It is the legislative intent to provide for the incorporation of an individual, or group of individuals who render the same
professional service to the public, for which such individuals are required by law to be licensed or to obtain other legal
authorization.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 601; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 602. Short title.
This chapter may be cited as "The Professional Service Corporation Act."
8 Del. C. 1953, § 602; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 603. Definitions.
As used in this chapter the following words shall have the meaning indicated:
(1) The term "professional service" shall mean any type of personal service to the public which requires as a condition precedent
to the rendering of the service the obtaining of a license or other legal authorization, and which, by reason of law, prior
to June 7, 1969, could not be performed by a corporation. In addition, and by way of example without limiting the generality
thereof, the personal services which come within this chapter are the personal services rendered by architects, certified
or other public accountants, chiropodists, chiropractors, doctors of dentistry, doctors of medicine, optometrists, osteopaths,
professional engineers, veterinarians, and, subject to the Rules of the Supreme Court, attorneys-at-law.
(2) The term "professional corporation" means a corporation which is organized, under this chapter, for the sole and specific
purpose of rendering professional service, and which has as its shareholders only individuals who themselves are duly licensed
or otherwise legally authorized within this State to render the same professional service as the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 603; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 604. Exemptions.
This chapter shall not apply to any individual or groups of individuals within this State who, prior to June 7, 1969, were
permitted to organize a corporation and perform personal services to the public by the means of a corporation, and this chapter
shall not apply to any corporations organized by any individual or group of individuals prior to June 7, 1969, unless, any
such individual, or group of individuals, or any such corporation bring themselves and such corporation within this chapter
by amending the certificate of incorporation, in a manner so as to be consistent with all the provisions of this chapter,
and by affirmatively stating in the amended certificate of incorporation that the shareholders have elected to bring the corporation
within this chapter, or be incorporated initially under this chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 604; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 605. Authority to organize; law governing.
One or more persons, each of whom is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services
within this State, may organize and become a shareholder or shareholders of a professional corporation for pecuniary profit,
under this title, for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the same professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 605; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 606. Number of directors; officers.
A professional corporation which has only 1 shareholder need have only 1 director, who shall be the shareholder. The 1 shareholder
shall also serve as the president of the corporation. The other officers of the corporation, in such a case, need not be licensed
or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service within this State, as the 1 shareholder. A professional
corporation which has only 2 shareholders need have only 2 directors who shall be such shareholders. The 2 shareholders shall,
between them, fill all the offices of the professional corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 606; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 607. Rendition of professional services through licensed officers, employees and agents.
No corporation organized and incorporated under this chapter, may render professional services except through its officers,
employees and agents who are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render such professional services within this
State; provided, however, this provision shall not be interpreted to include in the term "employee" as used in this chapter,
clerks, secretaries, nurses, administrators, bookkeepers, technicians and other assistants who are not usually and ordinarily
considered by law, custom and practice to be rendering professional services to the public for which a license, or other legal
authorization, is required in connection with the profession to be practiced, nor does the term "employee" include any other
person who performs all of such person's employment under the direct supervision and control of an officer, employee or agent
who renders professional service to the public on behalf of the professional corporation; provided that, no person shall,
under the guise of employment, practice a profession unless duly licensed to practice that profession under the laws of this
State. Notwithstanding any other or contrary provisions of the laws of this State, a professional corporation, organized under
this chapter, may charge for the services of its officers, employees and agents, may collect such charges, and may compensate
those who render such professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 607; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 108.;
§ 608. Chapter not to affect professional relationship; legal liabilities and standards for professional conduct; negligence;
attachment of assets.
Nothing contained in this chapter shall be interpreted to abolish, repeal, modify, restrict or limit the law now in effect
in this State, applicable to the professional relationship and the contract, tort, and other legal liabilities between the
person furnishing the professional services and the person receiving the professional service, and to the standards for professional
conduct, including the confidential relationship between the person rendering the professional services and the person receiving
such professional service, if any; and all confidential relationships previously enjoyed under the laws of this State or hereafter
enacted shall remain inviolate. Any officer, employee, agent or shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter,
shall remain personally and fully liable and accountable for any negligent, wrongful acts, or misconduct committed by such
person, or by any person under such person's direct supervision and control, while rendering professional service on behalf
of the corporation to the person for whom such professional services were being rendered. The corporation shall be liable
up to the full value of its property for any negligent, wrongful acts, or misconduct committed by any of its officers, employees,
agents or shareholders while they are engaged in behalf of the corporation in the rendering of professional services. The
assets of a professional corporation shall not be liable to attachment for the individual debts of its shareholders. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the relationship of an individual to a professional corporation, organized under this chapter, with which such
individual is or may be associated, whether as officer, employee, agent, or shareholder director, shall in no way modify,
extend, or diminish the jurisdiction over such individual, of and by whatever state agency, or office which licensed or otherwise
legally authorized such person for or to render service in a particular field of endeavor.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 608; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 109.;
§ 609. Engaging in other business prohibited.
