporation having fewer than one hundred (100)
shareholders, the beneficial ownership, or the direct or indirect
power to direct the voting, of no less than fifty percent (50%)
of the voting shares of the corporation's outstanding voting
shares.
(c) A procedure established under this section may be adopted:
(1) in a corporation's original articles of incorporation or
bylaws;
(2) by amending the articles of incorporation; or
(3) notwithstanding that a vote of the shareholders would
otherwise be required by any other provision of this article or
the articles of incorporation for the adoption or implementation
of all or any portion of the procedure, by amending the bylaws. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-5 Challenging corporation's power to act; ultra vires acts
Sec. 5. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the validity of
corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the
corporation lacks or lacked power to act.
(b) A corporation's power to act may be challenged:
(1) in a proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to
enjoin the act;
(2) in a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or
through a receiver, trustee, or other legal representative, against
an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of
the corporation; or
(3) in a proceeding by the attorney general under IC 23-1-47-1.
(c) In a shareholder's proceeding under subsection (b)(1) to enjoin
an unauthorized corporate act, the court may enjoin or set aside the
act, if equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the
proceeding, and may award damages for loss (other than anticipated
profits) suffered by the corporation or another party because of
enjoining the unauthorized act. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-1 Purpose of corporation; law governing
Sec. 1. (a) Every corporation incorporated under this article has
the purpose of engaging in any lawful business unless a more limited
purpose is set forth in the articles of incorporation.
(b) A corporation engaging in a business that is subject to
regulation under another statute of this state may incorporate under
this article unless provisions for incorporation of corporations
engaging in that business exist under that statute. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-2 Perpetual duration; powers
Sec. 2. Unless its articles of incorporation provide otherwise,
every corporation has perpetual duration and succession in its
corporate name and has the same powers as an individual to do all
things necessary or convenient to carry out its business and affairs,
including without limitation power to:
(1) sue and be sued, complain and defend in its corporate name;
(2) have a corporate seal, which may be altered at will, and to
use it, or a facsimile of it, by impressing or affixing it or in any
other manner reproducing it (however, the use of a corporate
seal or an impression thereof is not required and does not affect
the validity of any instrument whatsoever, notwithstanding any
other statutes);
(3) make and amend bylaws, not inconsistent with its articles of
incorporation or with the laws of this state, for managing the
business and regulating the affairs of the corporation;
(4) purchase, receive, lease, or otherwise acquire and own, hold,
improve, use, and otherwise deal with real or personal property,
or any legal or equitable interest in property, wherever located;
(5) sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, and
otherwise dispose of all or any part of its property;
(6) purchase, receive, subscribe for, or otherwise acquire; own,
hold, vote, use, sell, mortgage, lend, pledge, or otherwise
dispose of; and deal in and with shares or other interests in, or
obligations of, any entity, including itself, except as otherwise
prohibited by this article;
(7) make contracts and guarantees, incur liabilities, borrow
money, issue its notes, bonds, and other obligations (which may
be convertible into or include the option to purchase other
securities of the corporation), and secure any of its obligations
by mortgage or pledge of any of its property, franchises, or
income;
(8) lend money, invest and reinvest its funds, and receive and
hold real and personal property as security for repayment;
(9) be a promoter, partner, member, associate, or manager of
any partnership, joint venture, trust, or other entity;
(10) conduct its business, locate offices, and exercise the
powers granted by this article within or without Indiana;
(11) elect directors, elect and appoint officers, and appoint
employees and agents of the corporation, define their duties, fix
their compensation, and lend them money and credit;
(12) pay pensions and establish and administer pension plans,
pension trusts, profit sharing plans, share bonus plans, share
option plans, welfare plans, qualified and nonqualified
retirement plans, and benefit or incentive plans for any or all of
its current or former directors, officers, employees, and agents;
(13) make donations for the public welfare or for charitable,
scientific, or educational purposes;
(14) transact any lawful business that will aid governmental
policy; and
(15) make payments or donations, or do any other act, not
inconsistent with law, that furthers the business and affairs of
the corporation. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-3 Emergencies; powers; meetings
Sec. 3. (a) In anticipation of or during an emergency defined in
subsection (d), the board of directors of a corporation may:
(1) modify lines of succession to accommodate the incapacity
of any director, officer, employee, or agent; and
(2) relocate the principal office, designate alternative principal
offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers to do so.
