12.1-02 Liability and Culpability

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CHAPTER 12.1-02LIABILITY AND CULPABILITY12.1-02-01. Basis of liability for offenses.1.A person commits an offense only if the person engages in conduct, including an<br>act, an omission, or possession, in violation of a statute which provides that the<br>conduct is an offense.2.A person who omits to perform an act does not commit an offense unless the person<br>has a legal duty to perform the act, nor shall such an omission be an offense if the<br>act is performed on the person's behalf by a person legally authorized to perform it.12.1-02-02. Requirements of culpability.1.For the purposes of this title, a person engages in conduct:a."Intentionally" if, when he engages in the conduct, it is his purpose to do so.b."Knowingly" if, when he engages in the conduct, he knows or has a firm belief,<br>unaccompanied by substantial doubt, that he is doing so, whether or not it is his<br>purpose to do so.c."Recklessly" if he engages in the conduct in conscious and clearly unjustifiable<br>disregard of a substantial likelihood of the existence of the relevant facts or<br>risks, such disregard involving a gross deviation from acceptable standards of<br>conduct, except that, as provided in section 12.1-04-02, awareness of the risk is<br>not required where its absence is due to self-induced intoxication.d."Negligently" if he engages in the conduct in unreasonable disregard of a<br>substantial likelihood of the existence of the relevant facts or risks, such<br>disregard involving a gross deviation from acceptable standards of conduct.e."Willfully" if he engages in the conduct intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.2.If a statute or regulation thereunder defining a crime does not specify any culpability<br>and does not provide explicitly that a person may be guilty without culpability, the<br>culpability that is required is willfully.3.a.Except as otherwise expressly provided, where culpability is required, that kind<br>of culpability is required with respect to every element of the conduct and to<br>those attendant circumstances specified in the definition of the offense, except<br>that where the required culpability is "intentionally", the culpability required as to<br>an attendant circumstance is "knowingly".b.Except as otherwise expressly provided, if conduct is an offense if it causes a<br>particular result, the required degree of culpability is required with respect to the<br>result.c.Except as otherwise expressly provided, culpability is not required with respect<br>to any fact which is solely a basis for grading.d.Except as otherwise expressly provided, culpability is not required with respect<br>to facts which establish that a defense does not exist, if the defense is defined<br>in chapters 12.1-01 through 12.1-06; otherwise the least kind of culpability<br>required for the offense is required with respect to such facts.Page No. 1e.A factor as to which it is expressly stated that it must "in fact" exist is a factor for<br>which culpability is not required.4.Any lesser degree of required culpability is satisfied if the proven degree of<br>culpability is higher.5.Culpability is not required as to the fact that conduct is an offense, except as<br>otherwise expressly provided in a provision outside this title.12.1-02-03.Mistake of fact in affirmative defenses.Unless otherwise expresslyprovided, a mistaken belief that the facts which constitute an affirmative defense exist is not a<br>defense.12.1-02-04.Ignorance or mistake negating culpability.Repealed by S.L. 1975,ch. 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height:815px; text-align:center;\"\u003eLoading PDF...\u003c/div\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t121/pdf/t121c02.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $(\"#embed_document\"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('\u003cembed src=\"'+pdf_url+'\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\u003c/embed\u003e'); } else { embedwindow.html('\u003ciframe style=\"width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'\u0026embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e'); } });\u003c/script\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cnoframes\u003eCHAPTER 12.1-02LIABILITY AND CULPABILITY12.1-02-01. Basis of liability for offenses.1.A person commits an offense only if the person engages in conduct, including an\u003cbr\u003eact, an omission, or possession, in violation of a statute which provides that the\u003cbr\u003econduct is an offense.2.A person who omits to perform an act does not commit an offense unless the person\u003cbr\u003ehas a legal duty to perform the act, nor shall such an omission be an offense if the\u003cbr\u003eact is performed on the person's behalf by a person legally authorized to perform it.12.1-02-02. Requirements of culpability.1.For the purposes of this title, a person engages in conduct:a.\u0026quot;Intentionally\u0026quot; if, when he engages in the conduct, it is his purpose to do so.b.\u0026quot;Knowingly\u0026quot; if, when he engages in the conduct, he knows or has a firm belief,\u003cbr\u003eunaccompanied by substantial doubt, that he is doing so, whether or not it is his\u003cbr\u003epurpose to do so.c.\u0026quot;Recklessly\u0026quot; if he engages in the conduct in conscious and clearly unjustifiable\u003cbr\u003edisregard of a substantial likelihood of the existence of the relevant facts or\u003cbr\u003erisks, such disregard involving a gross deviation from acceptable standards of\u003cbr\u003econduct, except that, as provided in section 12.1-04-02, awareness of the risk is\u003cbr\u003enot required where its absence is due to self-induced intoxication.d.\u0026quot;Negligently\u0026quot; if he engages in the conduct in unreasonable disregard of a\u003cbr\u003esubstantial likelihood of the existence of the relevant facts or risks, such\u003cbr\u003edisregard involving a gross deviation from acceptable standards of conduct.e.\u0026quot;Willfully\u0026quot; if he engages in the conduct intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.2.If a statute or regulation thereunder defining a crime does not specify any culpability\u003cbr\u003eand does not provide explicitly that a person may be guilty without culpability, the\u003cbr\u003eculpability that is required is willfully.3.a.Except as otherwise expressly provided, where culpability is required, that kind\u003cbr\u003eof culpability is required with respect to every element of the conduct and to\u003cbr\u003ethose attendant circumstances specified in the definition of the offense, except\u003cbr\u003ethat where the required culpability is \u0026quot;intentionally\u0026quot;, the culpability required as to\u003cbr\u003ean attendant circumstance is \u0026quot;knowingly\u0026quot;.b.Except as otherwise expressly provided, if conduct is an offense if it causes a\u003cbr\u003eparticular result, the required degree of culpability is required with respect to the\u003cbr\u003eresult.c.Except as otherwise expressly provided, culpability is not required with respect\u003cbr\u003eto any fact which is solely a basis for grading.d.Except as otherwise expressly provided, culpability is not required with respect\u003cbr\u003eto facts which establish that a defense does not exist, if the defense is defined\u003cbr\u003ein chapters 12.1-01 through 12.1-06; otherwise the least kind of culpability\u003cbr\u003erequired for the offense is required with respect to such facts.Page No. 1e.A factor as to which it is expressly stated that it must \u0026quot;in fact\u0026quot; exist is a factor for\u003cbr\u003ewhich culpability is not required.4.Any lesser degree of required culpability is satisfied if the proven degree of\u003cbr\u003eculpability is higher.5.Culpability is not required as to the fact that conduct is an offense, except as\u003cbr\u003eotherwise expressly provided in a provision outside this title.12.1-02-03.Mistake of fact in affirmative defenses.Unless otherwise expresslyprovided, a mistaken belief that the facts which constitute an affirmative defense exist is not a\u003cbr\u003edefense.12.1-02-04.Ignorance or mistake negating culpability.Repealed by S.L. 1975,ch. 116,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:[\"$\",\"article\",null,{\"className\":\"article-content\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"article-header\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/\",\"className\":\"article-category\",\"children\":[\"North Dakota\",\" Statutes\"]}],[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"article-title\",\"children\":\"12.1-02 Liability and Culpability\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"article-body 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