No corporation organized under this chapter shall engage in any business other than the rendering of the professional services
for which it was specifically incorporated; provided, however, nothing in this chapter or in any other provisions of existing
law applicable to corporations shall be interpreted to prohibit such corporation from investing its funds in real estate,
mortgages, stocks, bonds, or any other type of investments, or from owning real or personal property necessary for, or appropriate
or desirable in, the fulfillment or rendering of its professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 609; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 610. Issuance of capital stock to licensed individuals; voting trust agreements prohibited; holding of stock by shareholder's
estate.
No corporation, organized under this chapter, may issue any of its capital stock to anyone other than an individual who is
duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same specific professional services as those for which the corporation
was incorporated. No shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, shall enter into a voting trust agreement,
proxy, or any other type of agreement vesting another person with the authority to exercise the voting power of any or all
of such shareholder's stock. Subject to the corporation's certificate of incorporation, the estate of a shareholder who was
a person duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as that for which the professional
corporation was organized may continue to hold stock pursuant to the certificate of incorporation for a reasonable period
of administration of the estate, but shall not be authorized to participate in any decisions concerning the rendering of professional
service.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 610; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 110.;
§ 611. Disqualification of officer, shareholder, agent or employee.
If any officer, employee, agent or shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, becomes legally disqualified
to render such professional services within this State, or either (a) is elected to a public office that, or (b) accepts employment
that, pursuant to existing law, places restrictions or limitations upon such person's continued rendering of such professional
services, such person shall sever all employment with, and financial interests in, the corporation, forthwith. A corporation's
failure to require compliance with this provision shall constitute a ground for the forfeiture of its charter and its dissolution.
When a corporation's failure to comply with this provision is brought to the attention of the office of the Secretary of State,
the Secretary of State shall forthwith certify that fact to the Attorney General for appropriate action to dissolve the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 611; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 64 Del. Laws, c. 112, § 70; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 111.;
§ 612. Sale or transfer of shares.
Except as provided in § 616 of this title, no shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, may sell or transfer
such shareholder's shares in the corporation, except to the corporation, or to another individual who is eligible to be a
shareholder of such corporation, and the sale or transfer may be made only after the same shall have been approved, at a stockholders'
meeting specially called for such purpose, or at an annual meeting with 10 days' notice of such additional purpose, by such
proportion, not less than a majority, of the outstanding stock entitled to be voted on that question as may be provided in
the certificate of incorporation or in the bylaws. At such shareholders' meeting the shares of stock held by the shareholder
proposing to sell or transfer such shareholder's shares may not be voted or counted for any purpose. The certificate of incorporation
may provide specifically for additional restraints on the alienation of shares, and may require the redemption or purchase
of such shares by the corporation at prices and in a specific manner, or authorize the corporation's board of directors or
its shareholders to adopt bylaws restraining the alienation of shares and providing for the purchase or redemption by the
corporation of its shares; provided, however, such provisions, dealing with the purchase or redemption by the corporation
of its shares, may not be invoked at a time or in a manner that would impair the capital of the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 612; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 112.;
§ 613. Price for shares.
If the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of a professional corporation fail to fix a price at which a professional corporation
or its shareholders may purchase the shares of a deceased, retired, expelled or disqualified shareholder, and if the certificate
of incorporation or bylaws do not otherwise provide, then the price for the share or shares shall be the book value at the
end of the month immediately preceding the death or disqualification of the shareholder. Book value shall be determined by
an independent certified public accountant employed by the professional corporation. The determination by the certified public
accountant of book value shall be conclusive on the professional corporation and its shareholders.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 613; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 614. Perpetual corporate existence.
A corporation under this chapter shall have perpetual existence until dissolved in accordance with other provisions of this
chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 614; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 615. Conversion into business corporation.
Whenever all shareholders of a corporation, licensed under this chapter, cease at any time, and for any reason, to be licensed,
certified or registered in the particular field of endeavor for which such corporation was organized, the corporation shall
thereupon be treated as converted into and shall operate henceforth solely as a business corporation under applicable provisions
of Chapter 1 of this title, exclusive of this chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 615; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 616. Time for transfer of shares upon death or disqualification.
