State Codes and Statutes
Statutes > North-dakota > T34 > T34c06
Download pdf
Loading PDF...
<![CDATA[CHAPTER 34-06MINIMUM WAGES AND HOURS34-06-01. Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwiserequires:1."Commissioner" means the labor commissioner.2."Employee" includes any individual employed by an employer.However, anindividual is not an "employee" while engaged in a ridesharing arrangement, as<br>defined in section 8-02-07.The term does not include a person engaged infirefighting or sworn law enforcement officers for a political subdivision of the state.3."Employer" includes any individual, partnership, association, corporation, limited<br>liability company, the state and political subdivisions of the state, or any person or<br>group of persons acting in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee.4."Minor" means a person of either sex under the age of eighteen years.5."Occupation" means a business or industry, or a trade or branch thereof, but it does<br>not include outside salesmen who are compensated on a commission basis.6."Wages" includes all payments made to or on behalf of an employee as<br>remuneration for employment, whether calculated on a time, piece, job, or incentive<br>basis.34-06-02.Power to investigate conditions of labor and wages and hours ofemployees. The commissioner has the power to:1.Investigate and ascertain the wages and the hours and conditions of labor of<br>employees in the different occupations in which they are employed within this state.2.Inspect and examine, either in person or through authorized representative, all<br>books, payrolls, and other records of any employer of employees appertaining to or<br>bearing on the questions of hours or conditions of labor of any employee employed<br>by such employer.3.Require from any employer of employees a full and true statement of the wages paid<br>to, and the hours and conditions of labor of, all employees in the employer's employ.34-06-03.Commissioner may adopt standards by rule.The commissioner mayascertain and prescribe by rule:1.Standards of hours of employment for employees and what are unreasonably long<br>hours for employees in any occupation within this state.2.Standards of conditions of labor for employees in any occupation within this state<br>and what surroundings or conditions, sanitary or otherwise, are detrimental to the<br>health or morals of employees in any such occupation.3.Standards of minimum wages for employees in any occupation in this state.4.Standards of minimum wages for minors in any occupation within this state and what<br>wages are unreasonably low for any such minor workers.34-06-03.1. Exemption for companionship services and family home care.Page No. 11.Employees who provide companionship services for individuals who, because of age<br>or disability, are unable to care for themselves are exempt from any minimum wage<br>and hour standards that may be prescribed under this chapter, to the extent that<br>those companionship services are provided by an employee from ten p.m. to nine<br>a.m., up to a total of eight hours, during which time the employee is available to<br>perform duties for the aged or disabled individual, but is free to sleep and otherwise<br>engage in normal private pursuits in the aged or disabled individual's home.<br>Employees who provide companionship services are not entitled to any overtime<br>premium that may be prescribed under this chapter.2.An individual who provides family home care is exempt from any minimum wage<br>and hour standards that may be prescribed under this chapter.3.An individual who contracts with an elderly or disabled person, or a spouse or<br>relative of an elderly or disabled person as described in subdivision b of<br>subsection 4, to provide room, board, supervisory care, and personal services to that<br>elderly or disabled person is exempt from any minimum wage and hour standards<br>that may be prescribed under this chapter.4.As used in this section:a."Companionship services" means those services that provide fellowship, care,<br>and protection for individuals who, because of advanced age or physical or<br>mental disabilities, cannot care for their own needs.Those services mayinclude household work related to the care of the aged or disabled person,<br>including meal preparation, bed making, washing of clothes, and other similar<br>services, and may include the performance of general household work if that<br>work does not exceed twenty percent of the total weekly hours worked.<br>"Companionship services" do not include services relating to the care and<br>protection of the aged or disabled which require and are performed by trained<br>personnel, including a registered or practical nurse, and do not include<br>individuals who provide care and protection for infants and young children who<br>are not physically or mentally disabled.b."Family home care" means the provision of room, board, supervisory care, and<br>personal services to an eligible elderly or disabled person by the spouse or by<br>one of the following relatives, or the current or former spouse of one of the<br>following relatives, of the elderly or disabled person: parent, grandparent, adult<br>child, adult sibling, adult grandchild, adult niece, or adult nephew.34-06-03.2. Authority of labor commissioner - Exception. Notwithstanding section34-06-03, the labor commissioner may not adopt rules relating to sections 23-12-09 through<br>23-12-11. If the labor commissioner is made aware of a possible violation of chapter 23-12, the<br>commissioner may refer the violation to an appropriate law enforcement agency for enforcement<br>pursuant to section 23-12-11.34-06-04.Power to make rules - Posting by employers. The commissioner mayprepare, adopt, and promulgate rules under chapter 28-32 to implement the various provisions of<br>this chapter. Before filing the notice of rulemaking and the proposed draft of rules under section<br>28-32-10, the commissioner shall send notice of the proposed rules to and solicit input from<br>associations with statewide membership of which the primary focus is representing business or<br>labor interests. The commissioner shall provide a summary of rules adopted under this chapter<br>to every employer affected by the rules. The employer shall keep a copy of the summary posted<br>in a conspicuous place in a commonly frequented area of the employer's establishment in which<br>employees work.34-06-04.1. Compensatory time, overtime, and work-period claims. The state or apolitical subdivision of the state may provide for compensatory time and for a work period for<br>compensatory time and overtime calculation for its employees if the state or political subdivisionPage No. 2complies with the requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended,<br>[Pub. L. 75-718; 52 Stat. 1060; 29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] and any rules and interpretations adopted<br>by the United States department of labor. The authority provided in this section applies in any<br>proceeding brought after June 30, 2003, with respect to compensatory time or overtime earned<br>regardless of when the work in question was performed.34-06-05. Employment of employees under certain conditions illegal. It is unlawfulto employ in any occupation within this state:1.Employees for unreasonably long hours.2.Employees under surroundings or conditions, sanitary or otherwise, which may be<br>detrimental to their health or morals.3.Employees for wages which are less than the state minimum wage.4.Minors for unreasonably low wages.34-06-05.1. One day of rest in seven - Penalty.1.An employer may not require an employee to work seven consecutive days in a<br>business that sells merchandise at retail. An employer may not deny an employee<br>at least one period of twenty-four consecutive hours of time off for rest or worship in<br>each seven-day period. The time off must be in addition to the regular periods of<br>rest allowed during each day worked. An employer shall accommodate the religious<br>beliefs and practices of an employee unless the employer can demonstrate that to<br>do so would constitute an undue hardship on the conduct of the employer's<br>business. However, if an employee requests time off to attend one regular worship<br>service a week, an employer may not require the employee to work during that<br>period unless:a.Honoring the employee's request would cause the employer substantial<br>economic burdens or would require the imposition of significant burdens on<br>other employees required to work in place of the Sabbath observer; orb.The employer has made a reasonable effort to accommodate the employee's<br>request.2.A violation of this section is a class B misdemeanor. It is an affirmative defense to<br>prosecution under this section that the employee volunteered for work on the<br>seventh consecutive day and the employee executed a written statement so stating.