29-01 General Provisions

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TITLE 29JUDICIAL PROCEDURE, CRIMINALCHAPTER 29-01GENERAL PROVISIONS29-01-01.How crimes prosecuted - Exceptions.Every public offense must beprosecuted by information or indictment unless it is one in which:1.A proceeding is had for the removal of a civil officer of the state or an officer of some<br>political subdivision thereof;2.There is a breach of military discipline arising in the militia, when in actual service,<br>and in the land and naval forces in time of war or public danger, or which this state<br>may keep, with the consent of Congress, in time of peace;3.The offense is a misdemeanor or an infraction; or4.Trial may be had in municipal court.29-01-02. Criminal action medium of trial and punishment. The proceeding by whicha party charged with a public offense is accused and brought to trial and punishment is known as<br>a criminal action.29-01-03. How prosecution entitled. A criminal action is prosecuted in the name of thestate of North Dakota as a party against the party charged with the offense.29-01-04. Affidavits need not be entitled. It is not necessary to entitle an affidavit ordeposition in an action whether taken before or after information or indictment or upon an appeal,<br>but if made without a title or with an erroneous title, it is as valid and effectual for every purpose<br>as if it were duly entitled, if it intelligibly refers to the proceeding, information, indictment, or<br>appeal in which it is made.29-01-05. Party defendant is party prosecuted. The party prosecuted in a criminalaction is designated in this code as the accused or as the defendant.29-01-06. Rights of defendant. In all criminal prosecutions the party accused has theright:1.To appear and defend in person and with counsel;2.To demand and be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;3.To meet the witnesses against the party face to face;4.To have the process of the court to compel the attendance of witnesses in the<br>party's behalf; and5.To a speedy and public trial, and by an impartial jury in the county in which the<br>offense is alleged to have been committed or is triable, but subject to the right of the<br>state to have a change of the place of trial for any of the causes for which the party<br>accused may obtain the same.29-01-06.1. Rights of defendant - Exception. When the defendant is charged with acrime under a multiple count indictment or information as allowed by the North Dakota Rules of<br>Criminal Procedure, the defendant may be tried on all counts in any one of the counties in which<br>one of the offenses was committed.Page No. 129-01-06.2. Summoned person to report to sheriff. Whenever a person charged witha felony is not arrested but is summoned to appear in court, that person shall submit to the sheriff<br>for identification procedures at the time of the first court appearance.29-01-07. Only once prosecuted. No person can be twice put in jeopardy for the sameoffense, nor can any person be subjected to a second prosecution for a public offense for which<br>that person has once been prosecuted and convicted, or acquitted, or put in jeopardy, except as<br>is provided by law for new trials.29-01-08. Extent of restraint permissible. No person charged with a public offensecan be subjected before conviction to any more restraint than is necessary for the person's<br>detention to answer the charge.29-01-09. How conviction can be had. No person can be convicted of a crime or publicoffense except:1.By the verdict of a jury accepted and recorded by the court;2.Upon a plea of guilty;3.Upon a judgment against that person, that person's motion to quash having been<br>denied;4.Upon a judgment of a municipal court, or such other court as is or may be created<br>by law for cities in a case in which such judgment may be lawfully given without the<br>intervention of a jury; or5.By the judgment of a court, a jury having been waived.29-01-10. Where district courts held. Each district court may be held, for the trial of acriminal action, in an organized county.29-01-11.District court always open - Exception - Question of fact - Terms.Superseded by N.D.R.Crim.P., Rule 56.29-01-12. Decision of district court reviewable. The final decision of the district courtin a criminal action is reviewable and determinable by the supreme court according to law on an<br>appeal bringing up for review the record and proceedings therein.29-01-13.Definitions.As used in this title, unless the context or subject matterotherwise clearly requires:1.Superseded by N.D.R.Crim.P., Rule 3.2.An "indictment" is an accusation in writing presented by a grand jury to a competent<br>court charging a person with a crime or public offense.3.A "presentment" is an informal statement in writing by a grand jury representing to<br>the court that a public offense has been committed which is triable in the county or<br>subdivision, and that there is reasonable ground to believe that a particular individual<br>named or described has committed it.4.An "information" is an accusation in writing, in form and substance like an indictment<br>for the same offense, charging a person with a crime or public offense, signed and<br>verified by some person and presented to the district court and filed in the office of<br>the clerk of said court.5.A "magistrate" is an officer authorized by law to issue a warrant for the arrest of a<br>person charged with a crime or public offense.Page No. 26.The term "writing" includes printing and typewriting.7.The term "oath" includes an affirmation.8.The term "signature" includes a mark, when the person cannot write, the person's<br>name being written near it and the mark being witnessed by a person who writes the<br>witness's own name as a witness, except that if the paper is an affidavit or<br>deposition, or a paper issued before a judicial officer, the attestation of the officer is<br>sufficient.9.The term "county" includes an organized county, or an organized county and such<br>unorganized counties or other territory or parts of this state as may be attached by<br>law to such organized county for judicial purposes.29-01-14. Who are magistrates. The following officers are magistrates:1.The judges of the supreme court, with authority to act as such throughout the state.2.The judges of the district courts, with authority to act as such throughout the judicial<br>districts for which they respectively are elected.3.As limited by law directing the place of exercising their jurisdiction and authority,<br>magistrates appointed by the presiding judge of a judicial district, municipal judges,<br>and small claims court referees who are licensed to practice law and authorized by<br>the presiding judge of the judicial district in case of an emergency, each with<br>authority to act as magistrate throughout the county or the city for which the<br>magistrate is elected or appointed.29-01-15. Jurisdiction of municipal judges and small claims court referees. Anymunicipal judge may:1.Act as committing magistrate; provided, that this subsection does not apply to<br>municipal judges who are not attorneys currently licensed under chapter 27-11.2.Hear, try, and determine misdemeanors and infractions when jurisdiction has been<br>conferred by the Constitution of North Dakota and this and other laws.3.Adjudge and impose the punishment prescribed by law, upon conviction, in all cases<br>within the municipal judge's jurisdiction to hear, try, and determine.4.Grant temporary protection orders under the particular circumstances and for the<br>limited duration set forth in section 14-07.1-08.A small claims court referee authorized pursuant to subsection 3 of section 29-01-14 may act as<br>a committing magistrate. A magistrate appointed by the presiding judge of the judicial district has<br>the authority to act to the extent allowed by rules promulgated by the supreme court.29-01-16.When misdemeanor or infraction may be compromised.When adefendant is held to answer on a charge constituting a misdemeanor or infraction, for which a<br>person injured by the act constituting the offense has a remedy by a civil action, the offense may<br>be compromised as provided in section 29-01-17, except:1.If the offense was committed by or upon a judge of any court in this state, or in any<br>city in this state, or a peace officer, while in the execution of the duties of the<br>person's office;2.If the offense was committed with an intent to commit a felony; orPage No. 33.If the offense involves a crime of domestic violence as defined in section 14-07.1-01<br>or is a violation of section 12.1-20-05, 12.1-20-07, 12.1-20-12.1, or 12.1-20-12.2.29-01-17. Stay of proceedings upon compromise. If a party injured appears beforethe court in which a trial for the commission of a public offense is to be had, at any time before<br>the trial, and acknowledges that the party injured has received satisfaction for the injury, the<br>court, on payment of the costs incurred, may order all proceedings to be stayed upon the<br>prosecution and the defendant to be discharged therefrom, but in such a case the reasons for the<br>order must be set forth therein and entered on the minutes.29-01-18. Order to stay is a bar. The order authorized by section 29-01-17 is a bar toanother prosecution for the same offense.29-01-19. Compromise limited. A public offense may not be compromised, nor mayany proceeding for the prosecution or punishment thereof, upon a compromise, be stayed except<br>as