Alabama Statutes

Title 12 — COURTS.

Chapter 1 — GENERAL PROVISIONS.
- Section 12-1-1 Effect of rules of Supreme Court of Alabama.
- Section 12-1-10 Punishment by courts for contempt.
- Section 12-1-11 Appeal to appellate court by attorney or officer from judgment of contempt.
- Section 12-1-12 Grounds for disqualification of judges from trial of cases generally.
- Section 12-1-13 Grounds for disqualification of justices of Supreme Court and judges of courts of appeals from participation in decision of cases.
- Section 12-1-14 Appointment, powers, compensation, etc., of special judges for circuit, district, or probate court.
- Section 12-1-14.1 Appointment of special judge upon request; temporary service.
- Section 12-1-14.2 Senior judge status.
- Section 12-1-15 Benefits to which judges, officers, employees, etc., of judicial branch of government entitled; uniformity of treatment as to benefits, etc., of supernumerary justices and judges and r
- Section 12-1-16 Voluntary diminution of compensation, benefits, etc., by judges, officers, employees, etc., of judicial branch of government.
- Section 12-1-17 Reimbursement of travel expenses of judges, officers, etc., of appellate courts attending judicial colleges, seminars, etc.
- Section 12-1-18 Reimbursement of travel expenses of circuit judges, district court judges, municipal judges, court-supportive personnel, etc.; effect of failure to attend educational conference, semin
- Section 12-1-19 Monthly reports of clerks of circuit, district and municipal courts as to fines, fees, etc., collected.
- Section 12-1-2 Vesting of judicial power of state generally.
- Section 12-1-20 Appellate courts, Administrative Office of Courts and Department of Court Management authorized to contract with counties, municipalities, etc., for offices and other physical faciliti
- Section 12-1-21 Salaries of court personnel, etc.
- Section 12-1-22 Certain statutes relative to judicial circuits and court personnel continued in effect.
- Section 12-1-23 Reasonable accommodation for those in need of special services, etc.
- Section 12-1-3 Vesting of criminal jurisdiction.
- Section 12-1-4 Transfer of cases improperly submitted to Supreme Court or courts of appeals.
- Section 12-1-5 Procedure when bill to increase or decrease number of judges or change boundaries of circuit or district introduced in Legislature.
- Section 12-1-6 Procedure when local legislation affecting judiciary introduced in Legislature.
- Section 12-1-7 Powers of courts as to preservation of order, enforcement of judgments, etc., generally.
- Section 12-1-8 Cases in which courts may issue attachments and inflict summary punishment for contempt.
- Section 12-1-9 Conduct of inquiries, etc., as to violations of Section 12-1-8 and punishment of offenders.
Chapter 2 — SUPREME COURT.
- Section 12-2-1 (Effective January 1, 2010) Composition of court; election and terms of office of justices.
- Section 12-2-10 Advisory opinions on constitutional questions - How opinion obtained.
- Section 12-2-100 Collection and disposition of fees and costs of clerk; quarterly statement to department of finance of fees paid into treasury.
- Section 12-2-11 Advisory opinions on constitutional questions - Request and receipt by court of briefs from Attorney General and amici curiae as to questions presented.
- Section 12-2-110 Office created; appointment and removal of deputy clerk.
- Section 12-2-111 Salary.
- Section 12-2-112 Powers and duties.
- Section 12-2-12 Advisory opinions on constitutional questions - Effect of opinion.
- Section 12-2-13 Standard for decision of cases in which existing opinion and former ruling in case conflict.
- Section 12-2-130 Confidential secretary of Chief Justice.
- Section 12-2-131 Confidential secretaries for associate justices and supernumerary justices - Appointment, compensation, etc.
- Section 12-2-132 Confidential secretaries for associate justices and supernumerary justices - Duties.
- Section 12-2-14 Appointment of members of bar to sit as special judges in determination of certain cases.
- Section 12-2-15 Minutes of court and reports of decisions to state names of judges sitting in final decision of cases.
- Section 12-2-157 Library fund.
- Section 12-2-159 Library tax.
- Section 12-2-16 Advisory and standing committees.
- Section 12-2-160 Justices to make rules for preservation and protection of libraries.
- Section 12-2-17 Establishment of additional duties for judges.
- Section 12-2-18 Institution and maintenance of safety programs and precautions for security and protection of judicial building, etc., authorized; designation of marshal, assistant marshals, etc., as
- Section 12-2-19 Filing and publication of rules promulgated by court; promulgation of administrative rules as to collection, use, disclosure, etc., of information, statistics, etc., involved in admini
- Section 12-2-2 Powers of justices - Issuance of writs of certiorari and granting of injunctions.
- Section 12-2-20 Purposes for which appropriations may be used.
- Section 12-2-21 Appointment, compensation, etc., of staff attorneys.
- Section 12-2-3 Powers of justices - Administration of oaths and taking of affidavits and acknowledgments.
- Section 12-2-30 Powers and duties as to supervision and administration of courts generally.
- Section 12-2-31 Provision for compilation and tabulation of reports and information supplied to office.
- Section 12-2-32 Employment, etc., of court attendant.
- Section 12-2-33 Ordering of special sessions of courts, etc.
- Section 12-2-34 Ordering of attendance of district attorneys at special sessions of courts, etc.
- Section 12-2-35 Notification of Chief Justice by judge or district attorney unable to attend court; designation of judge or district attorney to attend and hold court.
- Section 12-2-36 Ordering of judges to attend and hold court, etc., in other circuits.
- Section 12-2-37 Forfeiture by judge failing to order or attend special session of court, etc.
- Section 12-2-38 Forfeiture by district attorney failing to perform duties required by Sections 12-2-34 and 12-2-35.
- Section 12-2-4 Salary of justices.
- Section 12-2-5 Performance of duties or functions of Chief Justice in event of absence from state or disability thereof generally.
- Section 12-2-50 Continuation of laws concerning duties, benefits, etc.
- Section 12-2-6 Performance of duties of Chief Justice in event of extended absence from court or disability thereof.
- Section 12-2-7 Jurisdiction and powers of court generally.
- Section 12-2-70 Appointment.
- Section 12-2-71 Clerks to serve appointing justices; dismissal of clerks and appointment of successors.
- Section 12-2-72 Salaries.
- Section 12-2-8 Regular terms of court.
- Section 12-2-9 Special terms.
- Section 12-2-90 Appointment and removal of clerk.
- Section 12-2-91 Bond generally.
- Section 12-2-92 When additional bond required; effect of failure to give additional bond.
- Section 12-2-93 Salary.
- Section 12-2-94 Confidential assistant.
- Section 12-2-95 Employment of additional help.
- Section 12-2-96 Office and office hours.
- Section 12-2-97 Powers and duties generally.
- Section 12-2-98 Payment of costs for preserving records.
- Section 12-2-99 Furnishing of record books, blanks and stationery.
Chapter 3 — COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS AND COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS.
Chapter 4A — EMPLOYEES OF SUPREME COURT, COURTS OF APPEAL, AND STATE LAW LIBRARY.
Chapter 5 — ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF COURTS AND DEPARTMENT OF COURT MANAGEMENT.
Chapter 5A —
Chapter 6 — JUDICIAL INQUIRY COMMISSION.
Chapter 7 — COURT OF THE JUDICIARY.
Chapter 8 — JUDICIAL CONFERENCE.
Chapter 9 — JUDICIAL SYSTEM STUDY COMMISSION.
Chapter 10 — JUDICIAL COMPENSATION COMMISSION.
- Section 12-10-1 Designation and term of office of chairman.
- Section 12-10-2 Powers of members of commission as to witnesses, etc.
- Section 12-10-3 Reimbursement of expenses of members of commission.
- Section 12-10-4 Recommendation to Legislature by commission of salary and expense allowances to be paid judges generally.
- Section 12-10-5 When recommendations may be submitted to Legislature; recommendations to become law upon adjournment of legislative session to which submitted unless rejected or altered by legislative
Chapter 10A — Uniform Judicial Pay Plan
- Section 12-10A-1 Compensation of judges - Uniform plan.
- Section 12-10A-2 Compensation of judges - Phase-out of local supplements and expense allowances.
- Section 12-10A-3 Applicability to judicial retirement compensation.
- Section 12-10A-4 Funding.
- Section 12-10A-5 Increase in fees.
- Section 12-10A-6 Applicability to other constitutional officers.
Chapter 11 — CIRCUIT COURTS.
- Section 12-11-1 (Effective January 1, 2010) Circuit court in every county.
- Section 12-11-10 Transfer of cases - Involuntary juvenile commitment proceedings.
- Section 12-11-11 Transfer of cases - Transfer to another court in same county.
- Section 12-11-2 State divided into judicial circuits; enumeration of circuits.
- Section 12-11-3 Circuit court to be held in each county at courthouse, etc.
- Section 12-11-30 Generally.
- Section 12-11-31 Equitable jurisdiction.
- Section 12-11-32 Jurisdiction to sell property and franchises of public utility corporation.
- Section 12-11-33 Cases of which circuit courts take cognizance in equitable matters.
- Section 12-11-4 When courts open.
- Section 12-11-40 Proceedings on administration of estates in circuit court.
- Section 12-11-41 Removal of administration of estates from probate court.
- Section 12-11-5 Provision for regular or special sessions of court.
- Section 12-11-6 Notice of special sessions.
- Section 12-11-60 Settlements of estates.
- Section 12-11-61 Irregular sales of lands under decrees of probate court may be confirmed.
- Section 12-11-7 Witnesses and process for special sessions.
- Section 12-11-8 "Session of court" defined.
- Section 12-11-9 Transfer of cases - Between circuit court and district court.
Chapter 12 — DISTRICT COURTS.
- Section 12-12-1 (Effective January 1, 2010) Establishment, designation, etc.; location of sessions of district courts; abolition of courts not authorized by Constitution.
- Section 12-12-10 Supervision of district courts by presiding circuit judges.
- Section 12-12-11 Applicability of Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure.
- Section 12-12-2 District court a court of record; preparation, maintenance, etc., of records of proceedings generally; employment of reporters or provision for transcripts of proceedings by parties.
- Section 12-12-3 Trial of cases.
- Section 12-12-30 Civil jurisdiction generally.
- Section 12-12-31 Small claims actions; representation by attorney optional; when; attorney's fees; prosecution of assigned claims by attorney only; attorney must be licensed.
- Section 12-12-32 Criminal jurisdiction generally.
- Section 12-12-33 Extradition proceedings.
- Section 12-12-34 Juvenile jurisdiction.
- Section 12-12-35 Transfer of adoption proceedings to district court from probate court; maintenance of records of adoption proceedings.
- Section 12-12-36 Venue generally; transfer of actions improperly located; designation of additional locations for court sites.
