State Codes and Statutes

Statutes > North-dakota > T43 > T43c32

Download pdf
Loading PDF...


CHAPTER 43-32PSYCHOLOGISTS43-32-01. Definitions.1.&quot;Board&quot; means the North Dakota state board of psychologist examiners.2.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychologist&quot; means an individual who is licensed under<br>this chapter to engage in the practice of industrial-organizational psychology.3.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychology&quot; means the provision of psychological research<br>services or consultation services to a group or an organization. The term does not<br>include the delivery or supervision of services to individuals who are themselves,<br>rather than the group or organization, the intended beneficiaries of the services,<br>regardless of the source or extent of payment for services rendered.4.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychology resident&quot; means an individual who has met the<br>requirement of subdivision b of subsection 2 of section 43-32-20, is involved in<br>supervised employment in industrial-organizational psychology, and has registered<br>with the board.5.&quot;Licensee&quot; means an industrial-organizational psychologist or a psychologist.6.&quot;Practiceofpsychology&quot;meanstheobservation,description,evaluation,interpretation, or modification of human behavior by the application of psychological<br>principles, methods, and procedures for the purpose of preventing or eliminating<br>symptomatic, maladaptive, or undesired behavior and enhancing interpersonal<br>relationships, work and life adjustment, personal effectiveness, behavioral health,<br>and mental health. The term includes psychological testing and the evaluation or<br>assessment of personal characteristics, such as intelligence, personality, abilities,<br>interests, aptitudes, and neuropsychological functioning; counseling, psychotherapy,<br>biofeedback, behavior analysis and therapy, clinical applications of hypnosis, and<br>other therapeutic techniques based on psychological principles; diagnosis and<br>treatment of mental and emotional disorder or disability, compulsive disorders,<br>disorders of habit or conduct as well as of the psychological aspects of physical<br>illness, accident, injury, or disability; and psychoeducational evaluation, therapy,<br>remediation, and consultation. The term includes providing psychological services<br>to individuals, families, groups, organizations, institutions, and the public regardless<br>of whether payment is received for services rendered.The term includessupervising others who are engaged in the practice of psychology.7.&quot;Psychologist&quot; means an individual who is licensed under this chapter in the practice<br>of psychology.8.&quot;Psychology resident&quot; means an individual who has met the requirement of<br>subdivision b of subsection 1 of section 43-32-20, is involved in supervised<br>psychological employment, and has registered with the board.9.&quot;School or college&quot; means any university or other institution of higher learning which<br>is accredited by a regional accrediting association, offering a full-time graduate<br>course of study in industrial-organizational psychology or psychology.43-32-02. State board of psychologist examiners - How appointed - Qualifications.The governor shall appoint a state board of psychologist examiners consisting of five members.<br>At least one member must be engaged primarily in providing service in psychology, and at least<br>one member must be engaged primarily in teaching, training, or research in psychology. Each<br>member must:Page No. 11.Be a resident of this state.2.Be a psychologist licensed under this chapter.3.Have received a doctorate degree in psychology from a school or college at least<br>five years before appointment.4.Have actively engaged in the practice of teaching or research of psychology for at<br>least five years.43-32-03. Tenure of members - Vacancies and oath of office. The term of office ofeach member of the board is three years and until a successor is appointed and qualified. The<br>governor shall fill all vacancies by appointment. In case of a vacancy before the expiration of a<br>term, the appointment must be for the remainder of the term only. An individual appointed to the<br>board qualifies by taking the oath required of civil officers.43-32-04. Removal of members. The governor may remove any member of the boardfor unprofessional conduct, incompetency, or neglect of duty after giving such member a written<br>statement of the reasons for removal and after such member has had an opportunity to be heard<br>thereon.43-32-05. Compensation of members - Expenses of board and members.Eachmember of the board serves without compensation, but is entitled to receive mileage and travel<br>expenses while engaged in the performance of board duties as provided in section 54-06-09.<br>The secretary of the board is entitled to receive salary or other compensation and allowance for<br>clerical and other expenses of the board, as the board determines.43-32-06. Officers of the board. The board shall elect annually a president and vicepresident from its own number and a secretary who need not be a member of the board.43-32-06.1.Authority to appoint or employ.The board may appoint or employpersons to assist the board in carrying out its duties under this chapter.43-32-07. Meetings of board - Seal of board. The board shall hold at least one regularmeeting each year. Additional meetings may be held upon call of the president or at the written<br>request of the governor or of any two members of the board. The meetings must be held at such<br>places as the board may designate. The board must have a seal.43-32-08. Rules. The board may adopt rules as necessary to enable the board to carryinto effect the provisions of this chapter. The rules may include a code of ethics for licensees.<br>The board shall adopt rules defining what programs of study are substantially psychological in<br>nature; what educational programs are acceptable for the licensing of psychologists; and what<br>educational programs are acceptable for the licensing of industrial-organizational psychologists.<br>The educational program rules for industrial-organizational psychologists must take into account<br>the availability of professionally accredited programs in the field of industrial-organizational<br>psychology.43-32-08.1.Continuing education requirements.The board shall adopt rulesestablishing requirements for the continuing education of licensees, psychology residents, and<br>industrial-organizational psychology residents.The board may refuse to renew, suspend,revoke, or place on probationary status any license issued under this chapter if the licensee fails<br>to meet applicable continuing education requirements. Applicants for accreditation of continuing<br>education courses, classes, or activities may be charged a reasonable fee determined by the<br>board.43-32-08.2.Continuing education requirements - Renewal.Absent a showing ofgood cause, the board may not renew a license issued under this chapter without proof the<br>continuing education requirements under section 43-32-08.1 have been met.An individualwhose license is not renewed because of failure to meet the continuing education requirementsPage No. 2must be reinstated and the license renewed if, within one year from the date of nonrenewal, the<br>individual demonstrates to the secretary of the board the continuing education requirements have<br>been satisfied, pays the renewal fee, and pays a late fee to be determined by rule of the board.43-32-09. Examination of qualifications of applicants. The board shall examine for,deny, approve, revoke, suspend, and renew the licensing of applicants as provided under this<br>chapter.43-32-10.Power of board to administer