is provided in sections 29-01-16 and 29-01-17 and with the consent of the state.29-01-20. Stolen property to be held by peace officer. When property alleged to havebeen stolen or embezzled comes into the custody of a peace officer, the peace officer shall hold<br>it subject to the order of the magistrate authorized by section 29-01-21 to direct the disposal<br>thereof.29-01-21. Magistrate to give order for delivery. On satisfactory proof of the title of theowner of the property, the magistrate before whom the complaint is laid, or who examines the<br>charge against the person accused of stealing or embezzling the property, may order it to be<br>delivered to the owner on the owner's paying the reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in<br>its preservation, to be certified by the magistrate. The order entitles the owner to demand and<br>receive the property.29-01-22. Delivery of stolen property by magistrate. If property stolen or embezzledcomes into the custody of a magistrate, it must be delivered to the owner on satisfactory proof of<br>the owner's title and on the owner's paying the necessary expenses incurred in its preservation,<br>to be certified by the magistrate.29-01-23.Court may order delivery of stolen property.If property stolen orembezzled has not been delivered to the owner, the court before which a trial is had for stealing<br>or embezzling it, on proof of the owner's title, may order it to be restored to the owner.29-01-24. Unclaimed stolen property - Delivery to county treasurer. If the propertystolen or embezzled is not claimed by the owner within six months from the conviction of a<br>person for stealing or embezzling it, the magistrate or officer having it in custody, on the payment<br>of the necessary expenses incurred in its preservation, shall deliver it to the county treasurer by<br>whom, if it is money, it must be paid into the county treasury, or if it is not money, it must be sold<br>and the proceeds paid into such treasury.29-01-25. Receipt to accused and clerk or magistrate. When money or other propertyis taken from a defendant arrested upon a charge of a public offense, the officer taking it at the<br>time shall give duplicate receipts therefor, specifying particularly the amount of the money, or the<br>kind of property taken, one of which receipts the officer shall deliver to the defendant, and the<br>other of which the officer shall file at once with the clerk of the court to which the complaint and<br>other papers in the case by law are required to be sent. When such property is taken by a police<br>officer of any incorporated city, the officer shall deliver one of the receipts to the defendant and<br>one, with the property, at once to the clerk or other person in charge of the police office in such<br>city, or, if there is no such clerk or other person, then to the magistrate before whom such<br>defendant may be taken for examination or trial.29-01-26. Duty of clerk or magistrate. The clerk, magistrate, or other person to whomproperty is delivered, as provided in section 29-01-25, shall record every amount of money and a<br>description of every article of property taken from each person arrested, attach a number to everyPage No. 4amount of money and every article of property, and make a corresponding entry thereof.<br>Sufficient compliance with this section is met if the entries are made in the docket of the<br>magistrate after the receipt and property are delivered to a magistrate, as provided in section<br>29-01-25.29-01-27.Indigent defendant - Attorney appointed - Compensation - Limitation.Repealed by S.L. 1967, ch. 259,</div></article><aside class="right-sidebar"><div class="related-sidebar"><h3><span class="emoji">⚖️</span> State Laws</h3><ul class="state-laws-list"><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alabama">The State Laws of Alabama</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alaska">The State Laws of Alaska</a></li><li><a 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height:815px; text-align:center;\"\u003eLoading PDF...\u003c/div\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t29/pdf/t29c01.