- Section 12-12-4 Powers of court as to disposition of criminal cases generally.
- Section 12-12-5 Continuation of cases to permit payment of fines and costs.
- Section 12-12-50 "Traffic infraction" defined.
- Section 12-12-51 District court jurisdiction of misdemeanor prosecutions for traffic infractions.
- Section 12-12-52 Receipt of guilty pleas in traffic infraction prosecutions by magistrates.
- Section 12-12-53 Requirement of use of uniform traffic ticket and complaint.
- Section 12-12-54 Accounting for uniform traffic tickets and complaints; disposition of forms; records and reports.
- Section 12-12-55 Establishment of schedules of fines for traffic infractions; provision for manner of payment and accounting for of fines and costs.
- Section 12-12-56 Law enforcement officers, etc., not to dispose of uniform traffic tickets or complaints, etc., in unauthorized manner; persons soliciting, etc., unauthorized disposition, etc., of uni
- Section 12-12-6 Powers as to punishment for contempt.
- Section 12-12-7 Issuance of writs.
- Section 12-12-70 Right of appeal and procedure for appeals generally; dismissal for failure to appear.
- Section 12-12-71 When appeals taken to circuit courts; nature of proceedings and right to jury trial upon appeals to circuit courts.
- Section 12-12-72 When appeals may be taken directly to appellate courts.
- Section 12-12-73 Bonds on appeals.
- Section 12-12-8 District attorney of circuit charged with responsibility for district court prosecutions.
- Section 12-12-9 Abolition of office of county solicitor and performance of functions thereof by assistant district attorneys; election by county solicitors serving terms to which elected prior to Janu
Chapter 13 — PROBATE COURTS.
- Section 12-13-1 Jurisdiction generally; validity and presumptions to be accorded to judgments, orders, etc., of probate courts.
- Section 12-13-10 Changes of venue.
- Section 12-13-11 Grounds for granting new trials; costs therefor.
- Section 12-13-12 Applicability of provisions pertaining to evidence, pleading, and practice, etc., in circuit court.
- Section 12-13-13 Chief clerk of probate court - Oath and bond.
- Section 12-13-14 Chief clerk of probate court - Powers generally; authority for performance of official acts of chief clerk generally.
- Section 12-13-15 Chief clerk of probate court - Acts which may be performed by chief clerk during vacancy in office of probate judge; authority, compensation and liability of chief clerk for acts perf
- Section 12-13-16 Preparation, etc., by probate judge, register, etc., of papers, documents, etc., to be heard, etc., by such judge or register.
- Section 12-13-17 Liability of sheriff, deputies, etc., for failure to make money on or return execution issued by probate court, etc.
- Section 12-13-18 Failure of clerk, etc., to deliver books, papers, money, etc., to successor of probate judge.
- Section 12-13-19 Payment by county of expenses incurred by probate judge, etc., in attending state or national conferences, schools, etc.
- Section 12-13-2 Person in federal service and spouse thereof who die while living within state deemed resident of state and of county in which living for purposes of probate jurisdiction.
- Section 12-13-20 Salaried probate judges' compensation; funds to come from county's general fund.
- Section 12-13-21 Appointment of guardian for developmentally disabled person.
- Section 12-13-22 Requirement to redact, remove, etc., Social Security number or birthdate on certain documents; electronic availability of records.
- Section 12-13-3 When courts deemed open for granting of letters testamentary, etc., and making of orders grantable as matter of course; limitation period for setting aside or amendment of orders or de
- Section 12-13-30 Election; term of office.
- Section 12-13-31 Qualifications.
- Section 12-13-32 Filling of vacancies.
- Section 12-13-33 Amount of bond.
- Section 12-13-34 Persons who may institute civil actions on bonds of judges.
- Section 12-13-35 Seal of office.
- Section 12-13-36 Offices and office hours.
- Section 12-13-37 Appointment of special judge when probate judge incompetent, absent, sick, etc., generally; powers and duties of special judge and force, effect, etc., of judgments, orders and decree
- Section 12-13-38 Appointment of special judge in event of refusal to act, death, etc., of original special judge and continuation of incompetence, absence, etc., of probate judge.
- Section 12-13-39 Probate judges deemed conservators of peace.
- Section 12-13-4 Where cases, etc., may be heard, etc., in counties where terms of court held in places other than county seat.
- Section 12-13-40 Powers of probate judges generally.
- Section 12-13-41 Duties of probate judges generally.
- Section 12-13-42 Furnishing to veterans administration of copies of decrees upon settlement by guardians of beneficiaries of administration; payment of fees therefor.
- Section 12-13-43 Maintenance of general direct and reverse indexes of instruments filed for record; liability of probate judge for failure to comply with provisions of section.
- Section 12-13-44 Reports to Department of Human Resources as to adoptions - Required.
- Section 12-13-46 Authorization by county commission of rebinding or recopying of books in office of probate judge; manner of recopying or rebinding and compensation of probate judge therefor.
- Section 12-13-47 Execution of contract for rebinding of books by probate judge; surrender of custody of books for rebinding.
- Section 12-13-48 Payment to probate judge of money due on decree upon settlement by executor, administrator, etc.; duty of judge as to payment of money to person entitled thereto and liability for fai
- Section 12-13-49 Payment of probate judge for receipt of money under Section 12-13-48.
- Section 12-13-5 Form, execution, return, etc., of letters testamentary, etc., and process of probate court generally.
- Section 12-13-50 Examination of records of probate judge.
- Section 12-13-53 Failure to collect recording or registration tax, etc., upon mortgages, deeds of trust, etc.
- Section 12-13-54 Failure to keep abstract of mortgages, etc.
- Section 12-13-6 When process of probate court may be made returnable.
- Section 12-13-7 Garnishments - Issuance, enforcement, etc., generally.
- Section 12-13-70 Continuation of laws concerning duties, benefits, etc.
- Section 12-13-8 Garnishments - Applicability of provisions pertaining to garnishments in circuit court.
- Section 12-13-9 Powers of probate court as to punishment for contempt.
Chapter 14 — MUNICIPAL COURTS.
- Section 12-14-1 Establishment; jurisdiction.
- Section 12-14-10 Powers of courts as to trial and disposition of cases generally.
- Section 12-14-11 Acceptance of defendant's bond upon showing of inability to make immediate payment of fines and costs; issuance of execution on bond upon nonpayment of fines and costs.
- Section 12-14-12 Requirement of working out of amount of judgment when not paid within time prescribed.
- Section 12-14-13 Probation.
- Section 12-14-14 Court costs.
- Section 12-14-15 Power of mayor to remit fines and costs, commute sentences imposed by municipal judges, etc.; report of actions to municipal governing body.
- Section 12-14-16 Reports as to proceedings of courts.
- Section 12-14-17 Procedure for abolition of municipal courts by governing bodies of municipalities; effect of abolition generally.
- Section 12-14-18 Remittance of court costs, fines and forfeitures previously collected upon abolition of municipal court.
- Section 12-14-19 Procedure for reestablishment of municipal courts and effect thereof.
- Section 12-14-2 Provision by municipality of facilities, court personnel, prosecutorial services, etc.
- Section 12-14-3 Municipal governing body to provide for number of judges and times and places for holding court.
- Section 12-14-30 Appointment, terms of office and qualifications; designation, etc., of presiding judge; filling of vacancies; oath; grounds for disqualification of judges from hearing of cases; pract
- Section 12-14-31 Powers generally; designation of other municipal officers to approve appearance and appeal bonds.
- Section 12-14-32 Issuance of arrest and search warrants.
- Section 12-14-33 Salary; retirement.
- Section 12-14-34 Acting municipal judges.
- Section 12-14-4 Execution by sheriffs and municipal law enforcement officers of warrants and processes committed to them for service by municipal judges.
- Section 12-14-5 Admission to bail of persons charged with violations of municipal ordinances; waiver of appearance bond.
- Section 12-14-50 Municipal court administrative agency authorized; powers and duties thereof; persons deemed officials of agency; judicial powers thereof generally.
- Section 12-14-51 Magistrates deemed chief officers of agency; appointment and powers of magistrates.
- Section 12-14-52 Supreme Court to provide rules of administration for agency.
- Section 12-14-53 Reimbursement by new employer for training expenses.
- Section 12-14-54 Certification program; continuing education requirements.
- Section 12-14-6 Cases to be tried by judge without jury.
- Section 12-14-7 Courts to take judicial notice of ordinances of municipality.
- Section 12-14-70 Appeals to circuit courts from judgments of municipal courts and proceedings thereon.
- Section 12-14-71 Appeals from judgments of circuit courts and proceedings thereon.
- Section 12-14-8 Traffic infractions procedure.
- Section 12-14-9 Provision of indigent defense services.
Chapter 15 — JUVENILE PROCEEDINGS.
- Section 12-15-1 Definitions.
- Section 12-15-1.1 Alabama Juvenile Justice Act; short title; purpose clause; goals for juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-10 Liability of counties for expenses of maintenance and care of children; reimbursement.
- Section 12-15-10.1 Attorney fees provisions repealed.
- Section 12-15-100 Filing and inspection of records, etc.
- Section 12-15-101 Purpose of the Alabama Juvenile Justice Act; short title; goals for the juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-102 Definitions.
- Section 12-15-103 Juvenile court judges may be circuit or district court judges; maintenance of separate juvenile case action summaries; promulgation of rules of procedure for juvenile courts; powers
- Section 12-15-104 Advisory boards.
- Section 12-15-105 Exercise of authority by district attorneys in juvenile court proceedings generally; assistance by district attorneys in the juvenile courts; representation of the state by district
- Section 12-15-106 Juvenile court referees' qualifications and appointment; conduct of hearings of cases by juvenile court referees; transmission of findings and recommendations for disposition of
- Section 12-15-107 Juvenile probation officers - Duties of juvenile probation officers generally; powers of juvenile probation officers as to taking into custody and placing in shelter or detention car
- Section 12-15-108 Liability of counties for expenses of maintenance and care of children under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to this chapter; reimbursement.
- Section 12-15-109 Issuance of orders to parents for payment of court costs, fees of attorneys, and expenses for support, treatment of children under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to
- Section 12-15-11 Issuance of order to parents, etc., for payment of court costs, attorney's fees and expenses for support, treatment, etc., of children; manner of payment, etc.; proceedings upon f
- Section 12-15-11.1 Order requiring parents or guardian to assist delinquent child in complying with terms of probation; penalties; exemptions.
- Section 12-15-110 Punishment for contempt of court of persons disobeying orders of the juvenile court generally.
- Section 12-15-111 Contributing to the delinquency, dependency, or need of supervision of children.
- Section 12-15-112 Interference with performance of duties by juvenile probation officers.
- Section 12-15-113 Jurisdiction to make a parent or parents, legal guardians, or legal custodians parties to juvenile court proceedings.