Within 375 days following the date of death of a shareholder, or within 30 days following such shareholder's disqualification
to own shares in the corporation, as provided in this chapter, all of the shares of such shareholder shall be transferred
to, and acquired by, the corporation or persons qualified to own such shares. If no other provision to accomplish such transfer
and acquisition is in effect and carried out within said period, the corporation shall thereafter purchase and redeem all
of such shareholder's shares of its stock at the book value thereof, determined as of the end of the month immediately preceding
death or disqualification. For this purpose, the book value shall be determined from the books and records of the corporation
in accordance with the regular methods of accounting used by it for the purposes of determining its net taxable income for
federal income tax purposes; and no subsequent adjustment of such income, whether by the corporation itself, by federal income
tax audit made and agreed to, or by a court decision which has become final, shall alter the redemption price. Nothing contained
in this section shall prevent the parties involved from making any other arrangement or provision in the certificate of incorporation,
bylaws, or by contract to transfer the shares of a deceased or disqualified shareholder to the corporation or to persons qualified
to own the same, whether made before or after the death or disqualification of the shareholder, provided that within the period
specified by this section, all the stock involved shall have been so transferred.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 616; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 113.;
§ 617. Corporate name.
The corporate name of a corporation organized under this chapter shall contain either a word or words descriptive of the professional
service to be rendered by the corporation or shall contain the last names of 1 or more of its present, prospective or former
shareholders or of persons who were associated with a predecessor person, partnership, corporation or other organization or
whose name or names appeared in the name of such predecessor organization. The corporate name shall also contain the words
"chartered" or "professional association" or abbreviation "P.A." The use of the word "company," "corporation" or "incorporated"
or any other word, words, abbreviations, affix or prefix indicating that it is a corporation, in the corporate name of a corporation
organized under this chapter, is specifically prohibited. However, it shall be permissible for the professional service corporation
and its shareholders to render professional services and to exercise the corporation's authorized powers under a name which
is identical to its corporate name except for the omission of the words "chartered" or "professional association" or the omission
of the abbreviation "P.A."
8 Del. C. 1953, § 617; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 61 Del. Laws, c. 357, § 1.;
§ 618. Applicability of General Corporation Law; consolidation or merger of corporations; annual report.
This title shall be applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter, except to the extent that any of the provisions
of this chapter are interpreted to be in conflict with the provisions of this title, and in such event the provisions and
sections of this chapter shall take precedence with respect to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter. A professional
corporation, organized under this chapter, may consolidate or merge only with another professional corporation organized under
this chapter, empowered to render the same specific professional service; and a merger or consolidation with any foreign corporation
is prohibited. Sections 501-518 of this title shall be applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter; but
in addition to the information called for on the annual report of all corporations by those provisions, the annual report
of a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter shall certify that its shareholders, directors and officers listed on
such report are duly licensed, certified, registered or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional or other
personal service in this State.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 618; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 57 Del. Laws, c. 421, § 19.;
§ 619. Construction of chapter.
This chapter shall not be construed as repealing, modifying or restricting the applicable provisions of law relating to incorporations,
sales of securities, or regulating the several professions enumerated in this chapter, except insofar as such laws conflict
with this chapter.
It is the legislative intent to provide for the incorporation of an individual, or group of individuals who render the same
professional service to the public, for which such individuals are required by law to be licensed or to obtain other legal
authorization.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 601; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 602. Short title.
This chapter may be cited as "The Professional Service Corporation Act."
8 Del. C. 1953, § 602; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 603. Definitions.
As used in this chapter the following words shall have the meaning indicated:
(1) The term "professional service" shall mean any type of personal service to the public which requires as a condition precedent
to the rendering of the service the obtaining of a license or other legal authorization, and which, by reason of law, prior
to June 7, 1969, could not be performed by a corporation. In addition, and by way of example without limiting the generality
thereof, the personal services which come within this chapter are the personal services rendered by architects, certified
or other public accountants, chiropodists, chiropractors, doctors of dentistry, doctors of medicine, optometrists, osteopaths,
professional engineers, veterinarians, and, subject to the Rules of the Supreme Court, attorneys-at-law.
(2) The term "professional corporation" means a corporation which is organized, under this chapter, for the sole and specific
purpose of rendering professional service, and which has as its shareholders only individuals who themselves are duly licensed
or otherwise legally authorized within this State to render the same professional service as the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 603; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 604. Exemptions.
This chapter shall not apply to any individual or groups of individuals within this State who, prior to June 7, 1969, were
permitted to organize a corporation and perform personal services to the public by the means of a corporation, and this chapter
shall not apply to any corporations organized by any individual or group of individuals prior to June 7, 1969, unless, any
such individual, or group of individuals, or any such corporation bring themselves and such corporation within this chapter
by amending the certificate of incorporation, in a manner so as to be consistent with all the provisions of this chapter,
and by affirmatively stating in the amended certificate of incorporation that the shareholders have elected to bring the corporation
within this chapter, or be incorporated initially under this chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 604; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 605. Authority to organize; law governing.
