32-15 Eminent Domain

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CHAPTER 32-15EMINENT DOMAIN32-15-01.Eminent domain defined - How exercised - Condemnor defined -Exceptions.1.Eminent domain is the right to take private property for public use.2.Private property may not be taken or damaged for public use without just<br>compensation first having been made to or paid into court for the owner. When<br>private property is taken by a person, no benefit to accrue from the proposed<br>improvement may be allowed in ascertaining the compensation to be made therefor.<br>Private property may not be taken for the use of, or ownership by, any private<br>individual or entity, unless that property is necessary for conducting a common<br>carrier or utility business. A determination of the compensation must be made by a<br>jury, unless a jury is waived. The right of eminent domain may be exercised in the<br>manner provided in this chapter.3.Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a public use or a public purpose does not<br>include public benefits of economic development, including an increase in tax base,<br>tax revenues, employment, or general economic health.4.For the purpose of this chapter, "condemnor" means a person empowered to take<br>property under the power of eminent domain.32-15-02. Purposes for which exercised. Subject to the provisions of this chapter, theright of eminent domain may be exercised in behalf of the following public uses:1.All public uses authorized by the government of the United States.2.Public buildings and grounds for the use of the state and all other public uses<br>authorized by the legislative assembly of the state.3.Public buildings and grounds for the use of any county, city, park district, or school<br>district; canals, aqueducts, flumes, ditches, or pipes for conducting water for the use<br>of the inhabitants of any county or city, or for draining any county or city; raising the<br>banks of streams, removing obstructions therefrom, and widening, deepening, or<br>straightening their channels; roads, streets, and alleys, and all other uses for the<br>benefit of any county, city, or park district, or the inhabitants thereof, which may be<br>authorized by the legislative assembly, but the mode of apportioning and collecting<br>the costs of such improvement shall be such as may be provided in the statutes by<br>which the same may be authorized.4.Wharves, docks, piers, chutes, booms, ferries, bridges, toll roads, byroads, plank<br>and turnpike roads, railroads and street railways, electric light plants and power<br>transmission lines and canals, ditches, flumes, aqueducts, and pipes for public<br>transportation, supplying mines, and irrigating, draining, and reclaiming lands.5.Roads, tunnels, ditches, flumes, pipes, and dumping places for working mines,<br>outlets, natural or otherwise, for the flow, deposit, or conduct of the tailings or refuse<br>from mines and mill dams.6.Byroads leading from highways to residences and farms.7.Telegraph and telephone lines.Page No. 18.Sewage disposal of any city, or of any settlement consisting of not less than ten<br>families, or of any public buildings belonging to the state, or of any college or<br>university.9.Cemeteries and public parks.10.Oil, gas, coal, and carbon dioxide pipelines and works and plants for supplying or<br>conducting gas, oil, coal, carbon dioxide, heat, refrigeration, or power for the use of<br>any county, city, or the inhabitants thereof, together with lands, buildings, and all<br>other improvements in or upon which to erect, install, place, maintain, use, or<br>operate pumps, stations, tanks, and other machinery or apparatus, and buildings,<br>works, and plants for the purpose of generating, refining, regulating, compressing,<br>transmitting, or distributing the same, or necessary for the proper development and<br>control of such gas, oil, coal, carbon dioxide, heat, refrigeration, or power, either at<br>the time of the taking of said property or for the future proper development and<br>control thereof.11.Lands sought to be acquired by the state or any duly authorized and designated<br>state official or board, which lands necessarily must be flooded in widening or raising<br>the waters of any body or stream of navigable or public water in the state of North<br>Dakota.32-15-03. What estate subject to be taken. The following is a classification of theestates and rights in lands subject to be taken for public use:1.A fee simple, when taken for public buildings or grounds, for permanent buildings,<br>for reservoirs and dams and permanent flooding occasioned thereby, for an outlet<br>for a flow or a place for the deposit of debris or tailings of a mine, or for the<br>construction of parking lots and facilities for motor vehicles.2.An easement, when taken for highway purposes or for any other use except, upon a<br>proper allegation of the need therefor, the court shall have the power to order that a<br>fee simple be taken for such other use.3.The right of entry upon and occupation of lands and the right to take therefrom such<br>earth, gravel, stones, trees, and timber as may be necessary for a public use.However, the provisions of this section shall not authorize the state or any political subdivision<br>thereof to obtain any rights or interest in or to the oil, gas, or fluid minerals on or underlying any<br>estate or right in lands subject to be taken for a public use.32-15-03.1. Declaration of legislative intent. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-03.2. Termination of estates greater than an easement. No transfer to thestate of North Dakota or any of its political subdivisions of property for highway purposes shall be<br>deemed to include any interest greater than an easement, and where any greater estate shall<br>have been so transferred, the same is hereby reconveyed to the owner from which such land<br>was originally taken, or to the heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns of such owner. Such<br>reconveyance shall be subject to any existing contracts or agreements covering such property,<br>and all rights and benefits thereof shall accrue to the grantee.32-15-04. What property may be taken. The private property which may be takenunder this chapter includes:1.All real property belonging to any person.2.Lands belonging to this state or to any county, city, or park district, not appropriated<br>to some public use.Page No. 23.Property appropriated to public use, but such property shall not be taken unless for a<br>more necessary public use than that to which it has been appropriated already, and<br>use by a public corporation shall be deemed a more necessary public use than use<br>for the same purpose by a private corporation or limited liability company, and<br>whenever a right of way shall have been taken and the person, firm, corporation, or<br>limited liability company taking such right of way shall fail or neglect for five years to<br>use the same for the purpose to which it had been appropriated, the attempt by<br>another person, firm, corporation, or limited liability company to appropriate such<br>right of way shall be considered a more necessary public use.4.Franchises for toll roads, toll bridges, ferries, and all other franchises, but such<br>franchises shall not be taken unless for free highways, railroads, or other more<br>necessary public use.5.Any system of waterworks, electric light and power plant, wells, reservoirs, pipelines,<br>machinery, franchises, and all other property of any character whatsoever<br>comprising a waterworks system or an electric light and power system.6.All rights of way for any and all the purposes mentioned in section 32-15-02 and any<br>and all structures and improvements thereon, and the lands held or used in<br>connection therewith, shall be subject to be connected with, crossed, or intersected<br>by any other right of way or improvement or structure thereon. They also shall be<br>subject to a limited use in common with the owner thereof when necessary, but such<br>uses, crossings, intersections, and connections shall be made in the manner most<br>compatible with the greatest public benefit and the least private injury.7.All classes of private property not enumerated may be taken for public use when<br>such taking is authorized by law.32-15-05. What must appear before property taken. Before property can be taken itmust appear:1.That the use to which it is to be applied is a use authorized by law.2.That the taking is necessary to such use.3.If already appropriated to some public use, that the public use to which it is to be<br>applied is a more necessary public use.32-15-06. Entry for making surveys. In all cases when land is required for public use,the person or corporation, or the person's or corporation's agents, in charge of such use may<br>survey and locate the same, but it must be located in the manner which will be compatible with<br>the greatest public benefit and the least private injury and subject to the provisions of section<br>32-15-21.Whoever is in charge of such public use may enter upon the land and makeexaminations, surveys, and maps thereof, and such entry constitutes no claim for relief in favor of<br>the owner of the land except for injuries resulting from negligence, wantonness, or malice.32-15-06.1. Duty to negotiate - Just compensation - Appraisals.1.A condemnor shall make every reasonable and diligent effort to acquire property by<br>negotiation.2.Before initiating negotiations for the purchase of property, the condemnor shall<br>establish an amount which it believes to be just compensation therefor and promptly<br>shall submit to the owner an offer to acquire the property for the full amount so<br>established. The amount shall not be less than the condemnor's approved appraisal<br>or written statement and summary of just compensation for the property.Page No. 33.In establishing the amount believed to be just compensation, the condemnor shall<br>disregard any decrease or increase in the fair market value of the property caused<br>by the project for which the property is to be acquired or by the reasonable likelihood<br>that the property will be acquired for that project, other than a decrease due to<br>physical deterioration within the reasonable control of the owner.4.The condemnor shall provide the owner of the property with a written appraisal, if<br>one has been prepared, or if one has not been prepared, with a written statement<br>and summary, showing the basis for the amount it established as just compensation<br>for the property. If appropriate, the compensation for the property to be acquired<br>and for the damages to remaining property shall be separately stated.32-15-06.2.Disclosures.The condemnor, upon request, shall provide the propertyowner or the owner's representative with the names of at least ten neighboring property owners<br>to whom offers are being made, or a list of all offerees if fewer than ten owners are affected. A<br>current and relevant map showing all neighboring property affected by a project shall also be<br>provided to the property owner. Upon request by an owner or the owner's representative, the<br>condemnor shall provide the names of any other property owners within that county and adjacent<br>counties whose property may be taken for the project. The owner or the owner's representative<br>shall have the right, upon request, to examine any maps in the possession of the condemnor<br>showing property affected by the project. The owner or the owner's representative may obtain<br>copies of such maps by tendering to the condemnor the reasonable and necessary costs of<br>preparing copies.32-15-07. Proceedings by civil action. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-08. Form of summons - When served. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-09. Service by publication. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-10. Copy of summons served through mails. Repealed by omission from thiscode.32-15-11. Service complete, when. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-12. When note of issue filed. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-13.Jury may be demanded.Whenever in an action brought under theprovisions of this chapter an issue is formed whereby it appears that the attendance of a jury will<br>be necessary to assess the damages in such action, the plaintiff therein may apply to the judge<br>of the district court where the same is pending for an order requiring a jury to be summoned to<br>assess the damages in such action. Thereupon the judge shall issue an order to the clerk of said<br>court requiring a jury to be summoned, and in such order shall specify the number of jurors to be<br>drawn, the place where they are to appear, and the time when they shall come, which shall be<br>not less than eight days nor more than thirty days from the date thereof.32-15-14. When sheriff's fees to be advanced by plaintiff - Surety for jury fees.Repealed by S.L. 1981, ch. 354,</div></article><aside class="right-sidebar"><div class="related-sidebar"><h3><span class="emoji">⚖️</span> State Laws</h3><ul class="state-laws-list"><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alabama">The State Laws of Alabama</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alaska">The State Laws of Alaska</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arizona">The State Laws of Arizona</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arkansas">The State Laws of Arkansas</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-california">The State Laws of California</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-colorado">The State Laws of Colorado</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-connecticut">The State Laws of Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-delaware">The State Laws of 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height:815px; text-align:center;\"\u003eLoading PDF...\u003c/div\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t32/pdf/t32c15.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $(\"#embed_document\"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('\u003cembed src=\"'+pdf_url+'\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\u003c/embed\u003e'); } else { embedwindow.html('\u003ciframe style=\"width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'\u0026embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e'); } });\u003c/script\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cnoframes\u003eCHAPTER 32-15EMINENT DOMAIN32-15-01.Eminent domain defined - How exercised - Condemnor defined -Exceptions.1.Eminent domain is the right to take private property for public use.2.Private property may not be taken or damaged for public use without just\u003cbr\u003ecompensation first having been made to or paid into court for the owner. When\u003cbr\u003eprivate property is taken by a person, no benefit to accrue from the proposed\u003cbr\u003eimprovement may be allowed in ascertaining the compensation to be made therefor.\u003cbr\u003ePrivate property may not be taken for the use of, or ownership by, any private\u003cbr\u003eindividual or entity, unless that property is necessary for conducting a common\u003cbr\u003ecarrier or utility business. A determination of the compensation must be made by a\u003cbr\u003ejury, unless a jury is waived. The right of eminent domain may be exercised in the\u003cbr\u003emanner provided in this chapter.3.Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a public use or a public purpose does not\u003cbr\u003einclude public benefits of economic development, including an increase in tax base,\u003cbr\u003etax revenues, employment, or general economic health.4.For the purpose of this chapter, \u0026quot;condemnor\u0026quot; means a person empowered to take\u003cbr\u003eproperty under the power of eminent domain.32-15-02. Purposes for which exercised. Subject to the provisions of this chapter, theright of eminent domain may be exercised in behalf of the following public uses:1.All public uses authorized by the government of the United States.2.Public buildings and grounds for the use of the state and all other public uses\u003cbr\u003eauthorized by the legislative assembly of the state.3.Public buildings and grounds for the use of any county, city, park district, or school\u003cbr\u003edistrict; canals, aqueducts, flumes, ditches, or pipes for conducting water for the use\u003cbr\u003eof the inhabitants of any county or city, or for draining any county or city; raising the\u003cbr\u003ebanks of streams, removing obstructions therefrom, and widening, deepening, or\u003cbr\u003estraightening their channels; roads, streets, and alleys, and all other uses for the\u003cbr\u003ebenefit of any county, city, or park district, or the inhabitants thereof, which may be\u003cbr\u003eauthorized by the legislative assembly, but the mode of apportioning and collecting\u003cbr\u003ethe costs of such improvement shall be such as may be provided in the statutes by\u003cbr\u003ewhich the same may be