- Section 12-15-114 Original jurisdiction - Juvenile.
- Section 12-15-115 Original jurisdiction - Civil.
- Section 12-15-116 Original jurisdiction - Criminal
- Section 12-15-117 Retention and termination of jurisdiction generally.
- Section 12-15-118 Duties of juvenile court intake officers.
- Section 12-15-119 Informal adjustment of certain cases prior to filing of juvenile petition.
- Section 12-15-12 Punishment for contempt of court of persons disobeying orders of court, etc., generally; limitation upon powers of courts with respect to children violating terms and conditions of or
- Section 12-15-120 Cases initiated by filing of petitions by juvenile court intake officers.
- Section 12-15-121 Form, contents, and execution of juvenile petitions.
- Section 12-15-122 Issuance and service of summonses generally; waiver of service of summonses.
- Section 12-15-123 Manner of service of summons.
- Section 12-15-124 Authority of juvenile court to make interlocutory or final dispositional orders in cases where parties served by publication.
- Section 12-15-125 Taking into custody of children generally.
- Section 12-15-126 Issuance of pick-up order for taking into custody.
- Section 12-15-127 Release, delivery to detention or shelter care facility, medical facility of children taken into custody generally.
- Section 12-15-128 Authority and criteria for continuation of detention or shelter care of children taken into custody beyond 72 hours.
- Section 12-15-129 Conduct of hearings generally.
- Section 12-15-13 Causing, etc., of delinquency, dependency or need of supervision of children.
- Section 12-15-130 Ordering, conduct, and certification of findings of mental and physical examinations of children; minors or children believed to be individuals with a mental illness or an intellectu
- Section 12-15-131 Issuance of orders restraining conduct of parties to proceedings.
- Section 12-15-132 Proceedings against children violating terms of probation or aftercare; disposition of these children.
- Section 12-15-133 Filing and inspection of records.
- Section 12-15-134 Maintenance and inspection of law enforcement records.
- Section 12-15-135 Taking and disposition of fingerprints, photographs, blood samples.
- Section 12-15-136 Proceedings for sealing legal and social files and records of courts, pertaining to certain persons and effect thereof.
- Section 12-15-137 Proceedings for destruction of legal and social files and records of juvenile courts pertaining to certain persons and effect thereof.
- Section 12-15-138 Power of juvenile courts to enter protection or restraint ex parte order; when order may be entered; purpose of order.
- Section 12-15-139 Requisites for order; notice and hearing; evidentiary standard; showing of necessity to protect health or safety of child subject to a juvenile court proceeding, best interests of th
- Section 12-15-14 Disregarding, etc., of lawful order of court or interference with custody of child under jurisdiction of court.
- Section 12-15-140 Content of order; order may set forth reasonable conditions of behavior for parents, persons responsible for care; enumeration of certain specific requirements which may be included
- Section 12-15-141 Emergency ex parte orders authorized upon showing of verified evidence of abuse or neglect; evidence required; hearing required within 72 hours of issuance of order.
- Section 12-15-142 Modification, extension, or termination of order after notice and hearing for person subject thereto; findings required concerning best interests of the child subject to a juvenile c
- Section 12-15-143 Violations of orders punished as contempt; willful conduct rendering violator responsible for court costs and attorney fees.
- Section 12-15-144 Construction of sections; sections to be read in pari materia with certain other laws.
- Section 12-15-15 Removal, concealment, etc., of delinquent or dependent child or child in need of supervision, etc.; interference with performance of duties by probation officer, etc.
- Section 12-15-150 Power of courts exercising juvenile jurisdiction to enter protection or restraint order; when order may be entered; purpose of order.
- Section 12-15-151 Requisites for order; notice and hearing; evidentiary standard; showing of necessity to protect health or safety of child, child's best interest.
- Section 12-15-152 Content of order; order may set forth reasonable conditions of behavior for parents, persons responsible for care, etc.; enumeration of certain specific requirements which may be inc
- Section 12-15-153 Emergency ex parte orders authorized upon showing of verified evidence of abuse or neglect; evidence required; hearing required within 72 hours of issuance of order.
- Section 12-15-154 Modification, extension or termination of order after notice and hearing for person subject thereto; findings required concerning child's best interests.
- Section 12-15-155 Violations of orders punished as contempt; wilful conduct rendering violator responsible for court costs and attorney fees.
- Section 12-15-156 Construction of article; article to be read in pari materia with certain other laws.
- Section 12-15-170 Creation of Executive Council of the Alabama Children's Services Facilitation Team; membership; duties.
- Section 12-15-171 Children's Services Facilitation Team established; membership; term; duties; hiring authority.
- Section 12-15-172 County facilitation teams established; appointments; meetings; duties.
- Section 12-15-173 Reimbursement available for team member expenses.
- Section 12-15-174 State Multiple Needs Children Fund established; use; limitations; accounting system to be maintained; provisions for yearly audit.
- Section 12-15-175 Council to adopt allocation guidelines; granting role of state team; eligible recipients; prerequisites to maintaining funding; penalty for noncompliance; reporting requirement.
- Section 12-15-176 Effect of other laws on this article; compulsory school age attendance statute to remain in full force and effect.
- Section 12-15-2 Circuit courts and district courts to exercise original concurrent juvenile jurisdiction; maintenance of separate juvenile docket and entry of orders and decrees as to juvenile cases i
- Section 12-15-201 Definitions.
- Section 12-15-202 Rights of the child.
- Section 12-15-203 Transfer of cases from juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-204 Acts for which person who has attained age 16 shall be charged, arrested, and tried as adult; removal of person from jurisdiction of juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-205 Venue generally.
- Section 12-15-206 Transfer of delinquent and child in need of supervision proceedings between juvenile courts within the state.
- Section 12-15-207 Filing of petition and conduct of hearing as to necessity for continuation of detention or shelter care of a child; violation of probation and aftercare.
- Section 12-15-208 Facilities to be used for detention or shelter care of children generally; when child may be detained in jail or other facility for detention of adults; notification of juvenile cour
- Section 12-15-209 Children to be released when full-time detention or shelter care not required; conditions imposed upon release; amendment of conditions or return of child to custody upon failure to
- Section 12-15-210 Notification to children of right to counsel; appointment of counsel by juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-211 Suspension of proceedings and continuation of cases under terms and conditions agreed to by parties.
- Section 12-15-212 Conduct of delinquency and child in need of supervision hearings.
- Section 12-15-213 Children charged with delinquent acts or alleged to be in need of supervision to be accorded privilege against self-incrimination; admissibility in evidence of extrajudicial statemen
- Section 12-15-214 Ordering and preparation of study and written report concerning child; ordering, conduct, and certification of findings of physical or mental examination of child prior to hearing on
- Section 12-15-215 Disposition of delinquent children or children in need of supervision generally.
- Section 12-15-216 Legislative intent.
- Section 12-15-217 Notice of delinquent acts.
- Section 12-15-218 Order requiring parent, legal guardian, or legal custodian to assist child in complying with terms of probation; penalties; exemptions.
- Section 12-15-219 Serious juvenile offenders; disposition; serious juvenile offender review panel; facility and programs.
- Section 12-15-220 Orders of disposition not to be deemed convictions, impose civil disabilities, etc.; disposition of child and evidence in hearing not admissible in another court.
- Section 12-15-221 Modification, extension or termination of orders of custody or probation generally.
- Section 12-15-3 Designation of juvenile judges; requirement of monthly reports by judges as to work of juvenile courts.
- Section 12-15-30 Original jurisdiction generally - Children.
- Section 12-15-301 Definitions.
- Section 12-15-302 Venue generally.
- Section 12-15-303 Transfer of dependency proceedings between juvenile courts within the state.
- Section 12-15-304 Appointment by juvenile courts of guardians ad litem.
- Section 12-15-305 Right to counsel for petitioners or respondent parents, legal guardians, or legal custodians in dependency proceedings.
- Section 12-15-306 Removing a child from the custody of a parent, legal guardian, or legal custodian.
- Section 12-15-307 Notice and right to be heard to be given to relatives, preadoptive parents, or foster parents.
- Section 12-15-308 Filing of petition and conduct of 72-hour hearing as to necessity for continuation of shelter care of a child.
- Section 12-15-309 Alleged dependent child to be released when continued shelter care not required; conditions imposed upon release; amendment of conditions or return of child to custody upon failure t
- Section 12-15-31 Original jurisdiction generally - Minors and adults.
- Section 12-15-310 Conduct of adjudicatory hearings.
- Section 12-15-311 Dispositional hearing.
- Section 12-15-312 Reasonable efforts in judicial determinations; situations in which reasonable efforts are not required to be made.
- Section 12-15-313 Ordering and preparation of report concerning a child and family; ordering, conduct, and certification of findings of physical or mental examination of child prior to hearing on peti
- Section 12-15-314 Dispositions for dependent children.
- Section 12-15-315 Permanency hearing for Department of Human Resources cases only.
- Section 12-15-316 Modification, extension, or termination of orders of custody or protective supervision generally.
- Section 12-15-317 Who may file petition.
- Section 12-15-318 Service of process.
- Section 12-15-319 Grounds for termination of parental rights; factors considered; presumption arising from abandonment.
- Section 12-15-32 Retention and termination of jurisdiction generally.
- Section 12-15-320 Dispositions.
- Section 12-15-321 Periodic review of efforts to achieve adoption of child in custody of another after parental rights terminated.
- Section 12-15-322 Authority of one in custody to place child for adoption or consent to adoption.
- Section 12-15-323 Appeals of dependency and termination of parental rights cases.
- Section 12-15-324 Applicability.
- Section 12-15-33 Transfer of cases to juvenile court from other courts; transfer provisions inapplicable to certain offenders.
- Section 12-15-34 Transfer of cases from juvenile court to criminal court.
- Section 12-15-34.1 Acts for which minor who has attained age 16 shall be charged, arrested, and tried as adult; removal of person from jurisdiction of juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-35 Venue generally.
- Section 12-15-36 Transfer of proceedings between juvenile courts within state.
- Section 12-15-4 Advisory boards.
- Section 12-15-401 Definitions.
- Section 12-15-402 Authority and procedure.
- Section 12-15-403 Review of the petition by the juvenile court.
- Section 12-15-404 Service of the petition.
- Section 12-15-406 Determination of placement of the minor or child.
- Section 12-15-407 Probable cause hearings for temporary confinement of the minor or child.
- Section 12-15-408 Conducting hearings to commit the minor or child.
- Section 12-15-409 Role of attorney as advocate; designation of facilities.
- Section 12-15-410 Evidence in commitment proceedings for minor and child with an intellectual disability.
- Section 12-15-411 Discharge of the minor or child from custody of the department.