One or more persons, each of whom is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services
within this State, may organize and become a shareholder or shareholders of a professional corporation for pecuniary profit,
under this title, for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the same professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 605; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 606. Number of directors; officers.
A professional corporation which has only 1 shareholder need have only 1 director, who shall be the shareholder. The 1 shareholder
shall also serve as the president of the corporation. The other officers of the corporation, in such a case, need not be licensed
or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service within this State, as the 1 shareholder. A professional
corporation which has only 2 shareholders need have only 2 directors who shall be such shareholders. The 2 shareholders shall,
between them, fill all the offices of the professional corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 606; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 607. Rendition of professional services through licensed officers, employees and agents.
No corporation organized and incorporated under this chapter, may render professional services except through its officers,
employees and agents who are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render such professional services within this
State; provided, however, this provision shall not be interpreted to include in the term "employee" as used in this chapter,
clerks, secretaries, nurses, administrators, bookkeepers, technicians and other assistants who are not usually and ordinarily
considered by law, custom and practice to be rendering professional services to the public for which a license, or other legal
authorization, is required in connection with the profession to be practiced, nor does the term "employee" include any other
person who performs all of such person's employment under the direct supervision and control of an officer, employee or agent
who renders professional service to the public on behalf of the professional corporation; provided that, no person shall,
under the guise of employment, practice a profession unless duly licensed to practice that profession under the laws of this
State. Notwithstanding any other or contrary provisions of the laws of this State, a professional corporation, organized under
this chapter, may charge for the services of its officers, employees and agents, may collect such charges, and may compensate
those who render such professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 607; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 108.;
§ 608. Chapter not to affect professional relationship; legal liabilities and standards for professional conduct; negligence;
attachment of assets.
Nothing contained in this chapter shall be interpreted to abolish, repeal, modify, restrict or limit the law now in effect
in this State, applicable to the professional relationship and the contract, tort, and other legal liabilities between the
person furnishing the professional services and the person receiving the professional service, and to the standards for professional
conduct, including the confidential relationship between the person rendering the professional services and the person receiving
such professional service, if any; and all confidential relationships previously enjoyed under the laws of this State or hereafter
enacted shall remain inviolate. Any officer, employee, agent or shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter,
shall remain personally and fully liable and accountable for any negligent, wrongful acts, or misconduct committed by such
person, or by any person under such person's direct supervision and control, while rendering professional service on behalf
of the corporation to the person for whom such professional services were being rendered. The corporation shall be liable
up to the full value of its property for any negligent, wrongful acts, or misconduct committed by any of its officers, employees,
agents or shareholders while they are engaged in behalf of the corporation in the rendering of professional services. The
assets of a professional corporation shall not be liable to attachment for the individual debts of its shareholders. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the relationship of an individual to a professional corporation, organized under this chapter, with which such
individual is or may be associated, whether as officer, employee, agent, or shareholder director, shall in no way modify,
extend, or diminish the jurisdiction over such individual, of and by whatever state agency, or office which licensed or otherwise
legally authorized such person for or to render service in a particular field of endeavor.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 608; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 109.;
§ 609. Engaging in other business prohibited.
No corporation organized under this chapter shall engage in any business other than the rendering of the professional services
for which it was specifically incorporated; provided, however, nothing in this chapter or in any other provisions of existing
law applicable to corporations shall be interpreted to prohibit such corporation from investing its funds in real estate,
mortgages, stocks, bonds, or any other type of investments, or from owning real or personal property necessary for, or appropriate
or desirable in, the fulfillment or rendering of its professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 609; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 610. Issuance of capital stock to licensed individuals; voting trust agreements prohibited; holding of stock by shareholder's
estate.
No corporation, organized under this chapter, may issue any of its capital stock to anyone other than an individual who is
duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same specific professional services as those for which the corporation
was incorporated. No shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, shall enter into a voting trust agreement,
proxy, or any other type of agreement vesting another person with the authority to exercise the voting power of any or all
of such shareholder's stock. Subject to the corporation's certificate of incorporation, the estate of a shareholder who was
a person duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as that for which the professional
corporation was organized may continue to hold stock pursuant to the certificate of incorporation for a reasonable period
of administration of the estate, but shall not be authorized to participate in any decisions concerning the rendering of professional
service.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 610; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 110.;
§ 611. Disqualification of officer, shareholder, agent or employee.