<br>The statement must also contain a provision, signed by the employer or the<br>employer's agent, that the employer did not require such work.3.This section applies only to an employer in a business that sells merchandise at<br>retail.34-06-06. Hours of labor for females limited - Exceptions. Repealed by S.L. 1973,ch. 265, <meta property="og:url" content="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Statutes" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-12-27T23:25:16+00:00" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2>
<a href='https://statutes.laws.com/'>Statutes</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota'>North-dakota</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t34'>T34</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t34/t34c06'>T34c06</a><br><br><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t34/pdf/t34c06.pdf">Download pdf</a><br><div id="embed_document" style="width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;">Loading PDF...</div><script type="text/javascript"> var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t34/pdf/t34c06.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $("#embed_document"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('<embed src="'+pdf_url+'" width="100%" height="100%"></embed>'); } else { embedwindow.html('<iframe style="width:100%; height:100%;" src="https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'&embedded=true" frameborder="0"></iframe>'); } });</script><br><br><noframes>CHAPTER 34-06MINIMUM WAGES AND HOURS34-06-01. Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwiserequires:1."Commissioner" means the labor commissioner.2."Employee" includes any individual employed by an employer.However, anindividual is not an "employee" while engaged in a ridesharing arrangement, as<br>defined in section 8-02-07.The term does not include a person engaged infirefighting or sworn law enforcement officers for a political subdivision of the state.3."Employer" includes any individual, partnership, association, corporation, limited<br>liability company, the state and political subdivisions of the state, or any person or<br>group of persons acting in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee.4."Minor" means a person of either sex under the age of eighteen years.5."Occupation" means a business or industry, or a trade or branch thereof, but it does<br>not include outside salesmen who are compensated on a commission basis.6."Wages" includes all payments made to or on behalf of an employee as<br>remuneration for employment, whether calculated on a time, piece, job, or incentive<br>basis.34-06-02.Power to investigate conditions of labor and wages and hours ofemployees. The commissioner has the power to:1.Investigate and ascertain the wages and the hours and conditions of labor of<br>employees in the different occupations in which they are employed within this state.2.Inspect and examine, either in person or through authorized representative, all<br>books, payrolls, and other records of any employer of employees appertaining to or<br>bearing on the questions of hours or conditions of labor of any employee employed<br>by such employer.3.Require from any employer of employees a full and true statement of the wages paid<br>to, and the hours and conditions of labor of, all employees in the employer's employ.34-06-03.Commissioner may adopt standards by rule.The commissioner mayascertain and prescribe by rule:1.Standards of hours of employment for employees and what are unreasonably long<br>hours for employees in any occupation within this state.2.Standards of conditions of labor for employees in any occupation within this state<br>and what surroundings or conditions, sanitary or otherwise, are detrimental to the<br>health or morals of employees in any such occupation.3.Standards of minimum wages for employees in any occupation in this state.4.Standards of minimum wages for minors in any occupation within this state and what<br>wages are unreasonably low for any such minor workers.34-06-03.1. Exemption for companionship services and family home care.Page No. 11.Employees who provide companionship services for individuals who, because of age<br>or disability, are unable to care for themselves are exempt from any minimum wage<br>and hour standards that may be prescribed under this chapter, to the extent that<br>those companionship services are provided by an employee from ten p.m. to nine<br>a.m., up to a total of eight hours, during which time the employee is available to<br>perform duties for the aged or disabled individual, but is free to sleep and otherwise<br>engage in normal private pursuits in the aged or disabled individual's home.<br>Employees who provide companionship services are not entitled to any overtime<br>premium that may be prescribed under this chapter.2.An individual who provides family home care is exempt from any minimum wage<br>and hour standards that may be prescribed under this chapter.3.An individual who contracts with an elderly or disabled person, or a spouse or<br>relative of an elderly or disabled person as described in subdivision b of<br>subsection 4, to provide room, board, supervisory care, and personal services to that<br>elderly or disabled person is exempt from any minimum wage and hour standards<br>that may be prescribed under this chapter.4.As used in this section:a."Companionship services" means those services that provide fellowship, care,<br>and protection for individuals who, because of advanced age or physical or<br>mental disabilities, cannot care for their own needs.Those services mayinclude household work related to the care of the aged or disabled person,<br>including meal preparation, bed making, washing of clothes, and other similar<br>services, and may include the performance of general household work if that<br>work does not exceed twenty percent of the total weekly hours worked.