oaths - Conduct hearings - Summonwitnesses - Take testimony. The members of the board and the secretary may administer<br>oaths. The board may summon witnesses as provided in chapter 28-32 and take testimony in all<br>matters relating to its duties, including the enforcement of the provisions and purposes of this<br>chapter and the rules adopted by the board.43-32-11. Annual reports. Each year, the board may transmit to the governor, with acopy thereof to the secretary of state and to the North Dakota psychological association, a full<br>report of all activities under this chapter, together with a report of all receipts and disbursements.43-32-12. Application and license fee. The board shall adopt rules establishing theamount of the application fee for licensure by written and oral examination and by reciprocity. A<br>fee is not refundable, in whole or in part, except for failure of the board to hold examinations at<br>the time originally announced, in which event the entire fee must be refunded upon demand by<br>the applicant.43-32-13. Annual license and fee. Before January first of each year, every licenseeshall pay to the secretary of the board an annual license fee determined by the board not to<br>exceed one hundred fifty dollars. The secretary of the board, upon receipt of payment of the<br>annual license fee, shall issue the licensee a certificate of annual license. An individual may not<br>hold out as an industrial-organizational psychologist or a psychologist until the annual license fee<br>is paid. The board may deny renewal of the license of an individual who violates this section.<br>Annually, the board shall mail a renewal notice to each licensee at the address on file with the<br>board.43-32-14. Payment of delinquent license fees - Reinstatement. An individual whoselicense issued under this chapter was revoked for failure to pay the annual license fee must be<br>reinstated and the license renewed if, within one year from the date of revocation, the individual<br>pays to the secretary of the board the amount of the annual license fees in default and a late fee<br>in the amount of twenty dollars.43-32-15. Deposit and disbursement of fees. Repealed by S.L. 1971, ch. 510, <meta property="og:url" content="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Statutes" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-12-27T23:25:16+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2> <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/'>Statutes</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota'>North-dakota</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t43'>T43</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t43/t43c32'>T43c32</a><br><br><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t43/pdf/t43c32.pdf">Download pdf</a><br><div id="embed_document" style="width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;">Loading PDF...</div><script type="text/javascript"> var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t43/pdf/t43c32.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $("#embed_document"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('<embed src="'+pdf_url+'" width="100%" height="100%"></embed>'); } else { embedwindow.html('<iframe style="width:100%; height:100%;" src="https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'&embedded=true" frameborder="0"></iframe>'); } });</script><br><br><noframes>CHAPTER 43-32PSYCHOLOGISTS43-32-01. Definitions.1.&quot;Board&quot; means the North Dakota state board of psychologist examiners.2.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychologist&quot; means an individual who is licensed under<br>this chapter to engage in the practice of industrial-organizational psychology.3.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychology&quot; means the provision of psychological research<br>services or consultation services to a group or an organization. The term does not<br>include the delivery or supervision of services to individuals who are themselves,<br>rather than the group or organization, the intended beneficiaries of the services,<br>regardless of the source or extent of payment for services rendered.4.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychology resident&quot; means an individual who has met the<br>requirement of subdivision b of subsection 2 of section 43-32-20, is involved in<br>supervised employment in industrial-organizational psychology, and has registered<br>with the board.5.&quot;Licensee&quot; means an industrial-organizational psychologist or a psychologist.6.&quot;Practiceofpsychology&quot;meanstheobservation,description,evaluation,interpretation, or modification of human behavior by the application of psychological<br>principles, methods, and procedures for the purpose of preventing or eliminating<br>symptomatic, maladaptive, or undesired behavior and enhancing interpersonal<br>relationships, work and life adjustment, personal effectiveness, behavioral health,<br>and mental health. The term includes psychological testing and the evaluation or<br>assessment of personal characteristics, such as intelligence, personality, abilities,<br>interests, aptitudes, and neuropsychological functioning; counseling, psychotherapy,<br>biofeedback, behavior analysis and therapy, clinical applications of hypnosis, and<br>other therapeutic techniques based on psychological principles; diagnosis and<br>treatment of mental and emotional disorder or disability, compulsive disorders,<br>disorders of habit or conduct as well as of the psychological aspects of physical<br>illness, accident, injury, or disability; and psychoeducational evaluation, therapy,<br>remediation, and consultation. The term includes providing psychological services<br>to individuals, families, groups, organizations, institutions, and the public regardless<br>of whether payment is received for services rendered.The term includessupervising others who are engaged in the practice of psychology.7.&quot;Psychologist&quot; means an individual who is licensed under this chapter in the practice<br>of psychology.8.&quot;Psychology resident&quot; means an individual who has met the requirement of<br>subdivision b of subsection 1 of section 43-32-20, is involved in supervised<br>psychological employment, and has registered with the board.9.&quot;School or college&quot; means any university or other institution of higher learning which<br>is accredited by a regional accrediting association, offering a full-time graduate<br>course of study in industrial-organizational psychology or psychology.43-32-02. State board of psychologist examiners - How appointed - Qualifications.The governor shall appoint a state board of psychologist examiners consisting of five members.<br>At least one member must be engaged primarily in providing service in psychology, and at least<br>one member must be engaged primarily in teaching, training, or research in psychology. Each<br>member must:Page No. 11.Be a resident of this state.2.Be a psychologist licensed under this chapter.3.Have received a doctorate degree in psychology from a school or college at least<br>five years before appointment.4.Have actively engaged in the practice of teaching or research of psychology for at<br>least five years.43-32-03. Tenure of members - Vacancies and oath of office. The term of office ofeach member of the board is three years and until a successor is appointed and qualified. The<br>governor shall fill all vacancies by appointment. In case of a vacancy before the expiration of a<br>term, the appointment must be for the remainder of the term only. An individual appointed to the<br>board qualifies by taking the oath required of civil officers.43-32-04. Removal of members. The governor may remove any member of the boardfor unprofessional conduct, incompetency, or neglect of duty after giving such member a written<br>statement of the reasons for removal and after such member has had an opportunity to be heard<br>thereon.43-32-05. Compensation of members - Expenses of board and members.Eachmember of the board serves without compensation, but is entitled to receive mileage and travel<br>expenses while engaged in the performance of board duties as provided in section 54-06-09.