If any officer, employee, agent or shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, becomes legally disqualified
to render such professional services within this State, or either (a) is elected to a public office that, or (b) accepts employment
that, pursuant to existing law, places restrictions or limitations upon such person's continued rendering of such professional
services, such person shall sever all employment with, and financial interests in, the corporation, forthwith. A corporation's
failure to require compliance with this provision shall constitute a ground for the forfeiture of its charter and its dissolution.
When a corporation's failure to comply with this provision is brought to the attention of the office of the Secretary of State,
the Secretary of State shall forthwith certify that fact to the Attorney General for appropriate action to dissolve the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 611; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 64 Del. Laws, c. 112, § 70; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 111.;
§ 612. Sale or transfer of shares.
Except as provided in § 616 of this title, no shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, may sell or transfer
such shareholder's shares in the corporation, except to the corporation, or to another individual who is eligible to be a
shareholder of such corporation, and the sale or transfer may be made only after the same shall have been approved, at a stockholders'
meeting specially called for such purpose, or at an annual meeting with 10 days' notice of such additional purpose, by such
proportion, not less than a majority, of the outstanding stock entitled to be voted on that question as may be provided in
the certificate of incorporation or in the bylaws. At such shareholders' meeting the shares of stock held by the shareholder
proposing to sell or transfer such shareholder's shares may not be voted or counted for any purpose. The certificate of incorporation
may provide specifically for additional restraints on the alienation of shares, and may require the redemption or purchase
of such shares by the corporation at prices and in a specific manner, or authorize the corporation's board of directors or
its shareholders to adopt bylaws restraining the alienation of shares and providing for the purchase or redemption by the
corporation of its shares; provided, however, such provisions, dealing with the purchase or redemption by the corporation
of its shares, may not be invoked at a time or in a manner that would impair the capital of the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 612; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 112.;
§ 613. Price for shares.
If the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of a professional corporation fail to fix a price at which a professional corporation
or its shareholders may purchase the shares of a deceased, retired, expelled or disqualified shareholder, and if the certificate
of incorporation or bylaws do not otherwise provide, then the price for the share or shares shall be the book value at the
end of the month immediately preceding the death or disqualification of the shareholder. Book value shall be determined by
an independent certified public accountant employed by the professional corporation. The determination by the certified public
accountant of book value shall be conclusive on the professional corporation and its shareholders.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 613; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 614. Perpetual corporate existence.
A corporation under this chapter shall have perpetual existence until dissolved in accordance with other provisions of this
chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 614; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 615. Conversion into business corporation.
Whenever all shareholders of a corporation, licensed under this chapter, cease at any time, and for any reason, to be licensed,
certified or registered in the particular field of endeavor for which such corporation was organized, the corporation shall
thereupon be treated as converted into and shall operate henceforth solely as a business corporation under applicable provisions
of Chapter 1 of this title, exclusive of this chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 615; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 616. Time for transfer of shares upon death or disqualification.
Within 375 days following the date of death of a shareholder, or within 30 days following such shareholder's disqualification
to own shares in the corporation, as provided in this chapter, all of the shares of such shareholder shall be transferred
to, and acquired by, the corporation or persons qualified to own such shares. If no other provision to accomplish such transfer
and acquisition is in effect and carried out within said period, the corporation shall thereafter purchase and redeem all
of such shareholder's shares of its stock at the book value thereof, determined as of the end of the month immediately preceding
death or disqualification. For this purpose, the book value shall be determined from the books and records of the corporation
in accordance with the regular methods of accounting used by it for the purposes of determining its net taxable income for
federal income tax purposes; and no subsequent adjustment of such income, whether by the corporation itself, by federal income
tax audit made and agreed to, or by a court decision which has become final, shall alter the redemption price. Nothing contained
in this section shall prevent the parties involved from making any other arrangement or provision in the certificate of incorporation,
bylaws, or by contract to transfer the shares of a deceased or disqualified shareholder to the corporation or to persons qualified
to own the same, whether made before or after the death or disqualification of the shareholder, provided that within the period
specified by this section, all the stock involved shall have been so transferred.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 616; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 113.;
§ 617. Corporate name.
The corporate name of a corporation organized under this chapter shall contain either a word or words descriptive of the professional
service to be rendered by the corporation or shall contain the last names of 1 or more of its present, prospective or former
shareholders or of persons who were associated with a predecessor person, partnership, corporation or other organization or
whose name or names appeared in the name of such predecessor organization. The corporate name shall also contain the words
"chartered" or "professional association" or abbreviation "P.A." The use of the word "company," "corporation" or "incorporated"
or any other word, words, abbreviations, affix or prefix indicating that it is a corporation, in the corporate name of a corporation
organized under this chapter, is specifically prohibited. However, it shall be permissible for the professional service corporation
and its shareholders to render professional services and to exercise the corporation's authorized powers under a name which
is identical to its corporate name except for the omission of the words "chartered" or "professional association" or the omission
of the abbreviation "P.A."