- Section 12-15-412 Retention of jurisdiction.
- Section 12-15-413 Combining probable cause and final hearings.
- Section 12-15-5 Exercise of authority by district attorney in juvenile proceedings generally; assistance of juvenile court by district attorney; representation of state by district attorney in cases a
- Section 12-15-50 Cases initiated by filing of petitions by intake officers.
- Section 12-15-501 Definitions.
- Section 12-15-502 Referral of multiple needs child case to county team.
- Section 12-15-503 Recommendation by county team; decision by juvenile court of multiple needs child.
- Section 12-15-504 Creation of Executive Council of the State Team; membership; duties.
- Section 12-15-505 State Team established; membership; term; duties; hiring authority.
- Section 12-15-506 County teams established; appointments; meetings; duties.
- Section 12-15-507 Reimbursement available for team member expenses.
- Section 12-15-508 State Multiple Needs Children Fund established; use; limitations; accounting system to be maintained; provisions for yearly audit.
- Section 12-15-509 Executive Council to adopt allocation guidelines; granting role of State Team; eligible recipients; prerequisites to maintaining funding; penalty for noncompliance; reporting require
- Section 12-15-51 Informal adjustment of certain cases prior to filing of petition.
- Section 12-15-52 Form, contents, and execution of petitions.
- Section 12-15-53 Issuance and service of summonses generally; endorsements upon summonses; waiver of service of summonses.
- Section 12-15-54 Manner of service of summons.
- Section 12-15-55 Authority of court to make interlocutory or final dispositional orders in cases where parties served by publication.
- Section 12-15-56 Taking into custody of children generally.
- Section 12-15-57 Issuance of order for taking into custody and bringing before court of child upon failure of parents, etc., to bring child before court upon request.
- Section 12-15-58 Release, delivery to detention or shelter care facility, medical facility, etc., of children taken into custody generally.
- Section 12-15-59 Authority and criteria for continuation of detention or shelter care of children taken into custody.
- Section 12-15-6 Qualifications and appointment of referees; conduct of hearings of cases by referees; transmission of findings and recommendations for disposition of referees to judges; provision of n
- Section 12-15-60 Filing of petition and conduct of hearing as to necessity for continuation of detention or shelter care.
- Section 12-15-601 Appeals from judgments and orders of juvenile courts.
- Section 12-15-61 Definitions; facilities to be used for detention or shelter care of children generally; when delinquent child, etc., may be detained in jail or other facility for detention of adults;
- Section 12-15-62 Child to be released when full-time detention or shelter care not required; conditions imposed upon release; amendment of conditions or return of child to custody upon failure to conf
- Section 12-15-63 Notification of children, parents, guardians, etc., of right to counsel; appointment of counsel by court.
- Section 12-15-64 Suspension of proceedings and continuation of cases under terms and conditions agreed to by parties.
- Section 12-15-65 Conduct of hearings and disposition of cases generally; special procedure for possible multiple needs child; reasonable efforts.
- Section 12-15-66 Children charged with delinquent acts or alleged to be in need of supervision to be accorded privilege against self-incrimination; admissibility in evidence, etc., of extra judicial s
- Section 12-15-68 Granting of continuances in cases.
- Section 12-15-69 Ordering and preparation of predisposition study and report concerning child, family, etc.; ordering, conduct, and certification of findings of physical or mental examination of child
- Section 12-15-7 Appointment, terms of office, etc., of probation officers; designation of chief probation officer, etc.; duties of probation officers generally; powers of probation officers and repres
- Section 12-15-70 Ordering, conduct and certification of findings of mental and physical examinations of children; proceedings as to minors or children believed to be mentally ill or retarded generally
- Section 12-15-71 Disposition of dependent children, delinquent children, multiple needs children, or children in need of supervision generally; evaluative role of children's services facilitation
- Section 12-15-71.1 Serious juvenile offenders; disposition; serious juvenile offender review panel; facility and programs.
- Section 12-15-72 Orders of disposition, etc., not to be deemed convictions, impose civil disabilities, etc.; disposition of child and evidence in hearing not admissible in another court.
- Section 12-15-73 Issuance of orders restraining conduct of parties to proceedings.
- Section 12-15-74 Modification, extension or revocation of orders of custody, probation or protective supervision generally.
- Section 12-15-75 Proceedings against children violating terms of probation, aftercare or protective supervision; disposition of such children.
- Section 12-15-76 Procedure and dispositions in cases involving minors or adults.
- Section 12-15-8 Appointment by courts of guardians ad litem or guardians of the person for children.
- Section 12-15-9 Issuance of order to parents, etc., for payment for support, treatment, etc., of children in custody of persons other than parents generally; proceedings upon failure of parents, etc.,
- Section 12-15-90 Authority and procedure.
Chapter 16 — JURIES.
- Section 12-16-1 When words "jury" or "juries" include court or judge.
- Section 12-16-10 Provision of lodging and meals for jurors, etc., when jury kept together without separation overnight, etc.; presumption as to separation of jurors on basis of sex.
- Section 12-16-100 Drawing, selection, and empaneling of juries in criminal cases - Generally.
- Section 12-16-101 Drawing, selection, and empaneling of juries in criminal cases - Where two or more persons tried jointly.
- Section 12-16-11 Charge of court to jury generally.
- Section 12-16-12 When charge must be written and filed in record.
- Section 12-16-13 Charges moved for by parties; appeals; general charges.
- Section 12-16-14 Taking of written evidence by jury on retirement.
- Section 12-16-140 Procedure generally.
- Section 12-16-145 Alternate juror selection and qualification plan; master list; random selection; disqualification.
- Section 12-16-146 Use of mechanical or electronic data processing equipment for selecting, qualifying, etc., juries.
- Section 12-16-15 Polling of jurors and proceedings thereupon.
- Section 12-16-150 Challenges of jurors for cause - Grounds generally.
- Section 12-16-151 Challenges of jurors for cause - Manner of proof.
- Section 12-16-152 Challenges of jurors for cause - Additional grounds for challenge by state in certain cases.
- Section 12-16-170 Petit jurors.
- Section 12-16-171 Grand jury foreman.
- Section 12-16-172 Grand jurors.
- Section 12-16-173 Reversal of criminal cases appealed to Court of Criminal Appeals on ground of defect in administration of oath to grand or petit juries.
- Section 12-16-190 Empaneling of grand juries generally; recessing and reassembling of grand juries.
- Section 12-16-191 Duty of grand juries as to inspection of county jail, etc.
- Section 12-16-192 Examination of county treasury and bonds of county officers, inquiry into indictable offenses committed or triable within county, etc.
- Section 12-16-193 Sheriff to deliver book of accounts with state for feeding of prisoners to grand jury for examination as to correctness of accounts.
- Section 12-16-194 Examination of fee book of probate judge by district attorney and grand jury.
- Section 12-16-195 Examination of books and papers of county superintendent of education by district attorney and grand jury.
- Section 12-16-196 District attorney and grand jury entitled to free access to county jail and office of county treasurer and to examination of records and papers in county offices.
- Section 12-16-197 Issuance of subpoenas for witnesses for grand jury generally; proceedings upon failure of witnesses summoned to attend.
- Section 12-16-198 Issuance of subpoenas for witnesses by district attorneys.
- Section 12-16-199 Administration of oath to witnesses; preparation by foreman and disposition of book and list of witnesses summoned before and attending grand jury; issuance of certificates to witnes
- Section 12-16-2 Persons exempted from jury duty.
- Section 12-16-200 Evidence which may be received by grand jury; examination, etc., of witnesses.
- Section 12-16-201 When grand jurors may be required to disclose testimony of witnesses.
- Section 12-16-202 Charging of grand jury.
- Section 12-16-203 Finding of indictments for misdemeanors generally.
- Section 12-16-204 Concurrence of 12 jurors required for finding of indictment; endorsement and signature of indictment generally.
- Section 12-16-205 Endorsement of prosecutor's name on indictment; endorsement on indictment where no prosecutor appears.
- Section 12-16-206 Duty of grand juror to disclose to fellow jurors public offense of which he has knowledge, etc.
- Section 12-16-207 Grand juror not to participate, etc., in deliberations as to offenses committed against his person or property, etc.; supplying of deficiency in number of grand jurors resulting ther
- Section 12-16-208 Replacement of foreman.
- Section 12-16-209 Attendance and duties of district attorney before grand jury generally; district attorney not to be present at expression of opinions or giving of votes by grand jury.
- Section 12-16-210 Disclosure of indictment by district attorney, grand juror, etc., prior to arrest, etc., of person indicted.
- Section 12-16-211 Disclosure of testimony before grand jury by witness prior to arrest, etc., of person indicted.
- Section 12-16-212 Examination of witnesses before grand jury in gaming and lottery cases.
- Section 12-16-213 Refusal of witness to testify before grand jury as to gaming or lottery.
- Section 12-16-214 Legislative findings; desirability of secrecy.
- Section 12-16-215 Grand juror, witness, etc., prohibited from revealing, disclosing, etc., a juror's questions, considerations, etc.; no person to directly, indirectly, etc., by any means obtain i
- Section 12-16-216 Grand juror, witness, etc., prohibited from revealing, disclosing, etc., form, nature, etc., of physical evidence or questions asked; no person to directly, indirectly, etc., by any
- Section 12-16-217 No person to prevent testimony or to induce to withhold or give false testimony.
- Section 12-16-218 Damage to participant's property or person prohibited.
- Section 12-16-219 Oath of secrecy; effect of refusal.
- Section 12-16-220 Evidence, other than juror's questions, considerations, etc., disclosed to district attorney's staff.
- Section 12-16-221 Disclosures in aid of law enforcement investigations and in public interest.
- Section 12-16-222 Right to counsel unaffected; counsel prohibited within jury.
- Section 12-16-223 Critical reports prohibited without indictment, etc.; judge to expunge record; exception.
- Section 12-16-224 Written reports; form.
- Section 12-16-225 Penalties.
- Section 12-16-226 Conflicting laws repealed; penalties cumulative; consistent laws applicable; judges' powers.
- Section 12-16-230 Discharge of juror, summoning of replacement, etc., prior to retirement of jury.
- Section 12-16-231 Discharge of juror after retirement of jury.
- Section 12-16-232 Consent by parties to discharge of member of jury and to rendition of verdict by remaining jurors.
- Section 12-16-233 Discharge of jury and entry of mistrial.
- Section 12-16-3 Citizens of state, counties, cities, etc., not disqualified as interested in actions in which state, county, city, etc., a party or interested.
- Section 12-16-30 Establishment.
- Section 12-16-31 Composition; qualifications of members; members may not hold other offices or perform other public duties under federal, state, etc., governments for compensation.
- Section 12-16-32 Appointment and term of office of members.
