CHAPTER 942. RECIPROCAL AND INTERINSURANCE EXCHANGES

State Codes and Statutes

Statutes > Texas > Insurance-code > Title-6-organization-of-insurers-and-related-entities > Chapter-942-reciprocal-and-interinsurance-exchanges

INSURANCE CODE

TITLE 6. ORGANIZATION OF INSURERS AND RELATED ENTITIES

SUBTITLE G. LLOYD'S PLAN AND RECIPROCAL AND INTERINSURANCE

EXCHANGES

CHAPTER 942. RECIPROCAL AND INTERINSURANCE EXCHANGES

SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 942.001. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:

(1) "Attorney in fact" means an individual, firm, or corporation

who, under a power of attorney or other appropriate authorization

of the attorney in fact, acts for subscribers of an exchange by

issuing reciprocal or interinsurance contracts.

(2) "Exchange" means a reciprocal or interinsurance exchange and

includes the office through which a reciprocal or interinsurance

contract is exchanged.

(3) "Reciprocal or interinsurance contract" means an insurance

policy or other contract that provides indemnity among a group of

subscribers for certain losses.

(4) "Subscriber" means an individual, partnership, or

corporation who, through an attorney in fact, enters into a

reciprocal or interinsurance contract.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.002. SUBSCRIBER INSURANCE COVERAGE THROUGH EXCHANGE

AUTHORIZED; LIFE INSURANCE PROHIBITED. (a) Except as provided

by Subsection (c), subscribers of this state may exchange

reciprocal or interinsurance contracts with other subscribers of

this state or of another state or country to provide indemnity

among those subscribers for a loss for which insurance coverage

may be obtained under other law.

(b) A public, private, or municipal corporation organized under

the laws of this state may act as a subscriber, and the right to

exchange a reciprocal or interinsurance contract is:

(1) incidental to the purpose for which the corporation is

organized; and

(2) in addition to the corporate rights and powers expressly

conferred in the corporation's articles of incorporation.

insurance.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.003. LIMITED EXEMPTION FROM INSURANCE LAWS;

APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN LAWS. (a) An exchange is exempt from

the operation of all insurance laws of this state except as

specifically provided in this chapter or unless exchanges are

specifically mentioned in the other law.

(b) An exchange is subject to:

(1) Subchapter A, Chapter 5, Chapter 254, Subchapters A and B,

Chapter 1806, and Subtitle C, Title 10;

(2) Articles 5.35, 5.39, and 5.40;

(3) Article 5.13-2, as provided by that article, Chapter 2251, as

provided by that chapter, and Chapter 2301, as provided by that

chapter;

(4) Chapters 402, 541, and 2253;

(5) Subchapter A, Chapter 401, and Sections 401.051, 401.052,

401.054, 401.055, 401.056, 401.057, 401.058, 401.059, 401.060,

401.061, 401.062, 401.151, 401.152, 401.155, and 401.156;

(6) Subchapter B, Chapter 404;

(7) Subchapter C, Chapter 1806; and

(8) Sections 38.001, 501.159, 822.203, 822.205, 822.210,

822.212, 861.254(a)-(f), 861.255, 862.001(b), 862.003, 2002.002,

2002.005, 2002.051, and 2002.052.

written by an exchange.

(d) The provisions of the Texas Business Corporation Act that

relate to the indemnification of officers and directors apply to

an exchange.

(e) Subscribers and their attorney in fact are subject to

Sections 822.051, 822.057-822.060, and 822.201, except that:

(1) the declaration of the subscribers prescribed by Section

942.053 replaces the articles of incorporation; and

(2) the unencumbered surplus of the exchange constitutes capital

structure for purposes of Section 822.060.

(f) An exchange is subject to Chapter 2210, as provided by that

chapter.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 21.44(a),

(b), eff. June 11, 2003.

Amended by:

Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch.

631, Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2005.

Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch.

1295, Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005.

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch.

730, Sec. 2E.119, eff. April 1, 2009.

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch.

730, Sec. 3B.027, eff. September 1, 2007.

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch.

921, Sec. 9.027, eff. September 1, 2007.

Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch.

1408, Sec. 43, eff. June 19, 2009.

SUBCHAPTER B. FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF EXCHANGE

Sec. 942.051. APPOINTMENT OF ATTORNEY IN FACT; APPROVAL BY

DEPARTMENT OF POWER OF ATTORNEY OR OTHER AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED.

(a) A reciprocal or interinsurance contract may be executed by

an attorney in fact appointed by the subscribers of an exchange.

(b) A corporation may be organized in this state to act as

attorney in fact for an exchange. The general laws regarding

incorporation supplement this chapter to the extent consistent

with this chapter. A corporation organized in this state to act

as attorney in fact for an exchange may be organized under the

Texas Business Corporation Act, notwithstanding any conflicting

provision of that Act.

authority to the attorney in fact and under which the insurance

is to be exchanged is subject to approval by the department. This

subsection may not be construed to permit the department to

require the filing or use of uniform forms of those documents

except as otherwise provided by this chapter.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.052. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS. (a) Except as provided by

Subsection (d), to act as an attorney in fact, an individual,

firm, or corporation must execute a good and sufficient fidelity

bond that obligates the principal and surety to pay a pecuniary

loss of money or property, not exceeding the amount of the bond,

that is sustained by the exchange through fraud, dishonesty,

forgery, theft, embezzlement, wrongful abstraction, or wilful

misapplication on the part of the attorney in fact, directly or

through connivance with others.