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $(\"#embed_document\"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('\u003cembed src=\"'+pdf_url+'\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\u003c/embed\u003e'); } else { embedwindow.html('\u003ciframe style=\"width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'\u0026embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e'); } });\u003c/script\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cnoframes\u003eTITLE 29JUDICIAL PROCEDURE, CRIMINALCHAPTER 29-01GENERAL PROVISIONS29-01-01.How crimes prosecuted - Exceptions.Every public offense must beprosecuted by information or indictment unless it is one in which:1.A proceeding is had for the removal of a civil officer of the state or an officer of some\u003cbr\u003epolitical subdivision thereof;2.There is a breach of military discipline arising in the militia, when in actual service,\u003cbr\u003eand in the land and naval forces in time of war or public danger, or which this state\u003cbr\u003emay keep, with the consent of Congress, in time of peace;3.The offense is a misdemeanor or an infraction; or4.Trial may be had in municipal court.29-01-02. Criminal action medium of trial and punishment. The proceeding by whicha party charged with a public offense is accused and brought to trial and punishment is known as\u003cbr\u003ea criminal action.29-01-03. How prosecution entitled. A criminal action is prosecuted in the name of thestate of North Dakota as a party against the party charged with the offense.29-01-04. Affidavits need not be entitled. It is not necessary to entitle an affidavit ordeposition in an action whether taken before or after information or indictment or upon an appeal,\u003cbr\u003ebut if made without a title or with an erroneous title, it is as valid and effectual for every purpose\u003cbr\u003eas if it were duly entitled, if it intelligibly refers to the proceeding, information, indictment, or\u003cbr\u003eappeal in which it is made.29-01-05. Party defendant is party prosecuted. The party prosecuted in a criminalaction is designated in this code as the accused or as the defendant.29-01-06. Rights of defendant. In all criminal prosecutions the party accused has theright:1.To appear and defend in person and with counsel;2.To demand and be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;3.To meet the witnesses against the party face to face;4.To have the process of the court to compel the attendance of witnesses in the\u003cbr\u003eparty's behalf; and5.To a speedy and public trial, and by an impartial jury in the county in which the\u003cbr\u003eoffense is alleged to have been committed or is triable, but subject to the right of the\u003cbr\u003estate to have a change of the place of trial for any of the causes for which the party\u003cbr\u003eaccused may obtain the same.29-01-06.1. Rights of defendant - Exception. When the defendant is charged with acrime under a multiple count indictment or information as allowed by the North Dakota Rules of\u003cbr\u003eCriminal Procedure, the defendant may be tried on all counts in any one of the counties in which\u003cbr\u003eone of the offenses was committed.Page No. 129-01-06.2. Summoned person to report to sheriff. Whenever a person charged witha felony is not arrested but is summoned to appear in court, that person shall submit to the sheriff\u003cbr\u003efor identification procedures at the time of the first court appearance.29-01-07. Only once prosecuted. No person can be twice put in jeopardy for the sameoffense, nor can any person be subjected to a second prosecution for a public offense for which\u003cbr\u003ethat person has once been prosecuted and convicted, or acquitted, or put in jeopardy, except as\u003cbr\u003eis provided by law for new trials.29-01-08. Extent of restraint permissible. No person charged with a public offensecan be subjected before conviction to any more restraint than is necessary for the person's\u003cbr\u003edetention to answer the charge.29-01-09. How conviction can be had. No person can be convicted of a crime or publicoffense except:1.By the verdict of a jury accepted and recorded by the court;2.Upon a plea of guilty;3.Upon a judgment against that person, that person's motion to quash having been\u003cbr\u003edenied;4.Upon a judgment of a municipal court, or such other court as is or may be created\u003cbr\u003eby law for cities in a case in which such judgment may be lawfully given without the\u003cbr\u003eintervention of a jury; or5.By the judgment of a court, a jury having been waived.29-01-10. Where district courts held. Each district court may be held, for the trial of acriminal action, in an organized county.29-01-11.District court always open - Exception - Question of fact - Terms.Superseded by N.D.R.Crim.P., Rule 56.29-01-12. Decision of district court reviewable. The final decision of the district courtin a criminal action is reviewable and determinable by the supreme court according to law on an\u003cbr\u003eappeal bringing up for review the record and proceedings therein.29-01-13.Definitions.As used in this title, unless the context or subject matterotherwise clearly requires:1.Superseded by N.D.R.Crim.P., Rule 3.2.An \u0026quot;indictment\u0026quot; is an accusation in writing presented by a grand jury to a competent\u003cbr\u003ecourt charging a