<br>"Companionship services" do not include services relating to the care and<br>protection of the aged or disabled which require and are performed by trained<br>personnel, including a registered or practical nurse, and do not include<br>individuals who provide care and protection for infants and young children who<br>are not physically or mentally disabled.b."Family home care" means the provision of room, board, supervisory care, and<br>personal services to an eligible elderly or disabled person by the spouse or by<br>one of the following relatives, or the current or former spouse of one of the<br>following relatives, of the elderly or disabled person: parent, grandparent, adult<br>child, adult sibling, adult grandchild, adult niece, or adult nephew.34-06-03.2. Authority of labor commissioner - Exception. Notwithstanding section34-06-03, the labor commissioner may not adopt rules relating to sections 23-12-09 through<br>23-12-11. If the labor commissioner is made aware of a possible violation of chapter 23-12, the<br>commissioner may refer the violation to an appropriate law enforcement agency for enforcement<br>pursuant to section 23-12-11.34-06-04.Power to make rules - Posting by employers. The commissioner mayprepare, adopt, and promulgate rules under chapter 28-32 to implement the various provisions of<br>this chapter. Before filing the notice of rulemaking and the proposed draft of rules under section<br>28-32-10, the commissioner shall send notice of the proposed rules to and solicit input from<br>associations with statewide membership of which the primary focus is representing business or<br>labor interests. The commissioner shall provide a summary of rules adopted under this chapter<br>to every employer affected by the rules. The employer shall keep a copy of the summary posted<br>in a conspicuous place in a commonly frequented area of the employer's establishment in which<br>employees work.34-06-04.1. Compensatory time, overtime, and work-period claims. The state or apolitical subdivision of the state may provide for compensatory time and for a work period for<br>compensatory time and overtime calculation for its employees if the state or political subdivisionPage No. 2complies with the requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended,<br>[Pub. L. 75-718; 52 Stat. 1060; 29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] and any rules and interpretations adopted<br>by the United States department of labor. The authority provided in this section applies in any<br>proceeding brought after June 30, 2003, with respect to compensatory time or overtime earned<br>regardless of when the work in question was performed.34-06-05. Employment of employees under certain conditions illegal. It is unlawfulto employ in any occupation within this state:1.Employees for unreasonably long hours.2.Employees under surroundings or conditions, sanitary or otherwise, which may be<br>detrimental to their health or morals.3.Employees for wages which are less than the state minimum wage.4.Minors for unreasonably low wages.34-06-05.1. One day of rest in seven - Penalty.1.An employer may not require an employee to work seven consecutive days in a<br>business that sells merchandise at retail. An employer may not deny an employee<br>at least one period of twenty-four consecutive hours of time off for rest or worship in<br>each seven-day period. The time off must be in addition to the regular periods of<br>rest allowed during each day worked. An employer shall accommodate the religious<br>beliefs and practices of an employee unless the employer can demonstrate that to<br>do so would constitute an undue hardship on the conduct of the employer's<br>business. However, if an employee requests time off to attend one regular worship<br>service a week, an employer may not require the employee to work during that<br>period unless:a.Honoring the employee's request would cause the employer substantial<br>economic burdens or would require the imposition of significant burdens on<br>other employees required to work in place of the Sabbath observer; orb.The employer has made a reasonable effort to accommodate the employee's<br>request.2.A violation of this section is a class B misdemeanor. It is an affirmative defense to<br>prosecution under this section that the employee volunteered for work on the<br>seventh consecutive day and the employee executed a written statement so stating.<br>The statement must also contain a provision, signed by the employer or the<br>employer's agent, that the employer did not require such work.3.This section applies only to an employer in a business that sells merchandise at<br>retail.34-06-06. Hours of labor for females limited - Exceptions. Repealed by S.L. 1973,ch. 265, <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/","url":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/","name":"State Codes and Statutes - Statutes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-03-10T03:31:37+00:00","dateModified":"2019-12-27T23:25:16+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://statutes.laws.com/test/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/test/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://statutes.laws.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"State Codes and Statutes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://statutes.laws.com/#website","url":"https://statutes.laws.com/","name":"Statutes","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://statutes.laws.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>
<!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Statutes » Feed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/feed/" />
<script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
/* ]]]]><![CDATA[> */
</script>
<style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 0.07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
</style>
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
.wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='redux-extendify-styles-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/redux-framework/redux-core/assets/css/extendify-utilities.css?ver=4.4.15' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Titillium+Web&subset=latin&ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='reset-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/reset.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='main-stylesheet-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/main-stylesheet.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='shortcode-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/shortcode.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='lightbox-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/lightbox.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='dat-menu-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/dat-menu.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/responsive.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ie-only-styles-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/css/ie-ancient.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<![endif]-->
<link rel='stylesheet' id='dynamic-css-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=ot_dynamic_css&ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/style.css?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.23.0' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.17.3' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/css/swiper.min.css?ver=5.3.6' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-248-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/elementor/css/post-248.css?ver=1699721364' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.16.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1699721365' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='toc-screen-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/screen.min.css?ver=2309' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=auto&ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-core-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var ot = {"THEME_NAME":"legatus","adminUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","gallery_id":"","galleryCat":"","imageUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus\/images\/","cssUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus\/css\/","themeUrl":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-content\/themes\/legatus"};
/* ]]]]><![CDATA[> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/19" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://statutes.laws.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://statutes.laws.com/?p=19' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.laws.com%2Ftest%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.laws.com%2Ftest%2F&format=xml" />
<meta name="generator" content="Redux 4.4.15" /><script type="text/javascript">
