31-01 Witnesses, Their Qualifications, Rights, and Duties

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TITLE 31JUDICIAL PROOFCHAPTER 31-01WITNESSES, THEIR QUALIFICATIONS, RIGHTS, AND DUTIES31-01-01.Persons competent to testify as witnesses generally - Exception.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-02.Competency of husband or wife as witness - Communications madeduring marriage - Exceptions. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 504.31-01-03. Competency of party or officers of corporate party as to transactions orconversations with decedent - Exceptions. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-04. When husband or wife may testify to transactions and conversations hadwith deceased spouse. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-05. When transactions or conversations with decedent may be testified to byparty to action. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-06. Public officers cannot testify regarding confidential communications. Aperson cannot be examined as a witness in the following cases:1.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 502.2.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 505.3.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 503.4.A public officer cannot be examined as to communications made to the public officer<br>in official confidence when the public interests would suffer by the disclosure.31-01-06.1.Counselors shall be immune from disclosing information given bypupils. For the purpose of counseling in a school system, any elementary or secondary school<br>counselor possessing a valid North Dakota guidance credential from the department of public<br>instruction, and who has been duly appointed a counselor for a school system by its proper<br>authority, shall be legally immune from disclosing any privileged or confidential communication<br>made to such counselor in a counseling interview. Such communication shall be disclosed when<br>requested by the counselee.31-01-06.2. Disclosure of news sources and information required only on courtorder. No person shall be required in any proceeding or hearing to disclose any information or<br>the source of any information procured or obtained while the person was engaged in gathering,<br>writing, photographing, or editing news and was employed by or acting for any organization<br>engaged in publishing or broadcasting news, unless directed by an order of a district court of this<br>state which, after hearing, finds that the failure of disclosure of such evidence will cause a<br>miscarriage of justice.31-01-06.3. Addiction counselor - Client privilege - Definitions. As used in sections31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6:1."Client" means a person who consults or is examined or interviewed by a counselor.2."Confidential communication" means a communication which is not intended to be<br>disclosed to third parties, except persons present to further the interest of the client<br>in the consultation, examination, or interview, persons reasonably necessary for thePage No. 1transmission of the communication, or persons who are participating in the diagnosis<br>and treatment under the direction of the counselor, including members of the client's<br>family.3."Counselor" means an addiction counselor who has been licensed under chapter<br>43-45 or who is reasonably believed by the client so to be, while engaged in the<br>diagnosis or treatment of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, including<br>alcohol or any addiction.4."Privilege"meansthecounselor-clientprivilegeauthorizedundersections31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6.31-01-06.4. General rule of privilege. A client has a privilege to refuse to disclose andto prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications made for the purpose of<br>diagnosis or treatment of the client's physical, mental, or emotional condition, including alcohol or<br>drug addiction, among the client, the client's counselor, and persons who are participating in the<br>diagnosis or treatment under the direction of the counselor, including members of the client's<br>family.31-01-06.5. Who may claim the privilege. The privilege may be claimed by the client,the client's guardian or conservator, or the personal representative of a deceased client. The<br>person who was the counselor at the time of the communication is presumed to have authority to<br>claim the privilege but only on behalf of the client.31-01-06.6. Exceptions to the privilege.1.Thereisnoprivilegeundersections31-01-06.3through31-01-06.6forcommunications relevant to an issue in proceedings to hospitalize the client for<br>mental illness, including alcohol or drug addiction, if the counselor in the course of<br>diagnosis or treatment has determined the client is in need of hospitalization.2.If the court orders an examination of the physical, mental, or emotional condition of a<br>client, whether a party or a witness, communications made in the course thereof are<br>not privileged under sections 31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6 with respect to the<br>particular purpose for which the examination is ordered unless the court orders<br>otherwise.3.There is no privilege under sections 31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6 as to a<br>communication relevant to an issue of the physical, mental, or emotional condition of<br>the client in any proceeding in which the client relies on a condition as an element of<br>the client's claim or defense or, after the client's death, in any proceeding in which<br>any party relies upon the condition as an element of the party's claim or defense.31-01-07. Act constituting consent to disclosure of confidential communications.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 510.31-01-08. When conviction of perjury or subornation thereof disqualifies witness -Effect on innocent rights if received. Repealed by S.L. 1973, ch. 116,</div></article><aside class="right-sidebar"><div class="related-sidebar"><h3><span class="emoji">⚖️</span> State Laws</h3><ul class="state-laws-list"><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alabama">The State Laws of Alabama</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alaska">The State Laws of Alaska</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arizona">The State Laws of Arizona</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arkansas">The State Laws of Arkansas</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-california">The State Laws of California</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-colorado">The State Laws of Colorado</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-connecticut">The State Laws of Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-delaware">The State Laws of Delaware</a></li><li><a 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height:815px; text-align:center;\"\u003eLoading PDF...