<br>The secretary of the board is entitled to receive salary or other compensation and allowance for<br>clerical and other expenses of the board, as the board determines.43-32-06. Officers of the board. The board shall elect annually a president and vicepresident from its own number and a secretary who need not be a member of the board.43-32-06.1.Authority to appoint or employ.The board may appoint or employpersons to assist the board in carrying out its duties under this chapter.43-32-07. Meetings of board - Seal of board. The board shall hold at least one regularmeeting each year. Additional meetings may be held upon call of the president or at the written<br>request of the governor or of any two members of the board. The meetings must be held at such<br>places as the board may designate. The board must have a seal.43-32-08. Rules. The board may adopt rules as necessary to enable the board to carryinto effect the provisions of this chapter. The rules may include a code of ethics for licensees.<br>The board shall adopt rules defining what programs of study are substantially psychological in<br>nature; what educational programs are acceptable for the licensing of psychologists; and what<br>educational programs are acceptable for the licensing of industrial-organizational psychologists.<br>The educational program rules for industrial-organizational psychologists must take into account<br>the availability of professionally accredited programs in the field of industrial-organizational<br>psychology.43-32-08.1.Continuing education requirements.The board shall adopt rulesestablishing requirements for the continuing education of licensees, psychology residents, and<br>industrial-organizational psychology residents.The board may refuse to renew, suspend,revoke, or place on probationary status any license issued under this chapter if the licensee fails<br>to meet applicable continuing education requirements. Applicants for accreditation of continuing<br>education courses, classes, or activities may be charged a reasonable fee determined by the<br>board.43-32-08.2.Continuing education requirements - Renewal.Absent a showing ofgood cause, the board may not renew a license issued under this chapter without proof the<br>continuing education requirements under section 43-32-08.1 have been met.An individualwhose license is not renewed because of failure to meet the continuing education requirementsPage No. 2must be reinstated and the license renewed if, within one year from the date of nonrenewal, the<br>individual demonstrates to the secretary of the board the continuing education requirements have<br>been satisfied, pays the renewal fee, and pays a late fee to be determined by rule of the board.43-32-09. Examination of qualifications of applicants. The board shall examine for,deny, approve, revoke, suspend, and renew the licensing of applicants as provided under this<br>chapter.43-32-10.Power of board to administer oaths - Conduct hearings - Summonwitnesses - Take testimony. The members of the board and the secretary may administer<br>oaths. The board may summon witnesses as provided in chapter 28-32 and take testimony in all<br>matters relating to its duties, including the enforcement of the provisions and purposes of this<br>chapter and the rules adopted by the board.43-32-11. Annual reports. Each year, the board may transmit to the governor, with acopy thereof to the secretary of state and to the North Dakota psychological association, a full<br>report of all activities under this chapter, together with a report of all receipts and disbursements.43-32-12. Application and license fee. The board shall adopt rules establishing theamount of the application fee for licensure by written and oral examination and by reciprocity. A<br>fee is not refundable, in whole or in part, except for failure of the board to hold examinations at<br>the time originally announced, in which event the entire fee must be refunded upon demand by<br>the applicant.43-32-13. Annual license and fee. Before January first of each year, every licenseeshall pay to the secretary of the board an annual license fee determined by the board not to<br>exceed one hundred fifty dollars. The secretary of the board, upon receipt of payment of the<br>annual license fee, shall issue the licensee a certificate of annual license. An individual may not<br>hold out as an industrial-organizational psychologist or a psychologist until the annual license fee<br>is paid. The board may deny renewal of the license of an individual who violates this section.<br>Annually, the board shall mail a renewal notice to each licensee at the address on file with the<br>board.43-32-14. Payment of delinquent license fees - Reinstatement. An individual whoselicense issued under this chapter was revoked for failure to pay the annual license fee must be<br>reinstated and the license renewed if, within one year from the date of revocation, the individual<br>pays to the secretary of the board the amount of the annual license fees in default and a late fee<br>in the amount of twenty dollars.43-32-15. Deposit and disbursement of fees. Repealed by S.L. 1971, ch. 510, <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/","url":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/","name":"State Codes and Statutes - Statutes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-03-10T03:31:37+00:00","dateModified":"2019-12-27T23:25:16+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://statutes.laws.com/test/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://statutes.laws.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"State Codes and Statutes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/#website","url":"https://statutes.laws.com/","name":"Statutes","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://statutes.laws.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Statutes &raquo; Feed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='redux-extendify-styles-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/redux-framework/redux-core/assets/css/extendify-utilities.css?ver=4.4.15' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Titillium+Web&#038;subset=latin&#038;ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='reset-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/reset.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='main-stylesheet-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/main-stylesheet.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='shortcode-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/shortcode.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='lightbox-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/lightbox.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dat-menu-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/dat-menu.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/responsive.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ie-only-styles-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/ie-ancient.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <![endif]--> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dynamic-css-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=ot_dynamic_css&#038;ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/style.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.23.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.17.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/css/swiper.min.css?ver=5.3.