- Section 12-16-33 President of commission; quorum; members to take oath of office and be commissioned prior to entering upon discharge of duties.
- Section 12-16-34 Compensation of members.
- Section 12-16-35 Disqualification of member and appointment of successor; filling of vacancies generally.
- Section 12-16-36 Appointment of persons to act as members of commission in event of absence from state, sickness, etc., of two members.
- Section 12-16-37 Clerks of commissions - Authority for employment; compensation; clerical assistance.
- Section 12-16-38 Clerks of commissions - Oath of office.
- Section 12-16-39 Clerks of commissions - Duties.
- Section 12-16-4 Repealed by Acts 1978, No. 594, p. 712, §11, effective April 27, 1978.
- Section 12-16-40 Clerks of commissions - Clerks to devote such time as required by commissions to performance of duties; clerks not to be paid for Sundays; discharge of clerks.
- Section 12-16-41 Repealed by Acts 1978, No. 594, p. 712, §11, effective April 27, 1978.
- Section 12-16-42 Repealed by Acts 1978, No. 594, p. 712, §11, effective April 27, 1978.
- Section 12-16-43 Repealed by Acts 1978, No. 594, p. 712, §11, effective April 27, 1978.
- Section 12-16-44 Preparation, etc., of separate jury rolls and boxes for courts of territorial subdivisions of counties.
- Section 12-16-45 Notification of commission as to necessity to refill jury box; emptying and refilling of box by circuit court judge.
- Section 12-16-46 Certification of new jury roll and refilling of jury box by commission.
- Section 12-16-47 Certification to commission by court clerks of names of persons empaneled on juries; entry of notation on jury roll by clerk of commission.
- Section 12-16-48 Certification to commission by court clerks of names of persons found disqualified or exempt from jury service; entry of notation on jury roll by clerk of commission.
- Section 12-16-49 Taxing of cost of summoning, etc., unqualified person on jury roll against clerk or members of commission.
- Section 12-16-5 Repealed by Acts 1978, No. 594, p. 712, §11, effective April 27, 1978.
- Section 12-16-50 Probate judge to purchase supplies for commission.
- Section 12-16-51 Failure of clerk or member of commission to perform duty imposed by article; failure of person to attend or testify before commission.
- Section 12-16-55 Declaration of policy.
- Section 12-16-56 Discrimination prohibited.
- Section 12-16-57 Master list.
- Section 12-16-58 Placement of names of prospective jurors in master jury box.
- Section 12-16-59 Drawings from master jury box; preparation and contents of juror qualification forms; completion of qualification forms by prospective jurors; misrepresentation of material facts on q
- Section 12-16-6 Duty of court to ascertain qualifications before administering oath to jurors.
- Section 12-16-60 Qualifications of jurors.
- Section 12-16-61 Trial court jury box.
- Section 12-16-62 No exemptions from jury service.
- Section 12-16-63 Excusing prospective jurors from service.
- Section 12-16-63.1 Request for postponement of service.
- Section 12-16-64 Preservation of records.
- Section 12-16-7 Duty of juror to declare personal knowledge as to fact in controversy during trial and proceedings upon such declaration; proceedings upon declaration of fact by juror during retiremen
- Section 12-16-70 Names of prospective jurors provided from master jury list; preparation of list; summons.
- Section 12-16-72 When juries for next session of court drawn by presiding judge.
- Section 12-16-73 Execution and return of order to summon jurors by sheriff.
- Section 12-16-74 Hearing of excuses, claims of exemptions, etc.; drawing, swearing and empaneling of grand and petit jurors.
- Section 12-16-75 Duration of service; summons for subsequent service.
- Section 12-16-76 Insufficient number of qualified jurors to form juries.
- Section 12-16-78 Drawing of names from jury box for juries in probate court; summoning and drawing of jurors; certification to jury commission of names of persons disqualified, exempt and empaneled.
- Section 12-16-8 Employees excused from employment; compensation; postponement of service.
- Section 12-16-8.1 Discharge of employee or adverse employee action.
- Section 12-16-80 Objections which may be taken to venire of jurors.
- Section 12-16-81 Failure of sheriff to summon juror drawn, failure of juror summoned to attend trial, etc., not grounds for quashing venire or continuing case.
- Section 12-16-82 Effect of failure of person summoned as juror to obey summons.
- Section 12-16-83 Unlawfully placing in or withdrawing names from jury box, destruction, etc., of jury box, etc.
- Section 12-16-85 Attempting to influence jury commissioner or other officer selecting, drawing, summoning, etc., jurors or juries.
- Section 12-16-86 Performance of act with intent to affect fair drawing of jury by probate judge, jury commissioner, county commissioner, etc.
- Section 12-16-87 Summoning of persons for jury by sheriff, etc., with intent to produce result favorable to party in action before court.
- Section 12-16-88 Connivance by sheriff at commission by constable, deputy, etc., of offense prohibited by Section 12-16-87.
- Section 12-16-89 Negligent failure of sheriff or deputy to summon juror.
- Section 12-16-9 Separation and sequestration of jury in felony cases.
- Section 12-16-90 Provisions of article as to selection, drawing, summoning, etc., of jurors directory; powers, etc., of jurors selected, drawn, summoned, etc., under article.
Chapter 17 — CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT COURT PERSONNEL.
- Section 12-17-1 County court personnel serving district and circuit courts to become employees of state; court personnel subject to benefits and regulations of merit and retirement systems; settlement
- Section 12-17-110 Office of register not to be filled when vacancy occurs; reappointment of registers holding office on October 10, 1975; removal of registers.
- Section 12-17-111 Bond.
- Section 12-17-112 Compensation of registers and employees in office of register.
- Section 12-17-113 Place of office.
- Section 12-17-114 Duties generally.
- Section 12-17-115 Pleadings to be endorsed with date of filing.
- Section 12-17-116 Injunctions.
- Section 12-17-117 General direct and reverse indexes.
- Section 12-17-118 Recopying of records.
- Section 12-17-119 Records open to examination.
- Section 12-17-120 Payment of money to successor.
- Section 12-17-121 Punishment for contempt.
- Section 12-17-122 Failure of register or commissioner to made deed of land.
- Section 12-17-140 Qualifications for supernumerary status generally; applicability of division; eligibility of clerk or register of circuit court with 23 years of service.
- Section 12-17-141 Oath; vacancies in office of clerk or register in counties where supernumerary holds commission.
- Section 12-17-142 Term of office; compensation; surviving spouse benefits; applicability.
- Section 12-17-143 Establishment of supernumerary fund; contributions thereto.
- Section 12-17-144 Prior service credit.
- Section 12-17-145 Officials covered by division; notification procedure; post-election contribution transfer; post-transfer credits and contributions.
- Section 12-17-146 Return of contributions to other plans.
- Section 12-17-147 Return of contributions upon termination of service.
- Section 12-17-160 Clerk of circuit court ex officio clerk of district court.
- Section 12-17-161 Separate office of clerk of district court may be established; appointment and removal of clerk; abolition of separate office; participation in supernumerary fund.
- Section 12-17-162 District court clerk employees component of office of clerk.
- Section 12-17-180 When elected; term of office.
- Section 12-17-181 Filling of vacancies.
- Section 12-17-182 Compensation.
- Section 12-17-183 Residence; vacation of office for nonresidency.
- Section 12-17-184 Powers and duties generally.
- Section 12-17-185 Duty to attend court.
- Section 12-17-186 Appointment of attorney to act for district attorney when office vacant, district attorney disqualified, etc.
- Section 12-17-187 Failure to collect amounts due to county from public officers.
- Section 12-17-188 Suspension from office - Indictment pending.
- Section 12-17-189 Suspension from office - Appointment and compensation of district attorney pro tem.
- Section 12-17-190 Suspension from office - When order of suspension set aside.
- Section 12-17-191 Allowance for attendance outside home county.
- Section 12-17-192 Additional allowance in circuits having four or more counties.
- Section 12-17-193 Fees of district attorneys to be paid into State Treasury.
- Section 12-17-194 Commencing prosecution on own affidavit.
- Section 12-17-195 Assistant district attorneys representing defendants charged with criminal offenses.
- Section 12-17-196 Restrictions on law partners defending criminal cases.
- Section 12-17-197 District attorney's fund.
- Section 12-17-198 Appointment, number and compensation of assistant district attorneys.
- Section 12-17-199 Entitlement of elected assistant district attorneys to entitlements in article.
- Section 12-17-2 Court personnel included in state employee personnel system; establishment of job descriptions, rates of compensation, etc., applicable to court personnel.
- Section 12-17-20 Number of judges in each circuit.
- Section 12-17-201 Creation and establishment of fund; source of fund.
- Section 12-17-202 Administration; disbursement.
- Section 12-17-203 Eligibility.
- Section 12-17-204 Coverage; contributions; participation.
- Section 12-17-205 Credit for prior service.
- Section 12-17-206 Benefits.
- Section 12-17-207 Termination of service prior to assumption of supernumerary status.
- Section 12-17-21 Judgeships to be numbered in circuits with more than one judge; candidates to designate judgeship for which they are candidate.
- Section 12-17-210 Qualifications for supernumerary status - Elected district attorneys generally.
- Section 12-17-211 Qualifications for supernumerary status - Fifteen years of service and not less than 70 years of age.
- Section 12-17-212 Qualifications for supernumerary status - Twelve years service and total disability; 25 years continuous service; 20 years service as judge and district attorney, etc.
- Section 12-17-213 Qualifications for supernumerary status - Sixty years of age and 18 years of service as district attorney, judge, county solicitor, etc., with minimum of 10 years service as district
- Section 12-17-214 Issuance of commission; filling of vacancies in office of district attorney.
- Section 12-17-215 Compensation; term of office; impeachment.
- Section 12-17-216 Oath of office; powers and duties.
- Section 12-17-22 Residence.
- Section 12-17-220 Powers of district attorneys as to employment, compensation, etc., of assistants, investigators, etc., to serve at district attorney's pleasure; such employees not covered by Sta
- Section 12-17-221 Submission to Office of Prosecution Services by district attorneys of estimates of amounts needed for personnel and office expenses for fiscal year; form and contents thereof; submis
- Section 12-17-222 Applicability of division to deputy district attorney of Bessemer cutoff of tenth judicial circuit.
- Section 12-17-223 Construction of division.
- Section 12-17-224 Special services division; worthless check unit; guidelines for processing worthless check complaints; fees and restitution; collection and distribution.
- Section 12-17-225 Purpose.
- Section 12-17-225.1 District attorneys authorized to establish division.
- Section 12-17-225.2 Court or clerk of court to notify district attorney when payments to state or victim are in default.
- Section 12-17-225.3 District attorney authorized to take lawful steps to require compliance.
- Section 12-17-225.4 Collection fee.
