Download pdf
Loading PDF...


CHAPTER 32-03.2FAULT, DAMAGES, AND PAYMENTS32-03.2-01. Definition. As used in this chapter, &quot;fault&quot; includes acts or omissions thatare in any measure negligent or reckless toward the person or property of the actor or others, or<br>that subject a person to tort liability or dram shop liability. The term also includes strict liability for<br>product defect, breach of warranty, negligence or assumption of risk, misuse of a product for<br>which the defendant otherwise would be liable, and failure to exercise reasonable care to avoid<br>an injury or to mitigate damages. Legal requirements of causal relation apply both to fault as the<br>basis for liability and to contributory fault.32-03.2-02. Modified comparative fault. Contributory fault does not bar recovery in anaction by any person to recover damages for death or injury to person or property unless the fault<br>was as great as the combined fault of all other persons who contribute to the injury, but any<br>damages allowed must be diminished in proportion to the amount of contributing fault attributable<br>to the person recovering. The court may, and when requested by any party, shall direct the jury<br>to find separate special verdicts determining the amount of damages and the percentage of fault<br>attributable to each person, whether or not a party, who contributed to the injury. The court shall<br>then reduce the amount of such damages in proportion to the amount of fault attributable to the<br>person recovering. When two or more parties are found to have contributed to the injury, the<br>liability of each party is several only, and is not joint, and each party is liable only for the amount<br>of damages attributable to the percentage of fault of that party, except that any persons who act<br>in concert in committing a tortious act or aid or encourage the act, or ratifies or adopts the act for<br>their benefit, are jointly liable for all damages attributable to their combined percentage of fault.<br>Under this section, fault includes negligence, malpractice, absolute liability, dram shop liability,<br>failure to warn, reckless or willful conduct, assumption of risk, misuse of product, failure to avoid<br>injury, and product liability, including product liability involving negligence or strict liability or<br>breach of warranty for product defect.32-03.2-02.1.Automobile accident damage liability.Notwithstanding section32-03.2-02, in an action by any person to recover direct and indirect damages for injury to<br>property, the damages may not be diminished in proportion to the amount of contributing fault<br>attributable to the person recovering, or otherwise, if:1.The person seeking damages is seeking property damages resulting from a motor<br>vehicle accident in which two persons are at fault;2.The person seeking damages is seeking to recover direct physical property<br>damages of not more than five thousand dollars and indirect physical property<br>damages not to exceed one thousand dollars; and3.The percentage of fault of the person against whom recovery is sought is over fifty<br>percent.This section applies regardless as to whether the person seeking direct and indirect damages for<br>injury to property also seeks damages for personal injury, however, damages for personal injury<br>are not available under this section.32-03.2-03.Pure comparative fault - Product liability actions.Repealed byS.L. 1993, ch. 324,</div></article><aside class="right-sidebar"><div class="related-sidebar"><h3><span class="emoji">⚖️</span> State Laws</h3><ul class="state-laws-list"><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alabama">The State Laws of <!-- -->Alabama</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alaska">The State Laws of <!-- -->Alaska</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arizona">The State Laws of <!-- -->Arizona</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arkansas">The State Laws of <!-- -->Arkansas</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-california">The State Laws of <!-- -->California</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-colorado">The State Laws of <!-- -->Colorado</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-connecticut">The State Laws of <!-- -->Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-delaware">The State Laws of <!-- -->Delaware</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-florida">The State Laws of <!-- -->Florida</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-georgia">The State Laws of <!-- -->Georgia</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-hawaii">The State Laws of <!-- -->Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-idaho">The State Laws of <!-- -->Idaho</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-illinois">The State Laws of <!-- -->Illinois</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-indiana">The State Laws of <!-- -->Indiana</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-iowa">The State Laws of <!-- -->Iowa</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-kansas">The State Laws of <!-- -->Kansas</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-kentucky">The State Laws of <!-- -->Kentucky</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-louisiana">The State Laws of <!-- -->Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-maine">The State Laws of <!-- -->Maine</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-maryland">The State Laws of <!-- -->Maryland</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-massachusetts">The State Laws of <!-- -->Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-michigan">The State Laws of <!-- -->Michigan</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-minnesota">The State Laws of <!-- -->Minnesota</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-mississippi">The State Laws of <!-- -->Mississippi</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-missouri">The State Laws of <!-- -->Missouri</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-montana">The State Laws of <!-- -->Montana</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-nebraska">The State Laws of <!-- -->Nebraska</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-nevada">The State Laws of <!-- -->Nevada</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-hampshire">The State Laws of <!-- -->New Hampshire</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-jersey">The State Laws of <!-- -->New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-mexico">The State Laws of <!