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-248-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/elementor/css/post-248.css?ver=1699721364' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.16.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1699721365' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toc-screen-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/screen.min.css?ver=2309' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=auto&#038;ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-core-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ot = {"THEME_NAME":"legatus","adminUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","gallery_id":"","galleryCat":"","imageUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus\/images\/","cssUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus\/css\/","themeUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/19" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://statutes.laws.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://statutes.laws.com/?p=19' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.laws.com%2Ftest%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.laws.com%2Ftest%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Redux 4.4.15" /><script type="text/javascript"> (function(url){ if(/(?:Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; } var addEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var removeEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.removeEventListener) { document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.detachEvent) { document.detachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var evts = 'contextmenu dblclick drag dragend dragenter dragleave dragover dragstart drop keydown keypress keyup mousedown mousemove mouseout mouseover mouseup mousewheel scroll'.split(' '); var logHuman = function() { if (window.wfLogHumanRan) { return; } window.wfLogHumanRan = true; var wfscr = document.createElement('script'); wfscr.type = 'text/javascript'; wfscr.async = true; wfscr.src = url + '&r=' + Math.random(); (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr); for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { removeEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } }; for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { addEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } })('//statutes.laws.com/?wordfence_lh=1&hid=5248E9CA0EC5FD52DF6181C868BB3772'); </script><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.17.3; features: e_dom_optimization, e_optimized_assets_loading, e_optimized_css_loading, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by Slider Revolution 6.6.11 - responsive, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress with comfortable drag and drop interface." /> <!-- Clicky Web Analytics - https://clicky.com, WordPress Plugin by Yoast - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/clicky/ --><script type='text/javascript'> function clicky_gc(name) { var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i in ca) { if (ca[i].indexOf(name + '=') != -1) { return decodeURIComponent(ca[i].split('=')[1]); } } return ''; } var username_check = clicky_gc('"comment_author_d2f3dac10cedf763d31d1d5e708a3685"'); if (username_check) var clicky_custom_session = {username: username_check}; </script> <script> var clicky_site_ids = clicky_site_ids || []; clicky_site_ids.push("100851447"); </script> <script async src="//static.getclicky.com/js"></script><script>function setREVStartSize(e){ //window.requestAnimationFrame(function() { window.RSIW = window.RSIW===undefined ? window.innerWidth : window.RSIW; window.RSIH = window.RSIH===undefined ? window.innerHeight : window.RSIH; try { var pw = document.getElementById(e.c).parentNode.offsetWidth, newh; pw = pw===0 || isNaN(pw) || (e.l=="fullwidth" || e.layout=="fullwidth") ? window.RSIW : pw; e.tabw = e.tabw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabw); e.thumbw = e.thumbw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbw); e.tabh = e.tabh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabh); e.thumbh = e.thumbh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbh); e.tabhide = e.tabhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabhide); e.thumbhide = e.thumbhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbhide); e.mh = e.mh===undefined || e.mh=="" || e.mh==="auto" ? 0 : parseInt(e.mh,0); if(e.layout==="fullscreen" || e.l==="fullscreen") newh = Math.max(e.mh,window.RSIH); else{ e.gw = Array.isArray(e.gw) ? e.gw : [e.gw]; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gw[i]===undefined || e.gw[i]===0) e.gw[i] = e.gw[i-1]; e.gh = e.el===undefined || e.el==="" || (Array.isArray(e.el) && e.el.length==0)? e.gh : e.el; e.gh = Array.isArray(e.gh) ? e.gh : [e.gh]; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gh[i]===undefined || e.gh[i]===0) e.gh[i] = e.gh[i-1]; var nl = new Array(e.rl.length), ix = 0, sl; e.tabw = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabw; e.thumbw = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbw; e.tabh = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabh; e.thumbh = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbh; for (var i in e.rl) nl[i] = e.rl[i]<window.RSIW ? 0 : e.rl[i]; sl = nl[0]; for (var i in nl) if (sl>nl[i] && nl[i]>0) { sl = nl[i]; ix=i;} var m = pw>(e.gw[ix]+e.tabw+e.thumbw) ? 1 : (pw-(e.tabw+e.thumbw)) / (e.gw[ix]); newh = (e.gh[ix] * m) + (e.tabh + e.thumbh); } var el = document.getElementById(e.c); if (el!==null && el) el.style.height = newh+"px"; el = document.getElementById(e.c+"_wrapper"); if (el!==null && el) { el.style.height = newh+"px"; el.style.display = "block"; } } catch(e){ console.log("Failure at Presize of Slider:" + e) } //}); };</script> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> <style> body { background: none !important; } </style> <!-- END head --> </head> <!-- BEGIN body --> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-19 wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.5 vc_responsive elementor-default elementor-kit-248 elementor-page elementor-page-19"> <!-- BEGIN .boxed --> <div class="boxed"> <!-- BEGIN .header --> <div class="header"> <!-- BEGIN .header-very-top --> <div class="header-very-top"> <!-- BEGIN .wrapper --> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="left"> <ul class="ot-menu very-top-menu load-responsive" rel="Top Menu"><li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com" class="icon-text"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a></li><li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-1 single"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-2 single"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-3 single"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-4 single"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-5 single"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <div class="double-split"></div> <!-- END .header-very-top --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .header-middle --> <div class="header-middle"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="banner"> <div class="banner-block"> </div> </div> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <!-- END .header-middle --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .header-menu --> <div class="header-menu thisisfixed"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="logo-image"> <!