- Section 12-17-225.5 Amnesty period.
- Section 12-17-225.6 Costs, bail bond forfeitures, restitution, and other court-ordered charges considered civil judgement.
- Section 12-17-225.7 Contracting with private collection agency allowed.
- Section 12-17-225.8 Provisions of division are supplemental.
- Section 12-17-225.9 Local legislation to supersede division.
- Section 12-17-23 Presiding judges - How selected.
- Section 12-17-230 Established; purpose.
- Section 12-17-231 Executive director and staff not subject to merit system but eligible for state retirement benefits.
- Section 12-17-232 Appointment, tenure, compensation and duties of executive director.
- Section 12-17-233 Funding; annual audit.
- Section 12-17-233.1 Transfers of budget excesses.
- Section 12-17-234 Restriction on powers of office.
- Section 12-17-24 Presiding judges - Supervision of judges and other court personnel.
- Section 12-17-24.1 Family court divisions; implementation plan.
- Section 12-17-24.2 Jurisdiction of Family Court Division.
- Section 12-17-25 Appointment of relief judges to assist in clearing dockets.
- Section 12-17-250 District court administrative agency created; powers and duties thereof; persons deemed officials of agency; judicial powers thereof generally.
- Section 12-17-251 Magistrates deemed chief officers of agency; appointment and powers of magistrates.
- Section 12-17-252 Supreme Court to provide rules of administration for agency.
- Section 12-17-253 Election by inferior court judges whose positions abolished by Constitution to become magistrates for duration of unexpired terms as judges; salaries of such judges.
- Section 12-17-26 Authority and duties generally.
- Section 12-17-260 Who may become supernumerary magistrate.
- Section 12-17-261 Filing of written declaration; issuance of commission.
- Section 12-17-262 Term of office; salary.
- Section 12-17-263 Notice to Administrative Director of Courts of intention to become supernumerary magistrate; payment of percentage of salary earned as judge or magistrate; oath of office; appointmen
- Section 12-17-264 Prior service credit.
- Section 12-17-265 Benefit to surviving spouse of supernumerary magistrate.
- Section 12-17-27 Authority of judge outside own circuit.
- Section 12-17-270 Appointment; qualifications; term of office; removal.
- Section 12-17-271 Existing positions continued; authorization of additional positions by Administrative Director of Courts.
- Section 12-17-272 Special roving reporters.
- Section 12-17-273 Oath.
- Section 12-17-274 Compensation; minimum state salary; cost-of-living increase.
- Section 12-17-275 Duties.
- Section 12-17-276 Transcript fees.
- Section 12-17-277 Fee for court reporter taxed as costs in cases utilizing reporter.
- Section 12-17-28 Writs of certiorari to district and municipal courts.
- Section 12-17-29 Absence of judge adjourns court.
- Section 12-17-290 Qualifications for becoming supernumerary reporter.
- Section 12-17-291 Oath, powers and duties of supernumeraries.
- Section 12-17-292 Term; compensation.
- Section 12-17-293 Appropriation for salaries.
- Section 12-17-3 Reimbursement of employees for expenses incurred at locations other than principal court site.
- Section 12-17-30 Salary; effect on other provisions; judges and district attorney's supplements.
- Section 12-17-310 Existing positions continued; authorization of additional positions by Administrative Director of Courts.
- Section 12-17-311 Number and compensation.
- Section 12-17-330 Appointment; qualifications.
- Section 12-17-340 Judicial secretaries.
- Section 12-17-341 Secretaries for clerks.
- Section 12-17-4 State assumption of retirement and other employee benefits.
- Section 12-17-40 Continuation of laws concerning duties, benefits, etc.; election of supernumerary status.
- Section 12-17-60 Boundaries of districts for election of judges.
- Section 12-17-61 Number of judges in each district; manner of election of judges generally.
- Section 12-17-62 Numbering and designation of positions on ballots in districts in which more than one judge elected.
- Section 12-17-63 Qualifications.
- Section 12-17-64 Residence.
- Section 12-17-65 Term of office.
- Section 12-17-66 Commissioned judges.
- Section 12-17-67 Filling of vacancies.
- Section 12-17-68 Compensation.
- Section 12-17-69 Primary duty to serve districts for which elected.
- Section 12-17-70 Designation of judge to handle domestic relations, divorce, etc., cases in districts having more than one judge.
- Section 12-17-80 Circuit clerks, registers, and employees in offices thereof to be paid by state.
- Section 12-17-81 Annual salary.
- Section 12-17-81.1 Prior service credit.
- Section 12-17-90 Offices; vacancies.
- Section 12-17-91 Bond.
- Section 12-17-92 Compensation of circuit clerks.
- Section 12-17-93 Authority.
- Section 12-17-94 Duties generally.
- Section 12-17-95 When sheriff's commissions to be collected.
- Section 12-17-96 Duty of clerk when convict indicted; convict not to be released until bail given.
- Section 12-17-97 Duty to pay over money to successor.
- Section 12-17-98 Deputy clerk for Bessemer division of tenth judicial circuit.
- Section 12-17-99 Supplemental salary for elected deputy circuit clerks.
Chapter 18 — JUDICIAL RETIREMENT.
- Section 12-18-1 Judicial Retirement Fund created; composition of fund.
- Section 12-18-10 Retirement and disability benefits of justices of Supreme Court, judges of courts of appeals and judges of circuit courts; payment of benefits to spouses upon death of justices or jud
- Section 12-18-11 Crediting to circuit court judges toward retirement of prior service for which entitled to credit toward supernumerary status in position other than as circuit judge.
- Section 12-18-110 Transfer of contributions and creditable service - Eligibility period; procedure.
- Section 12-18-111 Transfer of contributions and creditable service - Eligibility requirements; adjusted benefits; formulas; district or probate judges excepted; spouses benefits.
- Section 12-18-112 Transfer of contributions and creditable service - District judge's adjusted benefit formulas; spouse's benefits.
- Section 12-18-113 Transfer of contributions and creditable service - Probate judge's adjusted benefit formulas; spouse's benefits.
- Section 12-18-114 Article supplemental to other related laws.
- Section 12-18-12 Applicability of provisions of article to future additional state judicial offices.
- Section 12-18-13 Construction of article.
- Section 12-18-130 Applicability.
- Section 12-18-131 Eligibility to retire regardless of age.
- Section 12-18-132 Retirement benefits.
- Section 12-18-133 Purchase of additional credit.
- Section 12-18-134 Construction of article.
- Section 12-18-14 Compliance with qualification standards.
- Section 12-18-2 Administration of fund; disbursement of funds; appeals from decisions of Board of Control.
- Section 12-18-3 Appropriation of moneys by Legislature for Judicial Retirement Fund; payment of state contributions to fund in event of failure of state to appropriate moneys, etc., for fund.
- Section 12-18-30 Right of election of justices of Supreme Court and judges of circuit courts becoming supernumerary justices or judges prior to September 18, 1973, to come under provisions of Article
- Section 12-18-31 Contribution for payment of benefits to spouse of supernumerary justice of Supreme Court upon death thereof.
- Section 12-18-32 Contribution for payment of benefits to spouse of supernumerary circuit court judge upon death thereof.
- Section 12-18-33 Surviving spouses' election to obtain benefits under provisions of Article 1 of chapter; payment to Judicial Retirement Fund by surviving spouse at time of election.
- Section 12-18-34 Effective date.
- Section 12-18-4 Entitlement to retirement and receipt of pension of justices of Supreme Court, judges of courts of appeals and judges of circuit courts generally; retirement order.
- Section 12-18-40 Retirement at age 60; computation; cost-of-living; prior service.
- Section 12-18-41 Prior creditable service as district or county court judge.
- Section 12-18-5 Right of election of justices of Supreme Court, judges of courts of appeals and judges of circuit courts holding office on September 18, 1973, to come under provisions of article; appl
- Section 12-18-50 Entitlement to retirement and receipt of pension of district judges generally; retirement order.
- Section 12-18-51 Right of election of judges of county courts or full-time municipal court judges entitled to receive commissions as district judges to come under provisions of Article 1 of chapter; f
- Section 12-18-52 Contributions to retirement fund by judges generally.
- Section 12-18-53 Payment into Judicial Retirement Fund of moneys previously paid into retirement funds for benefit of judges by counties or municipalities; crediting to judges of such payments.
- Section 12-18-54 Election as to withdrawal from retirement fund and refunding of contributions or receipt of certificate of time of service accumulated toward retirement upon termination of service of
- Section 12-18-55 Eligibility for retirement of district judges; right of election of former county court judges, district attorneys or assistant district attorneys serving as circuit judges on January
- Section 12-18-56 Filing of notice of intention to retire with Chief Justice of Supreme Court by district judge; endorsement and forwarding thereof by Chief Justice.
- Section 12-18-57 Office deemed vacant upon retirement of judge; filling of vacancy.
- Section 12-18-58 Judges' retirement benefits.
- Section 12-18-58.1 Applicability of Sections 12-18-55 and 12-18-58.
- Section 12-18-59 Judges' disability benefits.
- Section 12-18-6 Eligibility for retirement of justices of Supreme Court, judges of courts of appeals and judges of circuit courts.
- Section 12-18-60 Payment of benefits to spouses upon death of judges.
- Section 12-18-60.1 Applicability of Section 12-18-60.
- Section 12-18-61 Call to active duty of retired judges; compensation of retired judges on active duty; termination of active duty.
- Section 12-18-7 Filing of declaration as to intention to retire by justices of Supreme Court, judges of courts of appeals and judges of circuit courts; endorsement and forwarding thereof by Chief Just
- Section 12-18-8 Transfer into Judicial Retirement Fund of contributions made to Employees' Retirement System of Alabama and receipt of credit for prior service under Employees' Retirement Syst
- Section 12-18-8.1 Time of service as full-time state prosecutor, etc., may be credited as time in judicial position with Judicial Retirement System.
- Section 12-18-8.2 Eligibility for retirement of circuit judges; credit for former service in executive department of state; credit for service as full-time assistant district attorney, deputy district
- Section 12-18-8.3 Restoration of prior creditable service; participation in other public retirement systems.
- Section 12-18-80 Entitlement to retirement and receipt of pension of probate judges generally; retirement order.
- Section 12-18-81 Right of election of probate judges holding office on or after December 27, 1973, to come under provisions of Article 1 of chapter; filing of instrument as to election with Clerk of S
- Section 12-18-82 Contributions to retirement fund by judges.
- Section 12-18-83 Election as to withdrawal from retirement fund and refunding of contributions or receipt of certificate of time of service accumulated toward retirement upon termination of service of
- Section 12-18-84 Eligibility for retirement.
- Section 12-18-84.1 Election to retire with 24 years of service.