(b) During an emergency defined in subsection (d), unless
emergency bylaws provide otherwise:
(1) notice of a meeting of the board of directors need be given
only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach and may
be given in any practicable manner, including by publication
and radio; and
(2) one (1) or more officers of the corporation present at a
meeting of the board of directors may be deemed to be directors
for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in
order of seniority, as necessary to achieve a quorum.
(c) Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency
under this section to further the ordinary business affairs of the
corporation:
(1) binds the corporation; and
(2) may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director,
officer, employee, or agent.
(d) An emergency exists for purposes of this section if an
extraordinary event prevents a quorum of the corporation's directors
from assembling in time to deal with the business for which the
meeting has been or is to be called. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6. IC 23-1-22-4 Procedures regulating transactions resulting in change of control
Sec. 4. (a) In addition to any other provision contained in its
articles of incorporation or bylaws or authorized by any other
provision of this article, a corporation may establish one (1) or more
procedures by which it regulates transactions that would, when
consummated, result in a change of control of such corporation.
(b) For purposes of this section and any procedure established
under this section, "control" means:
(1) for any corporation having one hundred (100) or more
shareholders, the beneficial ownership, or the direct or indirect
power to direct the voting, of no less than ten percent (10%) of
the voting shares of a corporation's outstanding voting shares;
and
(2) for any corporation having fewer than one hundred (100)
shareholders, the beneficial ownership, or the direct or indirect
power to direct the voting, of no less than fifty percent (50%)
of the voting shares of the corporation's outstanding voting
shares.
(c) A procedure established under this section may be adopted:
(1) in a corporation's original articles of incorporation or
bylaws;
(2) by amending the articles of incorporation; or
(3) notwithstanding that a vote of the shareholders would
otherwise be required by any other provision of this article or
the articles of incorporation for the adoption or implementation
of all or any portion of the procedure, by amending the bylaws. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-5 Challenging corporation's power to act; ultra vires acts
Sec. 5. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the validity of
corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the
corporation lacks or lacked power to act.
(b) A corporation's power to act may be challenged:
(1) in a proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to
enjoin the act;
(2) in a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or
through a receiver, trustee, or other legal representative, against
an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of
the corporation; or
(3) in a proceeding by the attorney general under IC 23-1-47-1.
(c) In a shareholder's proceeding under subsection (b)(1) to enjoin
an unauthorized corporate act, the court may enjoin or set aside the
act, if equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the
proceeding, and may award damages for loss (other than anticipated
profits) suffered by the corporation or another party because of
enjoining the unauthorized act. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-1 Purpose of corporation; law governing
Sec. 1. (a) Every corporation incorporated under this article has
the purpose of engaging in any lawful business unless a more limited
purpose is set forth in the articles of incorporation.
(b) A corporation engaging in a business that is subject to
regulation under another statute of this state may incorporate under
this article unless provisions for incorporation of corporations
engaging in that business exist under that statute. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-2 Perpetual duration; powers
Sec. 2. Unless its articles of incorporation provide otherwise,
every corporation has perpetual duration and succession in its
corporate name and has the same powers as an individual to do all
things necessary or convenient to carry out its business and affairs,
including without limitation power to:
(1) sue and be sued, complain and defend in its corporate name;
(2) have a corporate seal, which may be altered at will, and to
use it, or a facsimile of it, by impressing or affixing it or in any
other manner reproducing it (however, the use of a corporate
seal or an impression thereof is not required and does not affect
the validity of any instrument whatsoever, notwithstanding any
other statutes);
(3) make and amend bylaws, not inconsistent with its articles of
incorporation or with the laws of this state, for managing the
business and regulating the affairs of the corporation;
(4) purchase, receive, lease, or otherwise acquire and own, hold,
improve, use, and otherwise deal with real or personal property,
or any legal or equitable interest in property, wherever located;
(5) sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, and
otherwise dispose of all or any part of its property;
(6) purchase, receive, subscribe for, or otherwise acquire; own,
hold, vote, use, sell, mortgage, lend, pledge, or otherwise
dispose of; and deal in and with shares or other interests in, or
obligations of, any entity, including itself, except as otherwise