--<h1></h1>--> <a href="https://statutes.laws.com"><img class="logo" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/logo.png" alt="Statutes" /></a> </div> <ul class="menu main-menu" ><li id="menu-item-148" class="normal-drop no-description menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-1" style="background:#264C84; color:#264C84; "><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149" class="normal-drop no-description menu_red menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-150" class="normal-drop no-description menu_green menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-152" class="normal-drop no-description menu_boldred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-151" class="normal-drop no-description menu_blue menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <!-- END .header-menu --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .header-undermenu --> <div class="header-undermenu"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="clear-float"></div> </div> <!-- END .header-undermenu --> </div> <!-- Begin add search bar --> <br /> <div class="wrapper"> <!-- add search bar - Peter - May 2015 --> <style> .input-txt-bigger{background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-txt-bigger.jpg) no-repeat;width:100%;height:30px;color:#5a8bb7;padding:0px 10px;padding:6px 10px\9;float:left;border:0px;font-size:16px} .input-btn{background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-btn-blue.png) no-repeat;width:100%;height:30px;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;margin-left:10px;text-align:center;float:left;border:0px;cursor:pointer} </style> <form action="https://laws.com/searchresults" method="get"> <input type="text" id="qucik-key" name="sname" value="Search Laws" onfocus="if(this.value=='Search Laws' || this.value=='') this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='Search Laws';" class="input-txt-bigger" style="background:none;border:2px solid #1661B2;width:75%;height:55px;font-size:30px;font-weight:bold" /> <input type="submit" class="input-btn" value="SEARCH" style="width:167px;height:55px;font-size:20px;background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-btn-blue-big.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent" /> </form> <!-- End add search bar - Peter - May 2015 --> </div> <div style="height: 70px;"></div> <!-- Begin add search bar --> <!-- END .header --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .content --> <div class="content"> <!-- BEGIN .wrapper --> <div class="wrapper"> <!-- BEGIN .main-content-left --> <div class="main-content-left"> <div class="social-icons-float"> <span class="soc-header">Share</span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://statutes.laws.com/test/" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" class="social-button ot-share" style="background:#495fbd;"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><font>Share</font></a> </span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="#" data-hashtags="" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" data-via="" data-text="State Codes and Statutes" class="social-button ot-tweet" style="background:#43bedd;"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><font>Tweet</font></a> </span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count">0<span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://statutes.laws.com/test/" class="social-button ot-pluss" style="background:#df6149;"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i><font>+1</font></a> </span> <span class="social-icon"> <span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow">&nbsp;</span></span> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://statutes.laws.com/test/&title=State Codes and Statutes" class="social-button ot-link" style="background:#264c84;" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><font>Share</font></a> </span> </div> <!-- 27.04.15 - BEGIN box search --> <!-- Adding the ads for legal-forms - Peter - 27-4-2015 --> <!-- End Adding the ads for legal-forms - Peter - 27-4-2015 --> <!-- 27.04.15 - END box search --> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="content-article-title"> <h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2> <div class="right-title-side"> <br/> <a href="https://statutes.laws.com"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>Back To Homepage</a> </div> </div> <div class="main-article-content"> <!-- BEGIN .shortcode-content --> <div class="shortcode-content"> <h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2> <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/'>Statutes</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota'>North-dakota</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t43'>T43</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t43/t43c32'>T43c32</a><br><br><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t43/pdf/t43c32.pdf">Download pdf</a><br><div id="embed_document" style="width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;">Loading PDF...</div><script type="text/javascript"> var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t43/pdf/t43c32.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $("#embed_document"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('<embed src="'+pdf_url+'" width="100%" height="100%"></embed>'); } else { embedwindow.html('<iframe style="width:100%; height:100%;" src="https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'&embedded=true" frameborder="0"></iframe>'); } });</script><br><br><noframes>CHAPTER 43-32PSYCHOLOGISTS43-32-01. Definitions.1.&quot;Board&quot; means the North Dakota state board of psychologist examiners.2.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychologist&quot; means an individual who is licensed under<br>this chapter to engage in the practice of industrial-organizational psychology.3.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychology&quot; means the provision of psychological research<br>services or consultation services to a group or an organization. The term does not<br>include the delivery or supervision of services to individuals who are themselves,<br>rather than the group or organization, the intended beneficiaries of the services,<br>regardless of the source or extent of payment for services rendered.4.&quot;Industrial-organizational psychology resident&quot; means an individual who has met the<br>requirement of subdivision b of subsection 2 of section 43-32-20, is involved in<br>supervised employment in industrial-organizational psychology, and has registered<br>with the board.5.&quot;Licensee&quot; means an industrial-organizational psychologist or a psychologist.6.&quot;Practiceofpsychology&quot;meanstheobservation,description,evaluation,interpretation, or modification of human behavior by the application of psychological<br>principles, methods, and procedures for the purpose of preventing or eliminating<br>symptomatic, maladaptive, or undesired behavior and enhancing interpersonal<br>relationships, work and life adjustment, personal effectiveness, behavioral health,<br>and mental health. The term includes psychological testing and the evaluation or<br>assessment of personal characteristics, such as intelligence, personality, abilities,<br>interests, aptitudes, and neuropsychological functioning; counseling, psychotherapy,<br>biofeedback, behavior analysis and therapy, clinical applications of hypnosis, and<br>other therapeutic techniques based on psychological principles; diagnosis and<br>treatment of mental and emotional disorder or disability, compulsive disorders,<br>disorders of habit or conduct as well as of the psychological aspects of physical<br>illness, accident, injury, or disability; and psychoeducational evaluation, therapy,<br>remediation, and consultation. The term includes providing psychological services<br>to individuals, families, groups, organizations, institutions, and the public regardless<br>of whether payment is received for services rendered.The term includessupervising others who are engaged in the practice of psychology.7.&quot;Psychologist&quot; means an individual who is licensed under this chapter in the practice<br>of psychology.8.