(function(url){
if(/(?:Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; }
var addEvent = function(evt, handler) {
if (window.addEventListener) {
document.addEventListener(evt, handler, false);
} else if (window.attachEvent) {
document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler);
}
};
var removeEvent = function(evt, handler) {
if (window.removeEventListener) {
document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false);
} else if (window.detachEvent) {
document.detachEvent('on' + evt, handler);
}
};
var evts = 'contextmenu dblclick drag dragend dragenter dragleave dragover dragstart drop keydown keypress keyup mousedown mousemove mouseout mouseover mouseup mousewheel scroll'.split(' ');
var logHuman = function() {
if (window.wfLogHumanRan) { return; }
window.wfLogHumanRan = true;
var wfscr = document.createElement('script');
wfscr.type = 'text/javascript';
wfscr.async = true;
wfscr.src = url + '&r=' + Math.random();
(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr);
for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) {
removeEvent(evts[i], logHuman);
}
};
for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) {
addEvent(evts[i], logHuman);
}
})('//statutes.laws.com/?wordfence_lh=1&hid=68F8DC0CE6881BFD036313D9897F35C2');
</script><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.17.3; features: e_dom_optimization, e_optimized_assets_loading, e_optimized_css_loading, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto">
<meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/>
<meta name="generator" content="Powered by Slider Revolution 6.6.11 - responsive, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress with comfortable drag and drop interface." />
<!-- Clicky Web Analytics - https://clicky.com, WordPress Plugin by Yoast - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/clicky/ --><script type='text/javascript'>
function clicky_gc(name) {
var ca = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i in ca) {
if (ca[i].indexOf(name + '=') != -1) {
return decodeURIComponent(ca[i].split('=')[1]);
}
}
return '';
}
var username_check = clicky_gc('"comment_author_d2f3dac10cedf763d31d1d5e708a3685"');
if (username_check) var clicky_custom_session = {username: username_check};
</script>
<script>
var clicky_site_ids = clicky_site_ids || [];
clicky_site_ids.push("100851447");
</script>
<script async src="//static.getclicky.com/js"></script><script>function setREVStartSize(e){
//window.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
window.RSIW = window.RSIW===undefined ? window.innerWidth : window.RSIW;
window.RSIH = window.RSIH===undefined ? window.innerHeight : window.RSIH;
try {
var pw = document.getElementById(e.c).parentNode.offsetWidth,
newh;
pw = pw===0 || isNaN(pw) || (e.l=="fullwidth" || e.layout=="fullwidth") ? window.RSIW : pw;
e.tabw = e.tabw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabw);
e.thumbw = e.thumbw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbw);
e.tabh = e.tabh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabh);
e.thumbh = e.thumbh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbh);
e.tabhide = e.tabhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabhide);
e.thumbhide = e.thumbhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbhide);
e.mh = e.mh===undefined || e.mh=="" || e.mh==="auto" ? 0 : parseInt(e.mh,0);
if(e.layout==="fullscreen" || e.l==="fullscreen")
newh = Math.max(e.mh,window.RSIH);
else{
e.gw = Array.isArray(e.gw) ? e.gw : [e.gw];
for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gw[i]===undefined || e.gw[i]===0) e.gw[i] = e.gw[i-1];
e.gh = e.el===undefined || e.el==="" || (Array.isArray(e.el) && e.el.length==0)? e.gh : e.el;
e.gh = Array.isArray(e.gh) ? e.gh : [e.gh];
for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gh[i]===undefined || e.gh[i]===0) e.gh[i] = e.gh[i-1];
var nl = new Array(e.rl.length),
ix = 0,
sl;
e.tabw = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabw;
e.thumbw = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbw;
e.tabh = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabh;
e.thumbh = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbh;
for (var i in e.rl) nl[i] = e.rl[i]<window.RSIW ? 0 : e.rl[i];
sl = nl[0];
for (var i in nl) if (sl>nl[i] && nl[i]>0) { sl = nl[i]; ix=i;}
var m = pw>(e.gw[ix]+e.tabw+e.thumbw) ? 1 : (pw-(e.tabw+e.thumbw)) / (e.gw[ix]);
newh = (e.gh[ix] * m) + (e.tabh + e.thumbh);
}
var el = document.getElementById(e.c);
if (el!==null && el) el.style.height = newh+"px";
el = document.getElementById(e.c+"_wrapper");
if (el!==null && el) {
el.style.height = newh+"px";
el.style.display = "block";
}
} catch(e){
console.log("Failure at Presize of Slider:" + e)
}
//});
};</script>
<noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> <style>
body {
background: none !important;
}
</style>
<!-- END head -->
</head>
<!-- BEGIN body -->
<body class="page-template-default page page-id-19 wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.5 vc_responsive elementor-default elementor-kit-248 elementor-page elementor-page-19">
<!-- BEGIN .boxed -->
<div class="boxed">
<!-- BEGIN .header -->
<div class="header">
<!-- BEGIN .header-very-top -->
<div class="header-very-top">
<!-- BEGIN .wrapper -->
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="left">
<ul class="ot-menu very-top-menu load-responsive" rel="Top Menu"><li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com" class="icon-text"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a></li><li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-1 single"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-2 single"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-3 single"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-4 single"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-5 single"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="clear-float"></div>
</div>
<div class="double-split"></div>
<!-- END .header-very-top -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .header-middle -->
<div class="header-middle">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="banner">
<div class="banner-block">
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear-float"></div>
</div>
<!-- END .header-middle -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .header-menu -->
<div class="header-menu thisisfixed">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="logo-image">
<!--<h1></h1>-->
<a href="https://statutes.laws.com"><img class="logo" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/logo.png" alt="Statutes" /></a>
</div>
<ul class="menu main-menu" ><li id="menu-item-148" class="normal-drop no-description menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-1" style="background:#264C84; color:#264C84; "><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-149" class="normal-drop no-description menu_red menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-150" class="normal-drop no-description menu_green menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152" class="normal-drop no-description menu_boldred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-151" class="normal-drop no-description menu_blue menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="clear-float"></div>
</div>
<!-- END .header-menu -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .header-undermenu -->
<div class="header-undermenu">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="clear-float"></div>
</div>
<!-- END .header-undermenu -->
</div>
<!-- Begin add search bar -->
<br />
<div class="wrapper">
<!-- add search bar - Peter - May 2015 -->
<style>
.input-txt-bigger{background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-txt-bigger.jpg) no-repeat;width:100%;height:30px;color:#5a8bb7;padding:0px 10px;padding:6px 10px\9;float:left;border:0px;font-size:16px}