person with a crime or public offense.3.A \u0026quot;presentment\u0026quot; is an informal statement in writing by a grand jury representing to\u003cbr\u003ethe court that a public offense has been committed which is triable in the county or\u003cbr\u003esubdivision, and that there is reasonable ground to believe that a particular individual\u003cbr\u003enamed or described has committed it.4.An \u0026quot;information\u0026quot; is an accusation in writing, in form and substance like an indictment\u003cbr\u003efor the same offense, charging a person with a crime or public offense, signed and\u003cbr\u003everified by some person and presented to the district court and filed in the office of\u003cbr\u003ethe clerk of said court.5.A \u0026quot;magistrate\u0026quot; is an officer authorized by law to issue a warrant for the arrest of a\u003cbr\u003eperson charged with a crime or public offense.Page No. 26.The term \u0026quot;writing\u0026quot; includes printing and typewriting.7.The term \u0026quot;oath\u0026quot; includes an affirmation.8.The term \u0026quot;signature\u0026quot; includes a mark, when the person cannot write, the person's\u003cbr\u003ename being written near it and the mark being witnessed by a person who writes the\u003cbr\u003ewitness's own name as a witness, except that if the paper is an affidavit or\u003cbr\u003edeposition, or a paper issued before a judicial officer, the attestation of the officer is\u003cbr\u003esufficient.9.The term \u0026quot;county\u0026quot; includes an organized county, or an organized county and such\u003cbr\u003eunorganized counties or other territory or parts of this state as may be attached by\u003cbr\u003elaw to such organized county for judicial purposes.29-01-14. Who are magistrates. The following officers are magistrates:1.The judges of the supreme court, with authority to act as such throughout the state.2.The judges of the district courts, with authority to act as such throughout the judicial\u003cbr\u003edistricts for which they respectively are elected.3.As limited by law directing the place of exercising their jurisdiction and authority,\u003cbr\u003emagistrates appointed by the presiding judge of a judicial district, municipal judges,\u003cbr\u003eand small claims court referees who are licensed to practice law and authorized by\u003cbr\u003ethe presiding judge of the judicial district in case of an emergency, each with\u003cbr\u003eauthority to act as magistrate throughout the county or the city for which the\u003cbr\u003emagistrate is elected or appointed.29-01-15. Jurisdiction of municipal judges and small claims court referees. Anymunicipal judge may:1.Act as committing magistrate; provided, that this subsection does not apply to\u003cbr\u003emunicipal judges who are not attorneys currently licensed under chapter 27-11.2.Hear, try, and determine misdemeanors and infractions when jurisdiction has been\u003cbr\u003econferred by the Constitution of North Dakota and this and other laws.3.Adjudge and impose the punishment prescribed by law, upon conviction, in all cases\u003cbr\u003ewithin the municipal judge's jurisdiction to hear, try, and determine.4.Grant temporary protection orders under the particular circumstances and for the\u003cbr\u003elimited duration set forth in section 14-07.1-08.A small claims court referee authorized pursuant to subsection 3 of section 29-01-14 may act as\u003cbr\u003ea committing magistrate. A magistrate appointed by the presiding judge of the judicial district has\u003cbr\u003ethe authority to act to the extent allowed by rules promulgated by the supreme court.29-01-16.When misdemeanor or infraction may be compromised.When adefendant is held to answer on a charge constituting a misdemeanor or infraction, for which a\u003cbr\u003eperson injured by the act constituting the offense has a remedy by a civil action, the offense may\u003cbr\u003ebe compromised as provided in section 29-01-17, except:1.If the offense was committed by or upon a judge of any court in this state, or in any\u003cbr\u003ecity in this state, or a peace officer, while in the execution of the duties of the\u003cbr\u003eperson's office;2.If the offense was committed with an intent to commit a felony; orPage No. 33.If the offense involves a crime of domestic violence as defined in section 14-07.1-01\u003cbr\u003eor is a violation of section 12.1-20-05, 12.1-20-07, 12.1-20-12.1, or 12.1-20-12.2.29-01-17. Stay of proceedings upon compromise. If a party injured appears beforethe court in which a trial for the commission of a public offense is to be had, at any time before\u003cbr\u003ethe trial, and acknowledges that the party injured has received satisfaction for the injury, the\u003cbr\u003ecourt, on payment of the costs incurred, may