- Section 12-18-85 Filing of declaration as to intention to retire with Chief Justice of Supreme Court; endorsement and forwarding thereof by Chief Justice.
- Section 12-18-86 Office deemed vacant upon retirement of judge; filling of vacancy.
- Section 12-18-87 Benefits.
- Section 12-18-88 Call to active duty of retired judges; compensation of retired judges on active duty; termination of active duty.
- Section 12-18-9 Offices deemed vacant upon retirement of justices of Supreme Court, judges of courts of appeals or judges of circuit courts; filling of vacancies.
- Section 12-18-90 Provisions of article not applicable to supernumerary probate judges; receipt of benefits as supernumerary probate judge, etc., by probate judge electing to come under provisions of A
- Section 12-18-91 Effective date.
- Section 12-18-92 1984 cost of living increase.
- Section 12-18-93 Cost-of-living adjustments.
Chapter 19 — COURT FINANCES.
- Section 12-19-1 State responsibility for operating expenses of Unified Judicial System generally; supplementation of state expenditures by counties.
- Section 12-19-10 Local purchasing procedures.
- Section 12-19-110 Circuit court.
- Section 12-19-111 Probate court - Generally.
- Section 12-19-112 Probate court - Ad quod damnum proceedings.
- Section 12-19-113 Probate court - Proceedings to pass upon soundness of mind of person.
- Section 12-19-130 Circuit and district court witness fees generally.
- Section 12-19-131 Attendance and mileage fees generally; limitations in same case and when attending more than one case.
- Section 12-19-132 Issuance to witness of certificate of sum entitled to for attendance, etc.; proof of attendance by witness.
- Section 12-19-133 Effect of certificate of attendance; obligation of witness to appear in same case when fees not paid.
- Section 12-19-134 Taxation and collection of amount proved; limitation on number of witnesses to prove any one matter.
- Section 12-19-135 Witness fees in probate court - Generally; inquisition proceedings regarding mental illness.
- Section 12-19-136 Witness fees in probate court - Ad quod damnum proceedings.
- Section 12-19-137 Claims for payment of witness fees to be presented within three months from date of collection by clerk; payment of claims.
- Section 12-19-138 Payment of nondisbursed fees to successors and furnishing of statement as to fees by court clerks.
- Section 12-19-150 Legislative intent; assessment of fees in criminal cases; submission of cost bill by municipal or district court clerk and making of final assessment of costs in circuit court upon a
- Section 12-19-151 Collection of docket fees and fines where defendants convicted of misdemeanors confess judgment for fees and fines.
- Section 12-19-152 Distribution of fines collected in misdemeanor and felony cases generally.
- Section 12-19-153 Imposition of court costs by municipal courts; collection of municipal court costs, fines, etc., by circuit court clerks upon appeals to circuit courts from municipal courts.
- Section 12-19-154 Distribution of docket fees, fines, etc., collected in municipal ordinance cases in district and circuit courts; payment of municipal share of docket fee.
- Section 12-19-155 Provisions not to increase municipal share of docket fees or fees applicable to traffic cases.
- Section 12-19-156 Prescribed fees for circuit and district courts to be exclusive.
- Section 12-19-170 Docket fees to be uniform for criminal cases; exception for conservation cases.
- Section 12-19-171 Schedule and distribution of fees - Juvenile and criminal cases in district and circuit courts.
- Section 12-19-172 Schedule and distribution of fees - Municipal ordinance cases in circuit and district courts.
- Section 12-19-173 Distribution of docket fees - Cases in circuit and district courts in which bond forfeited.
- Section 12-19-174 Distribution of docket fees - Felony cases in circuit court.
- Section 12-19-175 Distribution of docket fees - Misdemeanor cases in circuit court.
- Section 12-19-176 Distribution of docket fees - Felony guilty pleas in district court.
- Section 12-19-177 Distribution of docket fees - Preliminary hearings in district court.
- Section 12-19-178 Distribution of docket fees - Misdemeanor cases in district court.
- Section 12-19-179 Distribution of docket fees - Traffic infractions in district court.
- Section 12-19-180 Criminal history processing fee; allocation of monies; access to court data from within and without Unified Judicial System; user fees to be deposited in Court Automation Fund; secti
- Section 12-19-181 Schedule and distribution of additional fees.
- Section 12-19-190 Attorney General.
- Section 12-19-191 Constables.
- Section 12-19-192 Coroners generally.
- Section 12-19-193 Fees for inquest; fees, etc., for postmortem examinations; payment of fees to coroners for services rendered in discharging duties of sheriff.
- Section 12-19-2 Continuation of financial support by counties from January 16, 1977, through September 30, 1977.
- Section 12-19-20 Court fees in civil and criminal cases in circuit and district courts to be uniform; fees prescribed by chapter exclusive; exceptions.
- Section 12-19-21 Administrative Director of Courts to prescribe procedures for collection and distribution of court fees.
- Section 12-19-210 Grand and petit jurors generally.
- Section 12-19-211 Tales jurors.
- Section 12-19-22 Assessment and distribution of fines, costs and fees in cases filed in circuit or district courts on or after January 16, 1977; assessment and distribution of fines, costs and fees in
- Section 12-19-23 Fees collected from proceeds of judicial sale; payment into General Fund; application of section.
- Section 12-19-25 Applicability.
- Section 12-19-250 Imposition; assessment, collection.
- Section 12-19-250.1 Imposition of additional fee on every case; charge and collection; distribution to Fair Trial Tax Fund.
- Section 12-19-251 Remittance into Fair Trial Tax Fund.
- Section 12-19-251.1 Retention of tax by municipalities when collected in municipal court; disposition of proceeds by municipalities.
- Section 12-19-252 Annual appropriation from fund for payment of expenses of indigent defense generally; annual appropriation from State General Fund; payment of share of cost of maintaining public def
- Section 12-19-253 Expenditures from fund subject to control and approval of Governor.
- Section 12-19-254 Disposition of unexpended and unencumbered balance in fund at close of fiscal year.
- Section 12-19-26 Administrative fee for periodic payments; payment to General Fund; notice of fee.
- Section 12-19-270 Short title.
- Section 12-19-271 Definitions.
- Section 12-19-272 Court to award fees and costs against attorney or party who brought action without substantial justification; voluntary dismissal.
- Section 12-19-273 Court to exercise sound discretion and specifically set forth reasons for award; factors to be considered.
- Section 12-19-274 Attorney's fees negotiated in private; court may approve stipulations.
- Section 12-19-275 Application.
- Section 12-19-276 Provisions cumulative.
- Section 12-19-290 Created; purposes; payments.
- Section 12-19-3 Phasing of state assumption of financial responsibility for Unified Judicial System.
- Section 12-19-4 Provision and maintenance by municipalities of courtrooms and judicial and clerical facilities for certain district courts.
- Section 12-19-40 Posting of lists of fees by probate judges and furnishing of copies thereof.
- Section 12-19-41 Preparation of bills for fees or costs generally - Officers.
- Section 12-19-42 Preparation of bills for fees or costs generally - Probate judges.
- Section 12-19-43 When fees allowed for services in proceedings before probate judges due.
- Section 12-19-44 Allowances for ex officio services.
- Section 12-19-45 Maintenance of record book of fees received by probate judges.
- Section 12-19-46 Liability for receiving unauthorized fees - Officers.
- Section 12-19-47 Liability for receiving unauthorized fees - Probate judges.
- Section 12-19-48 Security for costs in suits by or for nonresidents in probate courts.
- Section 12-19-49 Assessment of prepaid fees as costs against defendant; execution for prepaid fees assessed as costs against defendant; issuance of execution against plaintiff for unpaid fees where ex
- Section 12-19-5 Preparation of budget estimates as to state expenditures for trial courts of Unified Judicial System.
- Section 12-19-50 Issuance of execution against plaintiff or appellant for own costs; issuance of execution against sheriff, etc., failing to return, levy, or collect execution issued against plaintiff
- Section 12-19-51 Submission of cost bill by district court clerk, payment of circuit court docket fee and making of final assessment of costs in circuit court upon appeals from district courts to circ
- Section 12-19-52 Recovery of full costs by defendant upon showing of usurious interest.
- Section 12-19-53 Entry of judgment for costs when judgment in action entered against nominal plaintiff.
- Section 12-19-54 Proceedings for retaxation of excessive costs in probate courts.
- Section 12-19-6 Payment by state of salaries and expenses of personnel of Unified Judicial System.
- Section 12-19-7 Establishment and filing of special procedures for payment of juror fees, witness fees, etc.
- Section 12-19-70 Circuit and district court docket fee - Creation; collection generally; waiver and taxation as costs at conclusion of case.
- Section 12-19-71 Circuit and district court docket fee - Amount.
- Section 12-19-72 Circuit and district court docket fee - Distribution.
- Section 12-19-73 Circuit and district court defendant service fees.
- Section 12-19-74 Circuit and district court fee for service of witness subpoenas.
- Section 12-19-75 Circuit and district court attachment, garnishment, and execution fees.
- Section 12-19-76 Circuit court fee for filing of report of sale of abandoned motor vehicle.
- Section 12-19-8 Inventory of equipment and furniture used in operation of trial courts other than municipal and probate courts; submission of inventory to county commission for approval, etc.; finalit
- Section 12-19-9 Transfer to state of title to county-owned equipment, furniture and supplies utilized in operation of judicial system.
- Section 12-19-90 Judge of probate - Schedule of fees.
- Section 12-19-90.1 Limitation on probate judges' income when on fee basis.
- Section 12-19-91 Clerks of Supreme Court or courts of appeals.
- Section 12-19-92 Constables' fees generally; exception as to Jefferson County.
- Section 12-19-93 Coroners' fees generally.
- Section 12-19-94 Fees due constables and coroners for services in connection with circuit and district court proceedings.
- Section 12-19-95 Collection, etc., of commissions on costs on executions by coroners or constables generally.
- Section 12-19-96 When coroners or constables entitled to receive full commissions.
- Section 12-19-97 When coroners or constables entitled to receive only half commissions.
- Section 12-19-98 Fees, etc., for keeping indexes not allowed.
Chapter 20 — JUDICIAL AND OTHER PUBLIC RECORDS.
- Section 12-20-1 Costs and fees of substitution.
- Section 12-20-21 Copying of orders, etc., into final record not required.
- Section 12-20-22 Original pleadings, etc., or copies thereof final record in civil actions.
- Section 12-20-23 Preserving judgment records of abolished inferior courts of record.
- Section 12-20-24 Removal of court records or papers.
- Section 12-20-25 Taking file in pending action from office of clerk, etc.
- Section 12-20-26 Substitution of lost, etc., papers or records in civil cases - Inherent power of courts.
- Section 12-20-27 Substitution of lost, etc., papers or records in civil cases - How made - Generally.