authorized.4.Wharves, docks, piers, chutes, booms, ferries, bridges, toll roads, byroads, plank\u003cbr\u003eand turnpike roads, railroads and street railways, electric light plants and power\u003cbr\u003etransmission lines and canals, ditches, flumes, aqueducts, and pipes for public\u003cbr\u003etransportation, supplying mines, and irrigating, draining, and reclaiming lands.5.Roads, tunnels, ditches, flumes, pipes, and dumping places for working mines,\u003cbr\u003eoutlets, natural or otherwise, for the flow, deposit, or conduct of the tailings or refuse\u003cbr\u003efrom mines and mill dams.6.Byroads leading from highways to residences and farms.7.Telegraph and telephone lines.Page No. 18.Sewage disposal of any city, or of any settlement consisting of not less than ten\u003cbr\u003efamilies, or of any public buildings belonging to the state, or of any college or\u003cbr\u003euniversity.9.Cemeteries and public parks.10.Oil, gas, coal, and carbon dioxide pipelines and works and plants for supplying or\u003cbr\u003econducting gas, oil, coal, carbon dioxide, heat, refrigeration, or power for the use of\u003cbr\u003eany county, city, or the inhabitants thereof, together with lands, buildings, and all\u003cbr\u003eother improvements in or upon which to erect, install, place, maintain, use, or\u003cbr\u003eoperate pumps, stations, tanks, and other machinery or apparatus, and buildings,\u003cbr\u003eworks, and plants for the purpose of generating, refining, regulating, compressing,\u003cbr\u003etransmitting, or distributing the same, or necessary for the proper development and\u003cbr\u003econtrol of such gas, oil, coal, carbon dioxide, heat, refrigeration, or power, either at\u003cbr\u003ethe time of the taking of said property or for the future proper development and\u003cbr\u003econtrol thereof.11.Lands sought to be acquired by the state or any duly authorized and designated\u003cbr\u003estate official or board, which lands necessarily must be flooded in widening or raising\u003cbr\u003ethe waters of any body or stream of navigable or public water in the state of North\u003cbr\u003eDakota.32-15-03. What estate subject to be taken. The following is a classification of theestates and rights in lands subject to be taken for public use:1.A fee simple, when taken for public buildings or grounds, for permanent buildings,\u003cbr\u003efor reservoirs and dams and permanent flooding occasioned thereby, for an outlet\u003cbr\u003efor a flow or a place for the deposit of debris or tailings of a mine, or for the\u003cbr\u003econstruction of parking lots and facilities for motor vehicles.2.An easement, when taken for highway purposes or for any other use except, upon a\u003cbr\u003eproper allegation of the need therefor, the court shall have the power to order that a\u003cbr\u003efee simple be taken for such other use.3.The right of entry upon and occupation of lands and the right to take therefrom such\u003cbr\u003eearth, gravel, stones, trees, and timber as may be necessary for a public use.However, the provisions of this section shall not authorize the state or any political subdivision\u003cbr\u003ethereof to obtain any rights or interest in or to the oil, gas, or fluid minerals on or underlying any\u003cbr\u003eestate or right in lands subject to be taken for a public use.32-15-03.1. Declaration of legislative intent. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-03.2. Termination of estates greater than an easement. No transfer to thestate of North Dakota or any of its political subdivisions of property for highway purposes shall be\u003cbr\u003edeemed to include any interest greater than an easement, and where any greater estate shall\u003cbr\u003ehave been so transferred, the same is hereby reconveyed to the owner from which such land\u003cbr\u003ewas originally taken, or to the heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns of such owner. Such\u003cbr\u003ereconveyance shall be subject to any existing contracts or agreements covering such property,\u003cbr\u003eand all rights and benefits thereof shall accrue to the grantee.32-15-04. What property may be taken. The private property which may be takenunder this chapter includes:1.All real property belonging to any person.2.Lands belonging to this state or to any county, city, or park district, not appropriated\u003cbr\u003eto some public use.Page No. 23.Property appropriated to public use, but such property shall not be taken unless for a\u003cbr\u003emore necessary public use than that to which it has been appropriated already, and\u003cbr\u003euse by a public corporation shall be deemed a more necessary public use than use\u003cbr\u003efor the same purpose by a private corporation or limited liability company, and\u003cbr\u003ewhenever a right of way shall have been taken and the person, firm, corporation, or\u003cbr\u003elimited liability company taking such right of way shall fail or neglect for five years to\u003cbr\u003euse the same for the purpose to which it had been appropriated, the attempt by\u003cbr\u003eanother person, firm, corporation, or limited liability company to appropriate such\u003cbr\u003eright of way shall be considered a more necessary public use.4.Franchises for toll roads, toll bridges, ferries, and all other franchises, but such\u003cbr\u003efranchises shall not be taken unless for free highways, railroads, or other more\u003cbr\u003enecessary public use.5.Any system of waterworks, electric light and power plant, wells, reservoirs, pipelines,\u003cbr\u003emachinery, franchises, and all other property of any character whatsoever\u003cbr\u003ecomprising a waterworks system or an electric light and power system.6.All rights of way for any and