prohibited by this article;
(7) make contracts and guarantees, incur liabilities, borrow
money, issue its notes, bonds, and other obligations (which may
be convertible into or include the option to purchase other
securities of the corporation), and secure any of its obligations
by mortgage or pledge of any of its property, franchises, or
income;
(8) lend money, invest and reinvest its funds, and receive and
hold real and personal property as security for repayment;
(9) be a promoter, partner, member, associate, or manager of
any partnership, joint venture, trust, or other entity;
(10) conduct its business, locate offices, and exercise the
powers granted by this article within or without Indiana;
(11) elect directors, elect and appoint officers, and appoint
employees and agents of the corporation, define their duties, fix
their compensation, and lend them money and credit;
(12) pay pensions and establish and administer pension plans,
pension trusts, profit sharing plans, share bonus plans, share
option plans, welfare plans, qualified and nonqualified
retirement plans, and benefit or incentive plans for any or all of
its current or former directors, officers, employees, and agents;
(13) make donations for the public welfare or for charitable,
scientific, or educational purposes;
(14) transact any lawful business that will aid governmental
policy; and
(15) make payments or donations, or do any other act, not
inconsistent with law, that furthers the business and affairs of
the corporation. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-3 Emergencies; powers; meetings
Sec. 3. (a) In anticipation of or during an emergency defined in
subsection (d), the board of directors of a corporation may:
(1) modify lines of succession to accommodate the incapacity
of any director, officer, employee, or agent; and
(2) relocate the principal office, designate alternative principal
offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers to do so.
(b) During an emergency defined in subsection (d), unless
emergency bylaws provide otherwise:
(1) notice of a meeting of the board of directors need be given
only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach and may
be given in any practicable manner, including by publication
and radio; and
(2) one (1) or more officers of the corporation present at a
meeting of the board of directors may be deemed to be directors
for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in
order of seniority, as necessary to achieve a quorum.
(c) Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency
under this section to further the ordinary business affairs of the
corporation:
(1) binds the corporation; and
(2) may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director,
officer, employee, or agent.
(d) An emergency exists for purposes of this section if an
extraordinary event prevents a quorum of the corporation's directors
from assembling in time to deal with the business for which the
meeting has been or is to be called. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6. IC 23-1-22-4 Procedures regulating transactions resulting in change of control
Sec. 4. (a) In addition to any other provision contained in its
articles of incorporation or bylaws or authorized by any other
provision of this article, a corporation may establish one (1) or more
procedures by which it regulates transactions that would, when
consummated, result in a change of control of such corporation.
(b) For purposes of this section and any procedure established
under this section, "control" means:
(1) for any corporation having one hundred (100) or more
shareholders, the beneficial ownership, or the direct or indirect
power to direct the voting, of no less than ten percent (10%) of
the voting shares of a corporation's outstanding voting shares;
and
(2) for any corporation having fewer than one hundred (100)
shareholders, the beneficial ownership, or the direct or indirect
power to direct the voting, of no less than fifty percent (50%)
of the voting shares of the corporation's outstanding voting
shares.
(c) A procedure established under this section may be adopted:
(1) in a corporation's original articles of incorporation or
bylaws;
(2) by amending the articles of incorporation; or
(3) notwithstanding that a vote of the shareholders would
otherwise be required by any other provision of this article or
the articles of incorporation for the adoption or implementation
of all or any portion of the procedure, by amending the bylaws. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
IC 23-1-22-5 Challenging corporation's power to act; ultra vires acts
Sec. 5. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the validity of
corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the
corporation lacks or lacked power to act.
(b) A corporation's power to act may be challenged:
(1) in a proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to
enjoin the act;
(2) in a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or
through a receiver, trustee, or other legal representative, against
an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of
the corporation; or
(3) in a proceeding by the attorney general under IC 23-1-47-1.
(c) In a shareholder's proceeding under subsection (b)(1) to enjoin
an unauthorized corporate act, the court may enjoin or set aside the
act, if equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the
proceeding, and may award damages for loss (other than anticipated
profits) suffered by the corporation or another party because of
enjoining the unauthorized act. As added by P.L.149-1986, SEC.6.