8 Del. C. 1953, § 617; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 61 Del. Laws, c. 357, § 1.;
§ 618. Applicability of General Corporation Law; consolidation or merger of corporations; annual report.
This title shall be applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter, except to the extent that any of the provisions
of this chapter are interpreted to be in conflict with the provisions of this title, and in such event the provisions and
sections of this chapter shall take precedence with respect to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter. A professional
corporation, organized under this chapter, may consolidate or merge only with another professional corporation organized under
this chapter, empowered to render the same specific professional service; and a merger or consolidation with any foreign corporation
is prohibited. Sections 501-518 of this title shall be applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter; but
in addition to the information called for on the annual report of all corporations by those provisions, the annual report
of a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter shall certify that its shareholders, directors and officers listed on
such report are duly licensed, certified, registered or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional or other
personal service in this State.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 618; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 57 Del. Laws, c. 421, § 19.;
§ 619. Construction of chapter.
This chapter shall not be construed as repealing, modifying or restricting the applicable provisions of law relating to incorporations,
sales of securities, or regulating the several professions enumerated in this chapter, except insofar as such laws conflict
with this chapter.
It is the legislative intent to provide for the incorporation of an individual, or group of individuals who render the same
professional service to the public, for which such individuals are required by law to be licensed or to obtain other legal
authorization.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 601; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 602. Short title.
This chapter may be cited as "The Professional Service Corporation Act."
8 Del. C. 1953, § 602; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 603. Definitions.
As used in this chapter the following words shall have the meaning indicated:
(1) The term "professional service" shall mean any type of personal service to the public which requires as a condition precedent
to the rendering of the service the obtaining of a license or other legal authorization, and which, by reason of law, prior
to June 7, 1969, could not be performed by a corporation. In addition, and by way of example without limiting the generality
thereof, the personal services which come within this chapter are the personal services rendered by architects, certified
or other public accountants, chiropodists, chiropractors, doctors of dentistry, doctors of medicine, optometrists, osteopaths,
professional engineers, veterinarians, and, subject to the Rules of the Supreme Court, attorneys-at-law.
(2) The term "professional corporation" means a corporation which is organized, under this chapter, for the sole and specific
purpose of rendering professional service, and which has as its shareholders only individuals who themselves are duly licensed
or otherwise legally authorized within this State to render the same professional service as the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 603; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 604. Exemptions.
This chapter shall not apply to any individual or groups of individuals within this State who, prior to June 7, 1969, were
permitted to organize a corporation and perform personal services to the public by the means of a corporation, and this chapter
shall not apply to any corporations organized by any individual or group of individuals prior to June 7, 1969, unless, any
such individual, or group of individuals, or any such corporation bring themselves and such corporation within this chapter
by amending the certificate of incorporation, in a manner so as to be consistent with all the provisions of this chapter,
and by affirmatively stating in the amended certificate of incorporation that the shareholders have elected to bring the corporation
within this chapter, or be incorporated initially under this chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 604; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 605. Authority to organize; law governing.
One or more persons, each of whom is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services
within this State, may organize and become a shareholder or shareholders of a professional corporation for pecuniary profit,
under this title, for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the same professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 605; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 606. Number of directors; officers.
A professional corporation which has only 1 shareholder need have only 1 director, who shall be the shareholder. The 1 shareholder
shall also serve as the president of the corporation. The other officers of the corporation, in such a case, need not be licensed
or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service within this State, as the 1 shareholder. A professional
corporation which has only 2 shareholders need have only 2 directors who shall be such shareholders. The 2 shareholders shall,
between them, fill all the offices of the professional corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 606; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 607. Rendition of professional services through licensed officers, employees and agents.
No corporation organized and incorporated under this chapter, may render professional services except through its officers,
employees and agents who are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render such professional services within this
State; provided, however, this provision shall not be interpreted to include in the term "employee" as used in this chapter,
clerks, secretaries, nurses, administrators, bookkeepers, technicians and other assistants who are not usually and ordinarily
considered by law, custom and practice to be rendering professional services to the public for which a license, or other legal
authorization, is required in connection with the profession to be practiced, nor does the term "employee" include any other
person who performs all of such person's employment under the direct supervision and control of an officer, employee or agent
who renders professional service to the public on behalf of the professional corporation; provided that, no person shall,
under the guise of employment, practice a profession unless duly licensed to practice that profession under the laws of this
State. Notwithstanding any other or contrary provisions of the laws of this State, a professional corporation, organized under
this chapter, may charge for the services of its officers, employees and agents, may collect such charges, and may compensate
those who render such professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 607; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 108.;
§ 608. Chapter not to affect professional relationship; legal liabilities and standards for professional conduct; negligence;
attachment of assets.