.input-btn{background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-btn-blue.png) no-repeat;width:100%;height:30px;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;margin-left:10px;text-align:center;float:left;border:0px;cursor:pointer}
</style>
<form action="https://laws.com/searchresults" method="get">
<input type="text" id="qucik-key" name="sname" value="Search Laws" onfocus="if(this.value=='Search Laws' || this.value=='') this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='Search Laws';" class="input-txt-bigger" style="background:none;border:2px solid #1661B2;width:75%;height:55px;font-size:30px;font-weight:bold" /> <input type="submit" class="input-btn" value="SEARCH" style="width:167px;height:55px;font-size:20px;background:url(https://laws.com/uploads/input-btn-blue-big.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent" />
</form>
<!-- End add search bar - Peter - May 2015 -->
</div>
<div style="height: 70px;"></div>
<!-- Begin add search bar -->
<!-- END .header -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .content -->
<div class="content">
<!-- BEGIN .wrapper -->
<div class="wrapper">
<!-- BEGIN .main-content-left -->
<div class="main-content-left">
<div class="social-icons-float">
<span class="soc-header">Share</span>
<span class="social-icon">
<span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow"> </span></span>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://statutes.laws.com/test/" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" class="social-button ot-share" style="background:#495fbd;"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><font>Share</font></a>
</span>
<span class="social-icon">
<span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow"> </span></span>
<a href="#" data-hashtags="" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/" data-via="" data-text="State Codes and Statutes" class="social-button ot-tweet" style="background:#43bedd;"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><font>Tweet</font></a>
</span>
<span class="social-icon">
<span class="social-count">0<span class="social-arrow"> </span></span>
<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://statutes.laws.com/test/" class="social-button ot-pluss" style="background:#df6149;"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i><font>+1</font></a>
</span>
<span class="social-icon">
<span class="social-count"><span class="count">0</span><span class="social-arrow"> </span></span>
<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://statutes.laws.com/test/&title=State Codes and Statutes" class="social-button ot-link" style="background:#264c84;" data-url="https://statutes.laws.com/test/"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><font>Share</font></a>
</span>
</div>
<!-- 27.04.15 - BEGIN box search -->
<!-- Adding the ads for legal-forms - Peter - 27-4-2015 -->
<!-- End Adding the ads for legal-forms - Peter - 27-4-2015 -->
<!-- 27.04.15 - END box search -->
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<div class="content-article-title">
<h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2>
<div class="right-title-side">
<br/>
<a href="https://statutes.laws.com"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>Back To Homepage</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="main-article-content">
<!-- BEGIN .shortcode-content -->
<div class="shortcode-content">
<h2>State Codes and Statutes</h2>
<a href='https://statutes.laws.com/'>Statutes</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota'>North-dakota</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t34'>T34</a> > <a href='https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t34/t34c06'>T34c06</a><br><br><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t34/pdf/t34c06.pdf">Download pdf</a><br><div id="embed_document" style="width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;">Loading PDF...</div><script type="text/javascript"> var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t34/pdf/t34c06.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $("#embed_document"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('<embed src="'+pdf_url+'" width="100%" height="100%"></embed>'); } else { embedwindow.html('<iframe style="width:100%; height:100%;" src="https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'&embedded=true" frameborder="0"></iframe>'); } });</script><br><br><noframes>CHAPTER 34-06MINIMUM WAGES AND HOURS34-06-01. Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwiserequires:1."Commissioner" means the labor commissioner.2."Employee" includes any individual employed by an employer.However, anindividual is not an "employee" while engaged in a ridesharing arrangement, as<br>defined in section 8-02-07.The term does not include a person engaged infirefighting or sworn law enforcement officers for a political subdivision of the state.3."Employer" includes any individual, partnership, association, corporation, limited<br>liability company, the state and political subdivisions of the state, or any person or<br>group of persons acting in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee.4."Minor" means a person of either sex under the age of eighteen years.5."Occupation" means a business or industry, or a trade or branch thereof, but it does<br>not include outside salesmen who are compensated on a commission basis.6."Wages" includes all payments made to or on behalf of an employee as<br>remuneration for employment, whether calculated on a time, piece, job, or incentive<br>basis.34-06-02.Power to investigate conditions of labor and wages and hours ofemployees. The commissioner has the power to:1.Investigate and ascertain the wages and the hours and conditions of labor of<br>employees in the different occupations in which they are employed within this state.2.Inspect and examine, either in person or through authorized representative, all<br>books, payrolls, and other records of any employer of employees appertaining to or<br>bearing on the questions of hours or conditions of labor of any employee employed<br>by such employer.3.Require from any employer of employees a full and true statement of the wages paid<br>to, and the hours and conditions of labor of, all employees in the employer's employ.34-06-03.Commissioner may adopt standards by rule.The commissioner mayascertain and prescribe by rule:1.Standards of hours of employment for employees and what are unreasonably long<br>hours for employees in any occupation within this state.2.Standards of conditions of labor for employees in any occupation within this state<br>and what surroundings or conditions, sanitary or otherwise, are detrimental to the<br>health or morals of employees in any such occupation.3.Standards of minimum wages for employees in any occupation in this state.4.Standards of minimum wages for minors in any occupation within this state and what<br>wages are unreasonably low for any such minor workers.34-06-03.1. Exemption for companionship services and family home care.Page No. 11.Employees who provide companionship services for individuals who, because of age<br>or disability, are unable to care for themselves are exempt from any minimum wage<br>and hour standards that may be prescribed under this chapter, to the extent that<br>those companionship services are provided by an employee from ten p.m. to nine<br>a.m., up to a total of eight hours, during which time the employee is available to<br>perform duties for the aged or disabled individual, but is free to sleep and otherwise<br>engage in normal private pursuits in the aged or disabled individual's home.