(b) The bond must:

(1) be acceptable to the department;

(2) be payable to the subscribers or the department; and

(3) be in the amount of:

(A) $25,000 for an individual or firm; or

(B) $50,000 for a corporation.

supervisory authority of any state in which the attorney in fact

is authorized to engage in the business of the exchange may bring

an action to enforce the bond on behalf of the subscribers.

(d) Instead of a bond, an attorney in fact may deposit with the

appropriate official of the exchange's state of domicile cash or

securities of the kind in which a general casualty company is

authorized to invest its funds. The deposit must be made in the

same amount, and must be conditioned, approved, and payable in

the same manner, as a bond required under this section.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.053. SUBSCRIBER DECLARATION. (a) On entering into a

reciprocal or interinsurance contract, the subscribers, through

the attorney in fact, shall file with the department a

declaration verified by the oath of the attorney in fact.

(b) The declaration must include:

(1) the name of the proposed exchange;

(2) the kinds of insurance to be provided under the reciprocal

or interinsurance contract;

(3) a copy of the form of the power of attorney or other

authorization of the attorney in fact under which the insurance

is to be provided;

(4) the location of each office from which the reciprocal or

interinsurance contracts are to be issued; and

(5) any other information prescribed by the department,

including an affidavit comparable to the affidavit prescribed by

Section 822.057(a)(3).

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.054. NAME OF EXCHANGE. (a) The name of an exchange

must contain the term "reciprocal," "inter-insurance exchange,"

"underwriters," "association," "exchange," "underwriting,"

"inter-insurers," or "inter-insurors."

(b) The name selected for an exchange may not be so similar to

the name of a similar organization or an insurer that, in the

opinion of the department, the name is calculated to confuse or

deceive.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.055. OFFICE LOCATIONS. The attorney in fact shall

maintain the offices of the exchange at the places designated by

the subscribers in the power of attorney or other authorization.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

SUBCHAPTER C. AUTHORITY TO ENGAGE IN BUSINESS

Sec. 942.101. CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY REQUIRED; EFFECT ON

FOREIGN CORPORATIONS. (a) An attorney in fact must hold a

certificate of authority issued by the department under Sections

801.001, 801.002, 801.051-801.055, 801.057, 801.101, and 801.102.

A certificate of authority obtained in accordance with this

section authorizes the attorney in fact named in the certificate

to exercise all powers and perform all duties of an attorney in

fact.

(b) A corporation required to obtain a certificate of authority

from the department under this section is not considered to be

engaging in business in this state within the meaning of any law

applying to foreign corporations.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

SUBCHAPTER D. OPERATION, POWERS, AND DUTIES OF EXCHANGE

Sec. 942.151. SUBSCRIBER LIABILITY FOR CERTAIN CONTINGENT

PREMIUMS. (a) Except as provided by Section 942.152 and

Subsection (b), if a certificate of authority is issued as

provided by Subchapter C, the power of attorney or other

authorization executed by the subscribers must provide that, in

addition to the premium or premium deposit specified in the

reciprocal or interinsurance contract, the subscribers are liable

for a contingent premium equal to one additional annual premium

or premium deposit.

(b) If the subscribers and their attorney in fact are authorized

to issue reciprocal or interinsurance contracts for cash premiums

only, the power of attorney or other authorization may waive all

contingent premiums.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.152. SUBSCRIBER LIMITED LIABILITY BASED ON CERTAIN

MINIMUM CAPITAL AND SURPLUS. If the unencumbered surplus of an

exchange is at least equal to the minimum capital stock and

minimum surplus required of a stock insurance company engaged in

the same kinds of business, the subscribers of the exchange may

provide by agreement that the premium or premium deposit

specified in the reciprocal or interinsurance contract

constitutes the entire liability of the subscribers through the

exchange.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.153. PRIOR AUTHORITY NOT AFFECTED. This chapter does

not affect any authority that existed before September 6, 1955,

that allowed the subscribers of an exchange and their attorney in

fact to write non-assessable policies in this state, subject to

any prerequisite imposed by law on that authority.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.154. STATEMENTS RELATING TO INDEMNITY AMOUNTS. (a)

The attorney in fact for an exchange shall file with the

department a sworn statement that shows the maximum amount of

indemnity on any single risk.

(b) The attorney in fact for an exchange shall, as required by

the department, file with the department a sworn statement that:

(1) the attorney has examined the commercial rating of each

subscriber, as established by the reference book of a commercial

agency with at least 100,000 subscribers; and

(2) based on the examination or other information in the

attorney's possession, it appears that no subscriber has assumed

on any single risk an amount greater than 10 percent of that

subscriber's net worth.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.155. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS. (a) An exchange shall

maintain at all times an unencumbered surplus over and above all

liabilities that is at least equal to the minimum capital stock

and surplus required of a stock insurance company engaged in the

same kinds of business.