Nothing contained in this chapter shall be interpreted to abolish, repeal, modify, restrict or limit the law now in effect
in this State, applicable to the professional relationship and the contract, tort, and other legal liabilities between the
person furnishing the professional services and the person receiving the professional service, and to the standards for professional
conduct, including the confidential relationship between the person rendering the professional services and the person receiving
such professional service, if any; and all confidential relationships previously enjoyed under the laws of this State or hereafter
enacted shall remain inviolate. Any officer, employee, agent or shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter,
shall remain personally and fully liable and accountable for any negligent, wrongful acts, or misconduct committed by such
person, or by any person under such person's direct supervision and control, while rendering professional service on behalf
of the corporation to the person for whom such professional services were being rendered. The corporation shall be liable
up to the full value of its property for any negligent, wrongful acts, or misconduct committed by any of its officers, employees,
agents or shareholders while they are engaged in behalf of the corporation in the rendering of professional services. The
assets of a professional corporation shall not be liable to attachment for the individual debts of its shareholders. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the relationship of an individual to a professional corporation, organized under this chapter, with which such
individual is or may be associated, whether as officer, employee, agent, or shareholder director, shall in no way modify,
extend, or diminish the jurisdiction over such individual, of and by whatever state agency, or office which licensed or otherwise
legally authorized such person for or to render service in a particular field of endeavor.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 608; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 109.;
§ 609. Engaging in other business prohibited.
No corporation organized under this chapter shall engage in any business other than the rendering of the professional services
for which it was specifically incorporated; provided, however, nothing in this chapter or in any other provisions of existing
law applicable to corporations shall be interpreted to prohibit such corporation from investing its funds in real estate,
mortgages, stocks, bonds, or any other type of investments, or from owning real or personal property necessary for, or appropriate
or desirable in, the fulfillment or rendering of its professional services.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 609; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 610. Issuance of capital stock to licensed individuals; voting trust agreements prohibited; holding of stock by shareholder's
estate.
No corporation, organized under this chapter, may issue any of its capital stock to anyone other than an individual who is
duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same specific professional services as those for which the corporation
was incorporated. No shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, shall enter into a voting trust agreement,
proxy, or any other type of agreement vesting another person with the authority to exercise the voting power of any or all
of such shareholder's stock. Subject to the corporation's certificate of incorporation, the estate of a shareholder who was
a person duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as that for which the professional
corporation was organized may continue to hold stock pursuant to the certificate of incorporation for a reasonable period
of administration of the estate, but shall not be authorized to participate in any decisions concerning the rendering of professional
service.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 610; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 110.;
§ 611. Disqualification of officer, shareholder, agent or employee.
If any officer, employee, agent or shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, becomes legally disqualified
to render such professional services within this State, or either (a) is elected to a public office that, or (b) accepts employment
that, pursuant to existing law, places restrictions or limitations upon such person's continued rendering of such professional
services, such person shall sever all employment with, and financial interests in, the corporation, forthwith. A corporation's
failure to require compliance with this provision shall constitute a ground for the forfeiture of its charter and its dissolution.
When a corporation's failure to comply with this provision is brought to the attention of the office of the Secretary of State,
the Secretary of State shall forthwith certify that fact to the Attorney General for appropriate action to dissolve the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 611; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 64 Del. Laws, c. 112, § 70; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 111.;
§ 612. Sale or transfer of shares.
Except as provided in § 616 of this title, no shareholder of a corporation, organized under this chapter, may sell or transfer
such shareholder's shares in the corporation, except to the corporation, or to another individual who is eligible to be a
shareholder of such corporation, and the sale or transfer may be made only after the same shall have been approved, at a stockholders'
meeting specially called for such purpose, or at an annual meeting with 10 days' notice of such additional purpose, by such
proportion, not less than a majority, of the outstanding stock entitled to be voted on that question as may be provided in
the certificate of incorporation or in the bylaws. At such shareholders' meeting the shares of stock held by the shareholder
proposing to sell or transfer such shareholder's shares may not be voted or counted for any purpose. The certificate of incorporation
may provide specifically for additional restraints on the alienation of shares, and may require the redemption or purchase
of such shares by the corporation at prices and in a specific manner, or authorize the corporation's board of directors or
its shareholders to adopt bylaws restraining the alienation of shares and providing for the purchase or redemption by the
corporation of its shares; provided, however, such provisions, dealing with the purchase or redemption by the corporation
of its shares, may not be invoked at a time or in a manner that would impair the capital of the corporation.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 612; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 112.;
§ 613. Price for shares.