<br>Employees who provide companionship services are not entitled to any overtime<br>premium that may be prescribed under this chapter.2.An individual who provides family home care is exempt from any minimum wage<br>and hour standards that may be prescribed under this chapter.3.An individual who contracts with an elderly or disabled person, or a spouse or<br>relative of an elderly or disabled person as described in subdivision b of<br>subsection 4, to provide room, board, supervisory care, and personal services to that<br>elderly or disabled person is exempt from any minimum wage and hour standards<br>that may be prescribed under this chapter.4.As used in this section:a."Companionship services" means those services that provide fellowship, care,<br>and protection for individuals who, because of advanced age or physical or<br>mental disabilities, cannot care for their own needs.Those services mayinclude household work related to the care of the aged or disabled person,<br>including meal preparation, bed making, washing of clothes, and other similar<br>services, and may include the performance of general household work if that<br>work does not exceed twenty percent of the total weekly hours worked.<br>"Companionship services" do not include services relating to the care and<br>protection of the aged or disabled which require and are performed by trained<br>personnel, including a registered or practical nurse, and do not include<br>individuals who provide care and protection for infants and young children who<br>are not physically or mentally disabled.b."Family home care" means the provision of room, board, supervisory care, and<br>personal services to an eligible elderly or disabled person by the spouse or by<br>one of the following relatives, or the current or former spouse of one of the<br>following relatives, of the elderly or disabled person: parent, grandparent, adult<br>child, adult sibling, adult grandchild, adult niece, or adult nephew.34-06-03.2. Authority of labor commissioner - Exception. Notwithstanding section34-06-03, the labor commissioner may not adopt rules relating to sections 23-12-09 through<br>23-12-11. If the labor commissioner is made aware of a possible violation of chapter 23-12, the<br>commissioner may refer the violation to an appropriate law enforcement agency for enforcement<br>pursuant to section 23-12-11.34-06-04.Power to make rules - Posting by employers. The commissioner mayprepare, adopt, and promulgate rules under chapter 28-32 to implement the various provisions of<br>this chapter. Before filing the notice of rulemaking and the proposed draft of rules under section<br>28-32-10, the commissioner shall send notice of the proposed rules to and solicit input from<br>associations with statewide membership of which the primary focus is representing business or<br>labor interests. The commissioner shall provide a summary of rules adopted under this chapter<br>to every employer affected by the rules. The employer shall keep a copy of the summary posted<br>in a conspicuous place in a commonly frequented area of the employer's establishment in which<br>employees work.34-06-04.1. Compensatory time, overtime, and work-period claims. The state or apolitical subdivision of the state may provide for compensatory time and for a work period for<br>compensatory time and overtime calculation for its employees if the state or political subdivisionPage No. 2complies with the requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended,<br>[Pub. L. 75-718; 52 Stat. 1060; 29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] and any rules and interpretations adopted<br>by the United States department of labor. The authority provided in this section applies in any<br>proceeding brought after June 30, 2003, with respect to compensatory time or overtime earned<br>regardless of when the work in question was performed.34-06-05. Employment of employees under certain conditions illegal. It is unlawfulto employ in any occupation within this state:1.Employees for unreasonably long hours.2.Employees under surroundings or conditions, sanitary or otherwise, which may be<br>detrimental to their health or morals.3.Employees for wages which are less than the state minimum wage.4.Minors for unreasonably low wages.34-06-05.1. One day of rest in seven - Penalty.1.An employer may not require an employee to work seven consecutive days in a<br>business that sells merchandise at retail. An employer may not deny an employee<br>at least one period of twenty-four consecutive hours of time off for rest or worship in<br>each seven-day period. The time off must be in addition to the regular periods of<br>rest allowed during each day worked. An employer shall accommodate the religious<br>beliefs and practices of an employee unless the employer can demonstrate that to<br>do so would constitute an undue hardship on the conduct of the employer's<br>business. However, if an employee requests time off to attend one regular worship<br>service a week, an employer may not require the employee to work during that<br>period unless:a.Honoring the employee's request would cause the employer substantial<br>economic burdens or would require the imposition of significant burdens on<br>other employees required to work in place of the Sabbath observer; orb.The employer has made a reasonable effort to accommodate the employee's<br>request.2.A violation of this section is a class B misdemeanor. It is an affirmative defense to<br>prosecution under this section that the employee volunteered for work on the<br>seventh consecutive day and the employee executed a written statement so stating.<br>The statement must also contain a provision, signed by the employer or the<br>employer's agent, that the employer did not require such work.3.This section applies only to an employer in a business that sells merchandise at<br>retail.34-06-06. Hours of labor for females limited - Exceptions. Repealed by S.L. 1973,ch. 265, <!-- END .shortcode-content -->
</div>
</div>
<!-- END .main-content-left -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .main-content-right -->
<div class="main-content-right">
<!-- BEGIN .main-nosplit -->
<div class="main-nosplit">
<!--<div class="widget-0 first panel">
<h3>Advertising</h3>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
var rkbspt = document.createElement('script');
rkbspt.type = 'text/javascript';
rkbspt.src = 'https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/getads.js';
var rkbscpt = document.querySelector('.widget-0.panel').appendChild(rkbspt);
rkbscpt.onload = function(){
aax_getad_mpb({
"slot_uuid":"557c365d-8984-4710-a63b-62d1baabc10e"
});
};
*/
</script>
<script id="mNCC" language="javascript">
medianet_width = "336";
medianet_height = "280";
medianet_crid = "436333511";
medianet_versionId = "3111299";
</script>
<script src="//contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC4DD64"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var e9 = new Object();
e9.size = "300x250";
e9.noAd = 1;
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/BTF/tags.js"></script>
</div>-->
<div class="widget_text widget-1 first panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!--
e9 = new Object();
e9.size = "300x250,300x600";
e9.noAd = 1;
//--></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div><div class="widget-2 panel"><div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="menu-top-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-154 custom-class-1"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-155 custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-156 custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-157 custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-158 custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li>
</ul></div></div><div class="widget_text widget-3 panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!--
e9 = new Object();
e9.size = "300x250,300x600";
e9.noAd = 1;
//--></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div><div class="widget_text widget-4 last panel"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script type="text/javascript"><!--
e9 = new Object();
e9.size = "300x250,300x600";
e9.noAd = 1;
//--></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/Lawscom/ROS/tags.js"></script></div></div>