\u003c/div\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t31/pdf/t31c01.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $(\"#embed_document\"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('\u003cembed src=\"'+pdf_url+'\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\u003c/embed\u003e'); } else { embedwindow.html('\u003ciframe style=\"width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'\u0026embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e'); } });\u003c/script\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cnoframes\u003eTITLE 31JUDICIAL PROOFCHAPTER 31-01WITNESSES, THEIR QUALIFICATIONS, RIGHTS, AND DUTIES31-01-01.Persons competent to testify as witnesses generally - Exception.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-02.Competency of husband or wife as witness - Communications madeduring marriage - Exceptions. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 504.31-01-03. Competency of party or officers of corporate party as to transactions orconversations with decedent - Exceptions. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-04. When husband or wife may testify to transactions and conversations hadwith deceased spouse. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-05. When transactions or conversations with decedent may be testified to byparty to action. Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 601.31-01-06. Public officers cannot testify regarding confidential communications. Aperson cannot be examined as a witness in the following cases:1.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 502.2.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 505.3.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 501, 503.4.A public officer cannot be examined as to communications made to the public officer\u003cbr\u003ein official confidence when the public interests would suffer by the disclosure.31-01-06.1.Counselors shall be immune from disclosing information given bypupils. For the purpose of counseling in a school system, any elementary or secondary school\u003cbr\u003ecounselor possessing a valid North Dakota guidance credential from the department of public\u003cbr\u003einstruction, and who has been duly appointed a counselor for a school system by its proper\u003cbr\u003eauthority, shall be legally immune from disclosing any privileged or confidential communication\u003cbr\u003emade to such counselor in a counseling interview. Such communication shall be disclosed when\u003cbr\u003erequested by the counselee.31-01-06.2. Disclosure of news sources and information required only on courtorder. No person shall be required in any proceeding or hearing to disclose any information or\u003cbr\u003ethe source of any information procured or obtained while the person was engaged in gathering,\u003cbr\u003ewriting, photographing, or editing news and was employed by or acting for any organization\u003cbr\u003eengaged in publishing or broadcasting news, unless directed by an order of a district court of this\u003cbr\u003estate which, after hearing, finds that the failure of disclosure of such evidence will cause a\u003cbr\u003emiscarriage of justice.31-01-06.3. Addiction counselor - Client privilege - Definitions. As used in sections31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6:1.\u0026quot;Client\u0026quot; means a person who consults or is examined or interviewed by a counselor.2.\u0026quot;Confidential communication\u0026quot; means a communication which is not intended to be\u003cbr\u003edisclosed to third parties, except persons present to further the interest of the client\u003cbr\u003ein the consultation, examination, or interview, persons reasonably necessary for thePage No. 1transmission of the communication, or persons who are participating in the diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eand treatment under the direction of the counselor, including members of the client's\u003cbr\u003efamily.3.\u0026quot;Counselor\u0026quot; means an addiction counselor who has been licensed under chapter\u003cbr\u003e43-45 or who is reasonably believed by the client so to be, while engaged in the\u003cbr\u003ediagnosis or treatment of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, including\u003cbr\u003ealcohol or any addiction.4.\u0026quot;Privilege\u0026quot;meansthecounselor-clientprivilegeauthorizedundersections31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6.31-01-06.4. General rule of privilege. A client has a privilege to refuse to disclose andto prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications made for the purpose of\u003cbr\u003ediagnosis or treatment of the client's physical, mental, or emotional condition, including alcohol or\u003cbr\u003edrug addiction, among the client, the client's counselor, and persons who are participating in the\u003cbr\u003ediagnosis or treatment under the direction of the counselor, including members of the client's\u003cbr\u003efamily.31-01-06.5. Who may claim the privilege. The privilege may be claimed by the client,the client's guardian or conservator, or the personal representative of a deceased client. The\u003cbr\u003eperson who was the counselor at the time of the communication is presumed to have authority to\u003cbr\u003eclaim the privilege but only on behalf of the client.31-01-06.6. Exceptions to the privilege.1.Thereisnoprivilegeundersections31-01-06.3through31-01-06.6forcommunications relevant to an issue in proceedings to hospitalize the client for\u003cbr\u003emental illness, including alcohol or drug addiction, if the counselor in the course of\u003cbr\u003ediagnosis or treatment has determined the client is in need of hospitalization.2.If the court orders an examination of the physical, mental, or emotional condition of a\u003cbr\u003eclient, whether a party or a witness, communications made in the course thereof are\u003cbr\u003enot privileged under sections 31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6 with respect to the\u003cbr\u003eparticular purpose for which the examination is ordered unless the court orders\u003cbr\u003eotherwise.3.There is no privilege under sections 31-01-06.3 through 31-01-06.6 as to a\u003cbr\u003ecommunication relevant to an issue of the physical, mental, or emotional condition of\u003cbr\u003ethe client in any proceeding in which the client relies on a condition as an element of\u003cbr\u003ethe client's claim or defense or, after the client's death, in any proceeding in which\u003cbr\u003eany party relies upon the condition as an element of the party's claim or defense.31-01-07. Act constituting consent to disclosure of confidential communications.Superseded by N.D.R.Ev. 510.31-01-08. When conviction of perjury or subornation thereof disqualifies witness -Effect on innocent rights if received. 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