- Section 12-20-28 Substitution of lost, etc., papers or records in civil cases - How made - In pending action or proceeding.
- Section 12-20-29 Substitution of lost, etc., papers or records in civil cases - How made - After determination of action or proceeding.
- Section 12-20-30 Substitution of lost, etc., papers or records in civil cases - How made - Where deed, contract, conveyance or other instrument involved.
- Section 12-20-31 Substitution of lost, etc., papers or records in civil cases - Appeal from court order or decree granting or denying.
- Section 12-20-32 Substitution of appellate court records.
- Section 12-20-50 Establishment or restoration of lost, etc., records of state, county, or municipality.
Chapter 21 — EVIDENCE AND WITNESSES.
- Section 12-21-1 Production of books, etc., generally - By parties; failure to comply.
- Section 12-21-10 Division cumulative as to proof of documents or records.
- Section 12-21-100 Judgments.
- Section 12-21-101 Certified registers of marriages, births, and deaths.
- Section 12-21-102 Copies of letters testamentary, administration, and guardianship.
- Section 12-21-103 Transcribed records.
- Section 12-21-104 Copies of required official bonds, etc., and transcripts.
- Section 12-21-105 Certificate of notary, etc., as to presentment for acceptance, etc., of instrument governed by commercial law.
- Section 12-21-106 Official entry on paper as evidence of registry.
- Section 12-21-107 When certified copy good secondary evidence.
- Section 12-21-108 Historical works, etc., as evidence of facts of general notoriety and interest.
- Section 12-21-109 Effect of written receipts, releases, discharges, and judgments entered pursuant to pro tanto settlements generally.
- Section 12-21-11 Applicability of provisions regulating admissibility or proof of facts.
- Section 12-21-110 Receipts for money.
- Section 12-21-111 Verified itemized statement as evidence of account's correctness.
- Section 12-21-112 Written contract as evidence of debt or duty; impeachment thereof.
- Section 12-21-113 Price current and commercial lists.
- Section 12-21-114 Market value testimony.
- Section 12-21-12 Proof by substantial evidence required; scintilla rule abolished; higher standard of proof; substantial evidence defined; application.
- Section 12-21-13 Physical evidence not precluded from jury or court because of break in chain of custody.
- Section 12-21-130 Interpreters generally.
- Section 12-21-131 Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - When furnished; qualifications; notice of need for interpreter; proof of deafness; requests to be channeled through cert
- Section 12-21-132 Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - How furnished.
- Section 12-21-133 Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - Duty of disabled person; provisions cumulative.
- Section 12-21-134 Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - Compensation and expenses.
- Section 12-21-135 How testimony given.
- Section 12-21-136 Oath or affirmation for oral testimony.
- Section 12-21-137 Right of cross-examination.
- Section 12-21-138 Leading questions.
- Section 12-21-139 Disclosure of evidence sought by objected-to question.
- Section 12-21-140 Motion to exclude answer unnecessary.
- Section 12-21-141 Right of witness to be protected.
- Section 12-21-142 Exemption of news-gathering persons from disclosing sources.
- Section 12-21-143 Failure of witnesses to testify.
- Section 12-21-144 Taxation of costs for taking of depositions.
- Section 12-21-145 Applicability of provisions regulating admissibility or proof of facts.
- Section 12-21-146 Definition of "physician" extended.
- Section 12-21-160 Expert witnesses.
- Section 12-21-161 Testimony of attorney, etc., for or against client.
- Section 12-21-162 Witness convicted of crime.
- Section 12-21-163 Witness having interest.
- Section 12-21-164 Deceased borrower's representative as usury witness.
- Section 12-21-165 Incompetent witnesses.
- Section 12-21-166 Confidentiality of communications with clergymen.
- Section 12-21-180 Subpoenas for witnesses.
- Section 12-21-181 Compelling of appearance and testimony of expert witnesses.
- Section 12-21-182 Proceedings upon failure of subpoenaed witness to attend and remain.
- Section 12-21-183 Execution of warrants for witnesses and other process in adjoining counties.
- Section 12-21-184 Securing attendance of witnesses until case disposed of.
- Section 12-21-2 Production of books, etc., generally - By resident nonparties; failure to comply.
- Section 12-21-200 Proof of intent to injure, defraud or cheat.
- Section 12-21-201 When proof of incorporation necessary.
- Section 12-21-202 Exclusion of audience where evidence vulgar, etc.
- Section 12-21-203 Admissibility of evidence relating to past sexual behavior of complaining witness in prosecutions for criminal sexual conduct.
- Section 12-21-220 Right of defendant to be witness; effect of prosecution's comment on defendant's failure to testify.
- Section 12-21-221 Witness having pecuniary interest in case.
- Section 12-21-222 Accomplice's testimony for felony conviction.
- Section 12-21-223 Discharged codefendant as witness for prosecution.
- Section 12-21-224 Acquitted codefendant as witness.
- Section 12-21-225 Testimony for state or defendant by convict.
- Section 12-21-226 Wife against husband in abandonment cases.
- Section 12-21-227 Husband and wife for or against one another.
- Section 12-21-240 Attendance of witnesses - Generally.
- Section 12-21-241 Attendance of witnesses - Where case continued.
- Section 12-21-242 Attendance of witnesses - On remand for new trial.
- Section 12-21-243 Subpoena of witnesses - Grand jury appearance.
- Section 12-21-244 Subpoena of witnesses - Trial appearance.
- Section 12-21-245 Subpoena of witnesses - Authority of district attorney.
- Section 12-21-246 Subpoena of witnesses - Execution.
- Section 12-21-247 Conditional judgment against defaulting witnesses - Entry.
- Section 12-21-248 Conditional judgment against defaulting witnesses - Notice; when made absolute.
- Section 12-21-249 Conditional judgment against defaulting witnesses - Effect of two notices returned "not found."
- Section 12-21-263 Taking testimony of convict in penitentiary on interrogatories by defendant.
- Section 12-21-264 Taking of deposition or videotaped deposition when victim or witness unavailable because of exceptional circumstances.
- Section 12-21-280 Short title.
- Section 12-21-281 Definitions.
- Section 12-21-282 Procedure for securing attendance of witness within state at criminal proceeding, etc.; in another state; fees and allowances; effect of failure of summoned witness to attend and tes
- Section 12-21-283 Procedure for securing attendance of witness in another state at criminal proceedings, etc., within state; fees and allowances; effect of failure of summoned witness to attend and te
- Section 12-21-284 Exemption from arrest or service of process of persons coming into or passing through state in obedience to summons to attend and testify.
- Section 12-21-285 Construction of subdivision.
- Section 12-21-3 Compelling books, etc., to be produced; parol in lieu thereof.
- Section 12-21-3.1 Subpoena of law enforcement officers and investigative reports; disposition of criminal matters.
- Section 12-21-30 Declarations of deceased persons as to ancient rights.
- Section 12-21-300 Offering of certificate of analysis in lieu of testimony.
- Section 12-21-301 Notice of intent to offer proof by certificate of analysis.
- Section 12-21-302 Request for hearing to show cause why subpoena should be issued for cross-examination.
- Section 12-21-303 When subdivision not applicable.
- Section 12-21-31 Written settlements for composition of debts.
- Section 12-21-32 Books of account kept by deceased executor, etc.
- Section 12-21-33 Parol to show writing void.
- Section 12-21-34 Certificate of public officer on nonexistence of record or entry of such.
- Section 12-21-35 Certified transcripts of official governmental books, etc.; duty to furnish.
- Section 12-21-36 Certified copies of surveyor general's books, etc.
- Section 12-21-37 Private legislative acts.
- Section 12-21-38 Copies of proceedings and judgments of foreign courts not of record.
- Section 12-21-39 Handwriting - Evidence for comparison.
- Section 12-21-4 Taking of affidavits outside state.
- Section 12-21-40 Handwriting - Comparison of disputed writing with genuine.
- Section 12-21-41 Evidence of title to lands.
- Section 12-21-42 Books of account as proof of accounts.
- Section 12-21-43 Writings or records made in regular course of business - Originals.
- Section 12-21-44 Writings or records made in regular course of business - Photostatic, photographic, or microphotographic plate or film of originals, or prints thereof; rights thereto when original no
- Section 12-21-45 Evidence that medical or hospital expenses to be paid or reimbursed admissible as competent evidence.
- Section 12-21-5 Copy of hospital records - Admissibility.
- Section 12-21-6 Copy of hospital records - Subpoena duces tecum; inspection; form; weight.
- Section 12-21-6.1 Reproduction and delivery of medical records.
- Section 12-21-60 Proof of written instrument's execution by maker.
- Section 12-21-61 Subscribing witnesses - When must be produced.
- Section 12-21-62 Subscribing witnesses - Proof of execution when dead, etc.
- Section 12-21-63 Accounting for alteration in writing introduced as genuine.
- Section 12-21-64 Proof of laws of foreign countries.
- Section 12-21-65 Proof of unwritten or common law of other states and territories.
- Section 12-21-66 Proof of land office deeds or written instruments for conveyance or sale of land.
- Section 12-21-67 Proof of exemplifications or copies of records, etc., kept in public office.
- Section 12-21-68 Proof of publication of notice.
- Section 12-21-69 Proof of posting of notice.
- Section 12-21-7 Copy of hospital records - Certificate of custodian.
- Section 12-21-70 Authentication of foreign state, territory, or country's legislative acts; effect thereof.
- Section 12-21-71 Authentication of foreign state, territory, or country's public records or books; effect thereof.
- Section 12-21-72 Authentication of paper or document by bureau or department head.
- Section 12-21-73 Additional or alternative mode of proof of certain official documents.
- Section 12-21-8 Destruction of exhibits offered and received in evidence.
- Section 12-21-9 Exclusion of audience where evidence vulgar, etc.
- Section 12-21-90 Official notice of armed forces death.
- Section 12-21-91 Official report of person missing, etc.; presumption of signer's authority.
- Section 12-21-92 Secretary of State's publication of foreign interest rates.
- Section 12-21-93 Statutes of other states and territories.
- Section 12-21-94 Transcripts of congressional acts and foreign statutes.
- Section 12-21-95 Municipal ordinances, bylaws, and resolutions.
- Section 12-21-96 Land patents.
- Section 12-21-97 Pre-1879 documents or certified copies executed by Governor as evidence of sale or transfer of state lands.
- Section 12-21-98 Certificates and transcripts as evidence of land title and facts.
- Section 12-21-99 Recitals in sheriff's deed.
Chapter 22 — APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS.
- Section 12-22-1 Confession of judgment.
- Section 12-22-10 Grant or refusal of motion for new trial.
Chapter 23 — ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE COURT REFERRAL AND TREATMENT PROGRAM.
Chapter 24 — DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS.
Chapter 25 — Alabama Sentencing Commission.