&quot;Psychology resident&quot; means an individual who has met the requirement of<br>subdivision b of subsection 1 of section 43-32-20, is involved in supervised<br>psychological employment, and has registered with the board.9.&quot;School or college&quot; means any university or other institution of higher learning which<br>is accredited by a regional accrediting association, offering a full-time graduate<br>course of study in industrial-organizational psychology or psychology.43-32-02. State board of psychologist examiners - How appointed - Qualifications.The governor shall appoint a state board of psychologist examiners consisting of five members.<br>At least one member must be engaged primarily in providing service in psychology, and at least<br>one member must be engaged primarily in teaching, training, or research in psychology. Each<br>member must:Page No. 11.Be a resident of this state.2.Be a psychologist licensed under this chapter.3.Have received a doctorate degree in psychology from a school or college at least<br>five years before appointment.4.Have actively engaged in the practice of teaching or research of psychology for at<br>least five years.43-32-03. Tenure of members - Vacancies and oath of office. The term of office ofeach member of the board is three years and until a successor is appointed and qualified. The<br>governor shall fill all vacancies by appointment. In case of a vacancy before the expiration of a<br>term, the appointment must be for the remainder of the term only. An individual appointed to the<br>board qualifies by taking the oath required of civil officers.43-32-04. Removal of members. The governor may remove any member of the boardfor unprofessional conduct, incompetency, or neglect of duty after giving such member a written<br>statement of the reasons for removal and after such member has had an opportunity to be heard<br>thereon.43-32-05. Compensation of members - Expenses of board and members.Eachmember of the board serves without compensation, but is entitled to receive mileage and travel<br>expenses while engaged in the performance of board duties as provided in section 54-06-09.<br>The secretary of the board is entitled to receive salary or other compensation and allowance for<br>clerical and other expenses of the board, as the board determines.43-32-06. Officers of the board. The board shall elect annually a president and vicepresident from its own number and a secretary who need not be a member of the board.43-32-06.1.Authority to appoint or employ.The board may appoint or employpersons to assist the board in carrying out its duties under this chapter.43-32-07. Meetings of board - Seal of board. The board shall hold at least one regularmeeting each year. Additional meetings may be held upon call of the president or at the written<br>request of the governor or of any two members of the board. The meetings must be held at such<br>places as the board may designate. The board must have a seal.43-32-08. Rules. The board may adopt rules as necessary to enable the board to carryinto effect the provisions of this chapter. The rules may include a code of ethics for licensees.<br>The board shall adopt rules defining what programs of study are substantially psychological in<br>nature; what educational programs are acceptable for the licensing of psychologists; and what<br>educational programs are acceptable for the licensing of industrial-organizational psychologists.<br>The educational program rules for industrial-organizational psychologists must take into account<br>the availability of professionally accredited programs in the field of industrial-organizational<br>psychology.43-32-08.1.Continuing education requirements.The board shall adopt rulesestablishing requirements for the continuing education of licensees, psychology residents, and<br>industrial-organizational psychology residents.The board may refuse to renew, suspend,revoke, or place on probationary status any license issued under this chapter if the licensee fails<br>to meet applicable continuing education requirements. Applicants for accreditation of continuing<br>education courses, classes, or activities may be charged a reasonable fee determined by the<br>board.43-32-08.2.Continuing education requirements - Renewal.Absent a showing ofgood cause, the board may not renew a license issued under this chapter without proof the<br>continuing education requirements under section 43-32-08.1 have been met.An individualwhose license is not renewed because of failure to meet the continuing education requirementsPage No. 2must be reinstated and the license renewed if, within one year from the date of nonrenewal, the<br>individual demonstrates to the secretary of the board the continuing education requirements have<br>been satisfied, pays the renewal fee, and pays a late fee to be determined by rule of the board.43-32-09. Examination of qualifications of applicants. The board shall examine for,deny, approve, revoke, suspend, and renew the licensing of applicants as provided under this<br>chapter.43-32-10.Power of board to administer oaths - Conduct hearings - Summonwitnesses - Take testimony. The members of the board and the secretary may administer<br>oaths. The board may summon witnesses as provided in chapter 28-32 and take testimony in all<br>matters relating to its duties, including the enforcement of the provisions and purposes of this<br>chapter and the rules adopted by the board.43-32-11. Annual reports. Each year, the board may transmit to the governor, with acopy thereof to the secretary of state and to the North Dakota psychological association, a full<br>report of all activities under this chapter, together with a report of all receipts and disbursements.43-32-12. Application and license fee. The board shall adopt rules establishing theamount of the application fee for licensure by written and oral examination and by reciprocity. A<br>fee is not refundable, in whole or in part, except for failure of the board to hold examinations at<br>the time originally announced, in which event the entire fee must be refunded upon demand by<br>the applicant.43-32-13. Annual license and fee. Before January first of each year, every licenseeshall pay to the secretary of the board an annual license fee determined by the board not to<br>exceed one hundred fifty dollars. The secretary of the board, upon receipt of payment of the<br>annual license fee, shall issue the licensee a certificate of annual license. An individual may not<br>hold out as an industrial-organizational psychologist or a psychologist until the annual license fee<br>is paid. The board may deny renewal of the license of an individual who violates this section.<br>Annually, the board shall mail a renewal notice to each licensee at the address on file with the<br>board.43-32-14. Payment of delinquent license fees - Reinstatement. An individual whoselicense issued under this chapter was revoked for failure to pay the annual license fee must be<br>reinstated and the license renewed if, within one year from the date of revocation, the individual<br>pays to the secretary of the board the amount of the annual license fees in default and a late fee<br>in the amount of twenty dollars.43-32-15. Deposit and disbursement of fees. Repealed by S.L. 1971, ch. 510, <!-- END .shortcode-content --> </div> </div> <!-- END .main-content-left --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .main-content-right --> <div class="main-content-right"> <!-- BEGIN .main-nosplit --> <div class="main-nosplit"> <!