<!-- END .main-nosplit -->
</div>
<!-- END .main-content-right -->
</div>
<div class="clear-float"></div>
<!-- END .wrapper -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .content -->
</div>
<!-- BEGIN .footer -->
<div class="footer">
<!-- BEGIN .wrapper -->
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="banner-block">
<!-- <a href="http://www.orange-themes.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/banner-468x60.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a>-->
</div>
<!-- Disable breaking news slider - Peter - 7 Apr 2015 -->
<!-- BEGIN .footer-content -->
<div class="footer-content">
<div class="footer-menu">
<ul class="load-responsive" rel="Footer Menu"><li id="menu-item-148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-148 custom-class-1"><a href="https://www.laws.com/">Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-149" class="menu_red menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-149 custom-class-2"><a href="https://lawyer.laws.com/">Lawyers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-150" class="menu_green menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-150 custom-class-3"><a href="https://find.laws.com/">Find Laws</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152" class="menu_boldred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-152 custom-class-4"><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/">Legal Forms</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-151" class="menu_blue menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151 custom-class-5"><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/">State Laws</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="left">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/alabama-forms">Alabama Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/alaska-forms">Alaska Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/arizona-forms">Arizona Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/arkansas-forms">Arkansas Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/california-forms">California Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/colorado-forms">Colorado Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/connecticut-forms">Connecticut Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/district-of-columbia-forms">District Of Columbia Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/delaware-forms">Delaware Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/florida-forms">Florida Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/georgia-forms">Georgia Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/idaho-forms">Idaho Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/hawaii-forms">Hawaii Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/illinois-forms">Illinois Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/indiana-forms">Indiana Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/iowa-forms">Iowa Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/kansas-forms">Kansas Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/kentucky-forms">Kentucky Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/louisiana-forms">Louisiana Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/maine-forms">Maine Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/maryland-forms">Maryland Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/massachusetts-forms">Massachusetts Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/michigan-forms">Michigan Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/minnesota-forms">Minnesota Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/mississippi-forms">Mississippi Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/missouri-forms">Missouri Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/montana-forms">Montana Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/nebraska-forms">Nebraska Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/nevada-forms">Nevada Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-hampshire-forms">New Hampshire Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-jersey-forms">New Jersey Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-mexico-forms">New Mexico Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/new-york-forms">New York Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/north-carolina-forms">North Carolina Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/north-dakota-forms">North Dakota Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/ohio-forms">Ohio Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/oklahoma-forms">Oklahoma Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/oregon-forms">Oregon Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/pennsylvania-forms">Pennsylvania Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/rhode-island-forms">Rhode Island Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/south-carolina-forms">South Carolina Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/south-dakota-forms">South Dakota Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/tennessee-forms">Tennessee Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/texas-forms">Texas Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/utah-forms">Utah Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/vermont-forms">Vermont Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/virginia-forms">Virginia Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/washington-forms">Washington Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/west-virginia-forms">West Virginia Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/wisconsin-forms">Wisconsin Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://legal-forms.laws.com/wyoming-forms">Wyoming Forms</a></li>
</ul>
<div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/alabama">Alabama Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/alaska">Alaska Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/arizona">Arizona Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/arkansas">Arkansas Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/california">California Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/connecticut">Connecticut Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/delaware">Delaware Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/district-of-columbia">District of Columbia Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/florida">Florida Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/georgia">Georgia Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/hawaii">Hawaii Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/idaho">Idaho Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/illinois">Illinois Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/indiana">Indiana Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/iowa">Iowa Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/kansas">Kansas Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/kentucky">Kentucky Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/louisiana">Louisiana Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/maine">Maine Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/maryland">Maryland Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/massachusetts">Massachusetts Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/michigan">Michigan Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/minnesota">Minnesota Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/mississippi">Mississippi Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/missouri">Missouri Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/montana">Montana Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/nebraska">Nebraska Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/nevada">Nevada Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-hampshire">New