order all proceedings to be stayed upon the\u003cbr\u003eprosecution and the defendant to be discharged therefrom, but in such a case the reasons for the\u003cbr\u003eorder must be set forth therein and entered on the minutes.29-01-18. Order to stay is a bar. The order authorized by section 29-01-17 is a bar toanother prosecution for the same offense.29-01-19. Compromise limited. A public offense may not be compromised, nor mayany proceeding for the prosecution or punishment thereof, upon a compromise, be stayed except\u003cbr\u003eas is provided in sections 29-01-16 and 29-01-17 and with the consent of the state.29-01-20. Stolen property to be held by peace officer. When property alleged to havebeen stolen or embezzled comes into the custody of a peace officer, the peace officer shall hold\u003cbr\u003eit subject to the order of the magistrate authorized by section 29-01-21 to direct the disposal\u003cbr\u003ethereof.29-01-21. Magistrate to give order for delivery. On satisfactory proof of the title of theowner of the property, the magistrate before whom the complaint is laid, or who examines the\u003cbr\u003echarge against the person accused of stealing or embezzling the property, may order it to be\u003cbr\u003edelivered to the owner on the owner's paying the reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in\u003cbr\u003eits preservation, to be certified by the magistrate. The order entitles the owner to demand and\u003cbr\u003ereceive the property.29-01-22. Delivery of stolen property by magistrate. If property stolen or embezzledcomes into the custody of a magistrate, it must be delivered to the owner on satisfactory proof of\u003cbr\u003ethe owner's title and on the owner's paying the necessary expenses incurred in its preservation,\u003cbr\u003eto be certified by the magistrate.29-01-23.Court may order delivery of stolen property.If property stolen orembezzled has not been delivered to the owner, the court before which a trial is had for stealing\u003cbr\u003eor embezzling it, on proof of the owner's title, may order it to be restored to the owner.29-01-24. Unclaimed stolen property - Delivery to county treasurer. If the propertystolen or embezzled is not claimed by the owner within six months from the conviction of a\u003cbr\u003eperson for stealing or embezzling it, the magistrate or officer having it in custody, on the payment\u003cbr\u003eof the necessary expenses incurred in its preservation, shall deliver it to the county treasurer by\u003cbr\u003ewhom, if it is money, it must be paid into the county treasury, or if it is not money, it must be sold\u003cbr\u003eand the proceeds paid into such treasury.29-01-25. Receipt to accused and clerk or magistrate. When money or other propertyis taken from a defendant arrested upon a charge of a public offense, the officer taking it at the\u003cbr\u003etime shall give duplicate receipts therefor, specifying particularly the amount of the money, or the\u003cbr\u003ekind of property taken, one of which receipts the officer shall deliver to the defendant, and the\u003cbr\u003eother of which the officer shall file at once with the clerk of the court to which the complaint and\u003cbr\u003eother papers in the case by law are required to be sent. When such property is taken by a police\u003cbr\u003eofficer of any incorporated city, the officer shall deliver one of the receipts to the defendant and\u003cbr\u003eone, with the property, at once to the clerk or other person in charge of the police office in such\u003cbr\u003ecity, or, if there is no such clerk or other person, then to the magistrate before whom such\u003cbr\u003edefendant may be taken for examination or trial.29-01-26. Duty of clerk or magistrate. The clerk, magistrate, or other person to whomproperty is delivered, as provided in section 29-01-25, shall record every amount of money and a\u003cbr\u003edescription of every article of property taken from each person arrested, attach a number to everyPage No. 4amount of money and every article of property, and make a corresponding entry thereof.\u003cbr\u003eSufficient compliance with this section is met if the entries are made in the docket of the\u003cbr\u003emagistrate after the receipt and property are delivered to a magistrate, as provided in section\u003cbr\u003e29-01-25.29-01-27.Indigent defendant - Attorney appointed - Compensation - Limitation.Repealed by S.L. 1967, ch. 259,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:[\"$\",\"article\",null,{\"className\":\"article-content\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"article-header\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/\",\"className\":\"article-category\",\"children\":[\"North 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