§710-1025  Bail jumping in the second
degree.  (1)  A person commits the offense of bail jumping in the second
degree if, having been released from custody by court order with or without
bail, upon condition that the person will subsequently appear as ordered in
connection with a charge of having committed a misdemeanor or a petty
misdemeanor, the person knowingly fails to appear as ordered.



(2)  Bail jumping in the second degree is a
misdemeanor. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1; gen ch 1993; am L 2004, c 17, §2]



 



COMMENTARY ON §§710-1024 AND 1025



 



  Unlike the sections dealing with escape, the sanctions for
bail jumping are based upon the actor's breaking of a covenant the actor has
made with the law.  The actor has promised that the actor will appear before a
certain court on a certain date.  The seriousness of the breach of the covenant
is directly proportional to the gravity of the offense for which the actor must
answer at the appointed time.  Hence, the sanctions are roughly proportional to
the gravity of the offense charged:  jumping bail for class A, B or C felonies
is a class C felony; jumping bail for lesser offenses is a misdemeanor.



  Hawaii previously did not have criminal penalties for
forfeiture of bail.  This is a reflection of the philosophy of a number of
jurisdictions that rely too heavily upon the monetary sanction to secure
compliance with an order to appear at some future date.  Such a philosophy,
when coupled with the fee required by professional bail bondsmen, may lead to
disproportionately heavy bails being set for relatively poor individuals.  The
Code espouses a more general use of the criminal sanction for failure to
appear, encouraging the release of relatively poor people either on minimal
bail or on their own recognizance, and assuring the appearance of the more
wealthy people who might otherwise be inclined to forfeit.



 



SUPPLEMENTAL COMMENTARY ON §§710-1024 AND 1025



 



  The Code as adopted by the Legislature differs from the
Proposed Draft in two respects.  In §710-1024, the term "or C" was
inserted before the term "felony."  Thus, a person commits the
offense of bail jumping in the first degree if the person fails to appear in
connection with a charge of class A or B or C felony.



  In §710-1025, the term "a Class C felony" which was
in the Proposed Draft was deleted so that the offense of bail jumping in the
second degree is restricted to failure to appear involving charges of a
misdemeanor or petty misdemeanor only.



  Act 10, Session Laws 1993, amended §710-1024 to clarify that
bail jumping in the first degree applies to all felonies, including murder in
the first and second degrees and other nondesignated felonies specified in the
Hawaii Revised Statutes other than in the penal code, rather than only to
felonies designated as class A, B, or C.  Act 10 also made the language in that
section gender neutral.  House Standing Committee Report No. 864, Senate
Standing Committee Report No. 450.



  Act 17, Session Laws 2004, amended §§710-1024 and 710-1025 by
lowering the state-of-mind requirement for bail jumping offenses from
"intentionally" to "knowingly".  The legislature found that
the change from "intentionally" to "knowingly" failing to
appear may deter individuals from missing their court dates and facilitate
convictions for bail jumping.  House Standing Committee Report No. 201-04,
Senate Standing Committee Report No. 3082.