If the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of a professional corporation fail to fix a price at which a professional corporation
or its shareholders may purchase the shares of a deceased, retired, expelled or disqualified shareholder, and if the certificate
of incorporation or bylaws do not otherwise provide, then the price for the share or shares shall be the book value at the
end of the month immediately preceding the death or disqualification of the shareholder. Book value shall be determined by
an independent certified public accountant employed by the professional corporation. The determination by the certified public
accountant of book value shall be conclusive on the professional corporation and its shareholders.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 613; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 614. Perpetual corporate existence.
A corporation under this chapter shall have perpetual existence until dissolved in accordance with other provisions of this
chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 614; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 615. Conversion into business corporation.
Whenever all shareholders of a corporation, licensed under this chapter, cease at any time, and for any reason, to be licensed,
certified or registered in the particular field of endeavor for which such corporation was organized, the corporation shall
thereupon be treated as converted into and shall operate henceforth solely as a business corporation under applicable provisions
of Chapter 1 of this title, exclusive of this chapter.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 615; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127.;
§ 616. Time for transfer of shares upon death or disqualification.
Within 375 days following the date of death of a shareholder, or within 30 days following such shareholder's disqualification
to own shares in the corporation, as provided in this chapter, all of the shares of such shareholder shall be transferred
to, and acquired by, the corporation or persons qualified to own such shares. If no other provision to accomplish such transfer
and acquisition is in effect and carried out within said period, the corporation shall thereafter purchase and redeem all
of such shareholder's shares of its stock at the book value thereof, determined as of the end of the month immediately preceding
death or disqualification. For this purpose, the book value shall be determined from the books and records of the corporation
in accordance with the regular methods of accounting used by it for the purposes of determining its net taxable income for
federal income tax purposes; and no subsequent adjustment of such income, whether by the corporation itself, by federal income
tax audit made and agreed to, or by a court decision which has become final, shall alter the redemption price. Nothing contained
in this section shall prevent the parties involved from making any other arrangement or provision in the certificate of incorporation,
bylaws, or by contract to transfer the shares of a deceased or disqualified shareholder to the corporation or to persons qualified
to own the same, whether made before or after the death or disqualification of the shareholder, provided that within the period
specified by this section, all the stock involved shall have been so transferred.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 616; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 71 Del. Laws, c. 339, § 113.;
§ 617. Corporate name.
The corporate name of a corporation organized under this chapter shall contain either a word or words descriptive of the professional
service to be rendered by the corporation or shall contain the last names of 1 or more of its present, prospective or former
shareholders or of persons who were associated with a predecessor person, partnership, corporation or other organization or
whose name or names appeared in the name of such predecessor organization. The corporate name shall also contain the words
"chartered" or "professional association" or abbreviation "P.A." The use of the word "company," "corporation" or "incorporated"
or any other word, words, abbreviations, affix or prefix indicating that it is a corporation, in the corporate name of a corporation
organized under this chapter, is specifically prohibited. However, it shall be permissible for the professional service corporation
and its shareholders to render professional services and to exercise the corporation's authorized powers under a name which
is identical to its corporate name except for the omission of the words "chartered" or "professional association" or the omission
of the abbreviation "P.A."
8 Del. C. 1953, § 617; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 61 Del. Laws, c. 357, § 1.;
§ 618. Applicability of General Corporation Law; consolidation or merger of corporations; annual report.
This title shall be applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter, except to the extent that any of the provisions
of this chapter are interpreted to be in conflict with the provisions of this title, and in such event the provisions and
sections of this chapter shall take precedence with respect to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter. A professional
corporation, organized under this chapter, may consolidate or merge only with another professional corporation organized under
this chapter, empowered to render the same specific professional service; and a merger or consolidation with any foreign corporation
is prohibited. Sections 501-518 of this title shall be applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter; but
in addition to the information called for on the annual report of all corporations by those provisions, the annual report
of a corporation organized pursuant to this chapter shall certify that its shareholders, directors and officers listed on
such report are duly licensed, certified, registered or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional or other
personal service in this State.
8 Del. C. 1953, § 618; 57 Del. Laws, c. 127; 57 Del. Laws, c. 421, § 19.;
§ 619. Construction of chapter.
This chapter shall not be construed as repealing, modifying or restricting the applicable provisions of law relating to incorporations,
sales of securities, or regulating the several professions enumerated in this chapter, except insofar as such laws conflict
with this chapter.