--<div class="widget-0 first panel"> <h3>Advertising</h3> <script type="text/javascript"> /* var rkbspt = document.createElement('script'); rkbspt.type = 'text/javascript'; rkbspt.src = 'https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/getads.js'; var rkbscpt = document.querySelector('.widget-0.panel').appendChild(rkbspt); rkbscpt.onload = function(){ aax_getad_mpb({ "slot_uuid":"557c365d-8984-4710-a63b-62d1baabc10e" }); }; */ </script> <script id="mNCC" language="javascript"> medianet_width = "336"; medianet_height = "280"; medianet_crid = "436333511"; medianet_versionId = "3111299"; </script> <script src="//contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC4DD64"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250"; e9.noAd = 1; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/BTF/tags.js"></script> </div>--> <div class="widget_text widget-1 first panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250,300x600"; e9.noAd = 1; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div><div class="widget-2 panel"><div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="menu-top-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-154 custom-class-1"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-155 custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-156 custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-157 custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-158 custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul></div></div><div class="widget_text widget-3 panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250,300x600"; e9.noAd = 1; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div><div class="widget_text widget-4 last panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "300x250,300x600"; e9.noAd = 1; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div> <!-- END .main-nosplit --> </div> <!-- END .main-content-right --> </div> <div class="clear-float"></div> <!-- END .wrapper --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .content --> </div> <!-- BEGIN .footer --> <div class="footer"> <!-- BEGIN .wrapper --> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="banner-block"> <!-- <a href="http://www.orange-themes.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/banner-468x60.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a>--> </div> <!-- Disable breaking news slider - Peter - 7 Apr 2015 --> <!-- BEGIN .footer-content --> <div class="footer-content"> <div class="footer-menu"> <ul class="load-responsive" rel="Footer Menu"><li id="menu-item-148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-148 custom-class-1"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-149" class="menu_red menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-149 custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-150" class="menu_green menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-150 custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li> <li id="menu-item-152" class="menu_boldred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-152 custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-151" class="menu_blue menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151 custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="left"> <ul> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/alabama-forms">Alabama Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/alaska-forms">Alaska Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/arizona-forms">Arizona Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/arkansas-forms">Arkansas Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/california-forms">California Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/colorado-forms">Colorado Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/connecticut-forms">Connecticut Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/district-of-columbia-forms">District Of Columbia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/delaware-forms">Delaware Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/florida-forms">Florida Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/georgia-forms">Georgia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/idaho-forms">Idaho Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/hawaii-forms">Hawaii Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/illinois-forms">Illinois Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/indiana-forms">Indiana Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/iowa-forms">Iowa Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/kansas-forms">Kansas Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/kentucky-forms">Kentucky Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/louisiana-forms">Louisiana Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/maine-forms">Maine Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/maryland-forms">Maryland Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/massachusetts-forms">Massachusetts Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/michigan-forms">Michigan Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/minnesota-forms">Minnesota Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/mississippi-forms">Mississippi Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/missouri-forms">Missouri Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/montana-forms">Montana Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/nebraska-forms">Nebraska Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/nevada-forms">Nevada Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-hampshire-forms">New Hampshire Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-jersey-forms">New Jersey Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-mexico-forms">New Mexico Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-york-forms">New York Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/north-carolina-forms">North Carolina Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/north-dakota-forms">North Dakota Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/ohio-forms">Ohio Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/oklahoma-forms">Oklahoma Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/oregon-forms">Oregon Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/pennsylvania-forms">Pennsylvania Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/rhode-island-forms">Rhode Island Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/south-carolina-forms">South Carolina Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/south-dakota-forms">South Dakota Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/tennessee-forms">Tennessee Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/texas-forms">Texas Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/utah-forms">Utah Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/vermont-forms">Vermont Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/virginia-forms">Virginia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/washington-forms">Washington Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/west-virginia-forms">West Virginia Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/wisconsin-forms">Wisconsin Forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/wyoming-forms">Wyoming Forms</a></li> </ul> <div> <ul> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/alabama">Alabama Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/alaska">Alaska Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/arizona">Arizona Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/arkansas">Arkansas Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/california">California Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/connecticut">Connecticut Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/delaware">Delaware Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/district-of-columbia">District of