Hampshire Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-jersey">New Jersey Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-mexico">New Mexico Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/new-york">New York Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/north-carolina">North Carolina Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota">North Dakota Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/ohio">Ohio Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/oklahoma">Oklahoma Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/oregon">Oregon Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/rhode-island">Rhode Island Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/south-carolina">South Carolina Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/south-dakota">South Dakota Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/tennessee">Tennessee Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/texas">Texas Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/utah">Utah Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/vermont">Vermont Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/washington">Washington Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/west-virginia">West Virginia Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/wisconsin">Wisconsin Codes & Statutes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://statutes.laws.com/wyoming">Wyoming Codes & Statutes</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</center><br>
<div class="footer-menu">
<ul class="load-responsive" rel="Footer Menu"><li id="menu-item-34164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34164"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/about">Contact Us</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-34165" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34165"><a href="https://marketing.laws.com">Lawyer Marketing</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-34166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34166"><a href="https://advertising.laws.com/">Advertise on Laws.com</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-34167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34167"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/AboutUs">About Us</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-34168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34168"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/TermsOfUse">Terms of Use</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-34169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34169"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-34170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34170"><a href="https://www.laws.com/category/AdvertisingPolicy">Advertising Policy</a></li>
</ul> </div>
<strong>Disclaimer</strong> <br>There is no confidential attorney-client relationship formed by using Laws.com website and information provided on this site is not legal advice. For legal advice, please contact your attorney. Attorneys listed on this website are not referred or endorsed by this website. By using Laws.com you agree to Laws.com Terms Of Use.<br>
Copyright © 2017 Laws.com | All rights reserved
</div>
<!--<div class="right">Designed by <a href="https://laws.com" target="_blank">Laws.com</a></div>-->
<div class="clear-float"></div>
<!-- END .footer-content -->
</div>
<!-- END .wrapper -->
</div>
<!-- END .footer -->
</div>
<!-- END .boxed -->
</div>
<div class="lightbox">
<div class="lightcontent-loading">
<h2 class="light-title">Loading..</h2>
<a href="#" onclick="javascript:lightboxclose();" class="light-close"><i class="fa fa-times"></i>Close Window</a>
<div class="loading-box">
<h3>Loading, Please Wait!</h3>
<span>This may take a second or two.</span>
<span class="loading-image"><img src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/images/loading.gif" title="" alt="" /></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="lightcontent"></div>
</div>
<script>
window.RS_MODULES = window.RS_MODULES || {};
window.RS_MODULES.modules = window.RS_MODULES.modules || {};
window.RS_MODULES.waiting = window.RS_MODULES.waiting || [];
window.RS_MODULES.defered = true;
window.RS_MODULES.moduleWaiting = window.RS_MODULES.moduleWaiting || {};
window.RS_MODULES.type = 'compiled';
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g
var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '')
history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash)
</script>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='rs-plugin-settings-css' href='https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/css/rs6.css?ver=6.6.11' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='rs-plugin-settings-inline-css' type='text/css'>
#rs-demo-id {}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="swv-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/statutes.laws.com\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"};
/* ]]]]><![CDATA[> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="contact-form-7-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wpil-frontend-script-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wpilFrontend = {"ajaxUrl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","postId":"19","postType":"post","openInternalInNewTab":"1","openExternalInNewTab":"1","disableClicks":"0","openLinksWithJS":"0","trackAllElementClicks":"0","clicksI18n":{"imageNoText":"Image in link: No Text","imageText":"Image Title: ","noText":"No Anchor Text Found"}};
/* ]]]]><![CDATA[> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/link-whisper-premium/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1708797351" id="wpil-frontend-script-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rbtools.min.js?ver=6.6.11" defer async id="tp-tools-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rs6.min.js?ver=6.6.11" defer async id="revmin-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-effects-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-slide.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-effects-slide-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/admin/jquery.c00kie.js?ver=1.0" id="cookies-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.floating_popup.1.3.min.js?ver=1.0" id="banner-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/theme-scripts.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/-scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.event.move.js?ver=1.3.1" id="move-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.event.swipe.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="swipe-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/lib/bower/isotope/dist/isotope.pkgd.min.js?ver=7.5" id="isotope-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/jquery.infinitescroll.min.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="infinitescroll-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/lightbox.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="lightbox-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/iscroll.js?ver=a5641cd4dc387370aaa12d48da898bd7" id="iscroll-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/ot_gallery.js?ver=1.0" id="ot-gallery-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/scripts.js?ver=1.0" id="ot-scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/themes/legatus/js/legatus.js?ver=1.0.0" id="scripts-wp-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="toc-front-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"};
var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"};
var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"};
/* ]]]]><![CDATA[> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://statutes.laws.com/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/front.min.js?ver=2309" id="toc-front-js"></script>
<script></script>
<!-- END body -->
</body>
<!-- END html -->
</html>]]>