all the purposes mentioned in section 32-15-02 and any\u003cbr\u003eand all structures and improvements thereon, and the lands held or used in\u003cbr\u003econnection therewith, shall be subject to be connected with, crossed, or intersected\u003cbr\u003eby any other right of way or improvement or structure thereon. They also shall be\u003cbr\u003esubject to a limited use in common with the owner thereof when necessary, but such\u003cbr\u003euses, crossings, intersections, and connections shall be made in the manner most\u003cbr\u003ecompatible with the greatest public benefit and the least private injury.7.All classes of private property not enumerated may be taken for public use when\u003cbr\u003esuch taking is authorized by law.32-15-05. What must appear before property taken. Before property can be taken itmust appear:1.That the use to which it is to be applied is a use authorized by law.2.That the taking is necessary to such use.3.If already appropriated to some public use, that the public use to which it is to be\u003cbr\u003eapplied is a more necessary public use.32-15-06. Entry for making surveys. In all cases when land is required for public use,the person or corporation, or the person's or corporation's agents, in charge of such use may\u003cbr\u003esurvey and locate the same, but it must be located in the manner which will be compatible with\u003cbr\u003ethe greatest public benefit and the least private injury and subject to the provisions of section\u003cbr\u003e32-15-21.Whoever is in charge of such public use may enter upon the land and makeexaminations, surveys, and maps thereof, and such entry constitutes no claim for relief in favor of\u003cbr\u003ethe owner of the land except for injuries resulting from negligence, wantonness, or malice.32-15-06.1. Duty to negotiate - Just compensation - Appraisals.1.A condemnor shall make every reasonable and diligent effort to acquire property by\u003cbr\u003enegotiation.2.Before initiating negotiations for the purchase of property, the condemnor shall\u003cbr\u003eestablish an amount which it believes to be just compensation therefor and promptly\u003cbr\u003eshall submit to the owner an offer to acquire the property for the full amount so\u003cbr\u003eestablished. The amount shall not be less than the condemnor's approved appraisal\u003cbr\u003eor written statement and summary of just compensation for the property.Page No. 33.In establishing the amount believed to be just compensation, the condemnor shall\u003cbr\u003edisregard any decrease or increase in the fair market value of the property caused\u003cbr\u003eby the project for which the property is to be acquired or by the reasonable likelihood\u003cbr\u003ethat the property will be acquired for that project, other than a decrease due to\u003cbr\u003ephysical deterioration within the reasonable control of the owner.4.The condemnor shall provide the owner of the property with a written appraisal, if\u003cbr\u003eone has been prepared, or if one has not been prepared, with a written statement\u003cbr\u003eand summary, showing the basis for the amount it established as just compensation\u003cbr\u003efor the property. If appropriate, the compensation for the property to be acquired\u003cbr\u003eand for the damages to remaining property shall be separately stated.32-15-06.2.Disclosures.The condemnor, upon request, shall provide the propertyowner or the owner's representative with the names of at least ten neighboring property owners\u003cbr\u003eto whom offers are being made, or a list of all offerees if fewer than ten owners are affected. A\u003cbr\u003ecurrent and relevant map showing all neighboring property affected by a project shall also be\u003cbr\u003eprovided to the property owner. Upon request by an owner or the owner's representative, the\u003cbr\u003econdemnor shall provide the names of any other property owners within that county and adjacent\u003cbr\u003ecounties whose property may be taken for the project. The owner or the owner's representative\u003cbr\u003eshall have the right, upon request, to examine any maps in the possession of the condemnor\u003cbr\u003eshowing property affected by the project. The owner or the owner's representative may obtain\u003cbr\u003ecopies of such maps by tendering to the condemnor the reasonable and necessary costs of\u003cbr\u003epreparing copies.32-15-07. Proceedings by civil action. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-08. Form of summons - When served. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-09. Service by publication. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-10. Copy of summons served through mails. Repealed by omission from thiscode.32-15-11. Service complete, when. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-12. When note of issue filed. Repealed by omission from this code.32-15-13.Jury may be demanded.Whenever in an action brought under theprovisions of this chapter an issue is formed whereby it appears that the attendance of a jury will\u003cbr\u003ebe necessary to assess the damages in such action, the plaintiff therein may apply to the judge\u003cbr\u003eof the district court where the same is pending for an order requiring a jury to be summoned to\u003cbr\u003eassess the damages in such action. Thereupon the judge shall issue an order to the clerk of said\u003cbr\u003ecourt requiring a jury to be summoned, and in such order shall specify the number of jurors to be\u003cbr\u003edrawn, the place where they are to appear, and the time when they shall come, which shall be\u003cbr\u003enot less than eight days nor more than thirty days from the date thereof.32-15-14. 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