(b) An exchange shall maintain at all times the reserves

required by the laws of this state or by rules adopted by the

commissioner to be maintained by stock insurance companies

engaged in the same kinds of business.

(1) minimum surplus requirements, as provided by Section

822.204; and

(2) other funds, as provided by the provisions of Subchapter B,

Chapter 424, other than Sections 424.052, 424.072, and 424.073.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Amended by:

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch.

730, Sec. 2E.120, eff. April 1, 2009.

Sec. 942.156. ISSUANCE OF FIDELITY AND SURETY BOND INSURANCE;

DEPOSIT REQUIRED. (a) If a domestic exchange writes fidelity or

surety bond insurance in this state, the exchange shall keep on

deposit with the comptroller money, bonds, or other securities in

an amount of not less than $50,000. The department shall approve

for the deposit securities described by the provisions of

Subchapter B, Chapter 424, other than Sections 424.052, 424.072,

and 424.073, and the exchange shall maintain the approved

securities intact at all times.

(b) A foreign exchange that writes fidelity or surety bond

insurance in this state shall file with the department evidence

satisfactory to the department that the exchange has, for the

protection of its subscribers, at least $100,000 in money, bonds,

or other securities as described by the provisions of Subchapter

B, Chapter 424, other than Sections 424.052, 424.072, and

424.073, on deposit with the comptroller or other appropriate

official of its state of domicile or in escrow under that

official's supervision and control in a reliable bank or trust

company. If those bonds or other securities are not acceptable

to and approved by the department, the department may deny the

attorney in fact for the exchange a certificate of authority.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Amended by:

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch.

730, Sec. 2E.121, eff. April 1, 2009.

Sec. 942.157. TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN CERTAIN INSURERS AND

AFFILIATED EXCHANGES. (a) In this section, "affiliate" has the

meaning assigned by Section 823.003.

(b) An insurer subject to Article 5.26 may not directly or

indirectly assume all or a substantial part of any risk covered

by a reciprocal or interinsurance contract written by an exchange

that is an affiliate of that insurer if the risk is written at a

rate less than the rate that may be lawfully charged by the

insurer or any affiliate of the insurer that is subject to

Article 5.26.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.158. ADVANCES OF MONEY BY ATTORNEY IN FACT. (a) The

attorney in fact for an exchange may advance to the exchange any

amount of money necessary to conduct the business of the

exchange, including any amount necessary to enable the exchange

to comply with a legal requirement.

(b) Subject to the approval of the department, the advanced

amount and any agreed interest on that amount, not exceeding 10

percent a year:

(1) is payable only from the surplus of the exchange remaining

after providing for all reserves, other liabilities, and required

surplus; and

(2) may not otherwise be a liability or claim against the

exchange or any of the exchange's assets.

paid in connection with the advance of money to the exchange.

(d) The amount of each advance must be reported in the

exchange's annual report.

(e) The department may not arbitrarily refuse approval under

Subsection (b).

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.159. VIOLATION BY ATTORNEY IN FACT OF REQUIREMENTS

REGARDING INDEMNITY CONTRACTS; CRIMINAL PENALTY. (a) An

attorney in fact commits an offense if the attorney in fact:

(1) exchanges a reciprocal or interinsurance contract without

first complying with the law governing the contract; or

(2) directly or indirectly solicits or negotiates an application

for the contract without first complying with the law governing

the contract.

(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to an action taken by an

attorney in fact for the purpose of applying for a certificate of

authority from the commissioner as provided by this chapter.

less than $100 or more than $1,000.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

SUBCHAPTER E. REGULATION OF EXCHANGES

Sec. 942.201. ANNUAL REPORT. (a) Not later than March 1 of

each year, the attorney in fact for an exchange shall submit to

the commissioner a report covering the previous year ending

December 31.

(b) The report must:

(1) demonstrate that the financial condition of affairs at the

exchange is in accordance with the financial requirements of this

chapter under Section 942.155; and

(2) provide any additional information and reports as required

to show:

(A) the total amount of premiums or deposits collected;

(B) the total amount of losses paid;

(D) the amounts retained for expenses.

report the name and address of any subscriber.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.202. EXAMINATION BY DEPARTMENT. The business affairs

and assets of an exchange, as shown at the office of the attorney

in fact, are subject to examination by the department.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Sec. 942.203. FEES; TAXES; FILING FEE. (a) To the extent

applicable, the schedule of fees established under Chapter 202

applies to an exchange and the exchange's attorney in fact.

(b) An exchange is subject to:

(1) Chapters 221 and 222; and

(2) Chapters 251-255.

for the annual report.

Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1419, Sec. 1, eff. June 1,

2003.

Amended by:

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch.

730, Sec. 2E.122, eff. April 1, 2009.

State Codes and Statutes

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