Columbia Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/florida">Florida Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/georgia">Georgia Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/hawaii">Hawaii Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/idaho">Idaho Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/illinois">Illinois Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/indiana">Indiana Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/iowa">Iowa Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/kansas">Kansas Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/kentucky">Kentucky Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/louisiana">Louisiana Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/maine">Maine Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/maryland">Maryland Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/massachusetts">Massachusetts Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/michigan">Michigan Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/minnesota">Minnesota Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/mississippi">Mississippi Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/missouri">Missouri Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/montana">Montana Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/nebraska">Nebraska Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/nevada">Nevada Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-hampshire">New Hampshire Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-jersey">New Jersey Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-mexico">New Mexico Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-york">New York Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/north-carolina">North Carolina Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota">North Dakota Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/ohio">Ohio Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/oklahoma">Oklahoma Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/oregon">Oregon Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/rhode-island">Rhode Island Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/south-carolina">South Carolina Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/south-dakota">South Dakota Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/tennessee">Tennessee Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/texas">Texas Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/utah">Utah Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/vermont">Vermont Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/washington">Washington Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/west-virginia">West Virginia Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/wisconsin">Wisconsin Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/wyoming">Wyoming Codes &amp; Statutes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> </center><br> <div class="footer-menu"> <ul class="load-responsive" rel="Footer Menu"><li id="menu-item-34164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34164"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/about">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34165" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34165"><a href="https://marketing.laws.com">Lawyer Marketing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34166"><a href="https://advertising.laws.com/">Advertise on Laws.com</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34167"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34168"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/TermsOfUse">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34169"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34170"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/AdvertisingPolicy">Advertising Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <strong>Disclaimer</strong> <br>There is no confidential attorney-client relationship formed by using Laws.com website and information provided on this site is not legal advice. For legal advice, please contact your attorney. Attorneys listed on this website are not referred or endorsed by this website. By using Laws.com you agree to Laws.com Terms Of Use.<br> Copyright © 2017 Laws.com | All rights reserved </div> <!--<div class="right">Designed by <a href="https://laws.com" target="_blank">Laws.com</a></div>--> <div class="clear-float"></div> <!-- END .footer-content --> </div> <!-- END .wrapper --> </div> <!-- END .footer --> </div> <!-- END .boxed --> </div> <div class="lightbox"> <div class="lightcontent-loading"> <h2 class="light-title">Loading..</h2> <a href="#" onclick="javascript:lightboxclose();" class="light-close"><i class="fa fa-times"></i>Close Window</a> <div class="loading-box"> <h3>Loading, Please Wait!</h3> <span>This may take a second or two.</span> <span class="loading-image"><img src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/loading.gif" title="" alt="" /></span> </div> </div> <div class="lightcontent"></div> </div> <script> window.RS_MODULES = window.RS_MODULES || {}; window.RS_MODULES.modules = window.RS_MODULES.modules || {}; window.RS_MODULES.waiting = window.RS_MODULES.waiting || []; window.RS_MODULES.defered = true; window.RS_MODULES.moduleWaiting = window.RS_MODULES.moduleWaiting || {}; window.RS_MODULES.type = 'compiled'; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rs-plugin-settings-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/css/rs6.css?ver=6.6.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='rs-plugin-settings-inline-css' type='text/css'> #rs-demo-id {} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpil-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpilFrontend = {"ajaxUrl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","postId":"19","postType":"post","openInternalInNewTab":"1","openExternalInNewTab":"1","disableClicks":"0","openLinksWithJS":"0","trackAllElementClicks":"0","clicksI18n":{"imageNoText":"Image in link: No Text","imageText":"Image Title: ","noText":"No Anchor Text Found"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/link-whisper-premium/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1708797351" id="wpil-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rbtools.min.js?ver=6.6.11" defer async id="tp-tools-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rs6.min.js?ver=6.6.11" defer async id="revmin-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-effects-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-slide.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-effects-slide-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/admin/jquery.c00kie.js?ver=1.0" id="cookies-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.floating_popup.1.3.min.js?ver=1.0" id="banner-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/theme-scripts.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.event.move.js?ver=1.3.1" id="move-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.event.swipe.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="swipe-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/lib/bower/isotope/dist/isotope.pkgd.min.js?ver=7.5" id="isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.infinitescroll.min.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="infinitescroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/lightbox.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="lightbox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/iscroll.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="iscroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/ot_gallery.js?ver=1.0" id="ot-gallery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/scripts.js?ver=1.0" id="ot-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/legatus.js?ver=1.0.0" id="scripts-wp-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="toc-front-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/front.min.js?ver=2309" id="toc-front-js"></script> <script></script> <!-- END body --> </body> <!-- END html --> </html>