-- -->New Mexico</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-york">The State Laws of <!-- -->New York</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-north-carolina">The State Laws of <!-- -->North Carolina</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-north-dakota">The State Laws of <!-- -->North Dakota</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-ohio">The State Laws of <!-- -->Ohio</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-oklahoma">The State Laws of <!-- -->Oklahoma</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-oregon">The State Laws of <!-- -->Oregon</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-pennsylvania">The State Laws of <!-- -->Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-rhode-island">The State Laws of <!-- -->Rhode Island</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-south-carolina">The State Laws of <!-- -->South Carolina</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-south-dakota">The State Laws of <!-- -->South Dakota</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-tennessee">The State Laws of <!-- -->Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-texas">The State Laws of <!-- -->Texas</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-utah">The State Laws of <!-- -->Utah</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-vermont">The State Laws of <!-- -->Vermont</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-virginia">The State Laws of <!-- -->Virginia</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-washington">The State Laws of <!-- -->Washington</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-west-virginia">The State Laws of <!-- -->West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-wisconsin">The State Laws of <!-- -->Wisconsin</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-wyoming">The State Laws of <!-- -->Wyoming</a></li></ul></div></aside></div></section><!--$--><!--/$--><footer class="footer"></footer><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2a2449c32e1f321b.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR" id="_R_" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:\"$Sreact.fragment\"\n2:I[39756,[\"/_next/static/chunks/ff1a16fafef87110.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/d2be314c3ece3fbe.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"default\"]\n3:I[37457,[\"/_next/static/chunks/ff1a16fafef87110.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/d2be314c3ece3fbe.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"default\"]\n4:I[79520,[\"/_next/static/chunks/744355e03808d4c7.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"\"]\n6:I[97367,[\"/_next/static/chunks/ff1a16fafef87110.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/d2be314c3ece3fbe.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"OutletBoundary\"]\n7:\"$Sreact.suspense\"\n9:I[97367,[\"/_next/static/chunks/ff1a16fafef87110.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/d2be314c3ece3fbe.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"ViewportBoundary\"]\nb:I[97367,[\"/_next/static/chunks/ff1a16fafef87110.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/d2be314c3ece3fbe.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"MetadataBoundary\"]\nd:I[68027,[\"/_next/static/chunks/ff1a16fafef87110.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/d2be314c3ece3fbe.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"default\"]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=SF+Pro+Display:wght@300;400;500;600;700\u0026display=swap\",\"style\"]\n:HL[\"/includes/statutes-pages.css?v=2\",\"style\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"0:{\"P\":null,\"b\":\"QO7shand-zMNSFf865LMc\",\"c\":[\"\",\"north-dakota\",\"t-32\",\"t-32-c-32\",\"\"],\"q\":\"\",\"i\":false,\"f\":[[[\"\",{\"children\":[[\"state\",\"north-dakota\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[[\"slug\",\"t-32/t-32-c-32\",\"c\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/_next/static/chunks/744355e03808d4c7.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"charSet\":\"UTF-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.googleapis.com\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.gstatic.com\",\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"href\":\"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=SF+Pro+Display:wght@300;400;500;600;700\u0026display=swap\",\"rel\":\"stylesheet\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/includes/statutes-pages.css?v=2\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"header\"}],[\"$\",\"$L2\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[[[\"$\",\"title\",null,{\"children\":\"404: This page could not be found.\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"style\":{\"fontFamily\":\"system-ui,\\\"Segoe UI\\\",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,\\\"Apple Color Emoji\\\",\\\"Segoe UI Emoji\\\"\",\"height\":\"100vh\",\"textAlign\":\"center\",\"display\":\"flex\",\"flexDirection\":\"column\",\"alignItems\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"style\",null,{\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"body{color:#000;background:#fff;margin:0}.next-error-h1{border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.3)}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{color:#fff;background:#000}.next-error-h1{border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3)}}\"}}],[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"next-error-h1\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"inline-block\",\"margin\":\"0 20px 0 0\",\"padding\":\"0 23px 0 0\",\"fontSize\":24,\"fontWeight\":500,\"verticalAlign\":\"top\",\"lineHeight\":\"49px\"},\"children\":404}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"style\":{\"display\":\"inline-block\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"style\":{\"fontSize\":14,\"fontWeight\":400,\"lineHeight\":\"49px\",\"margin\":0},\"children\":\"This page could not be found.\"}]}]]}]}]],[]],\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"footer\",null,{\"className\":\"footer\"}],[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{\"src\":\"/includes/statutes-inject.js?v=1\",\"strategy\":\"afterInteractive\"}]]}]]}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L2\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L2\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[\"$L5\",[[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/_next/static/chunks/7c92e96509cd355e.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$7\",null,{\"name\":\"Next.MetadataOutlet\",\"children\":\"$@8\"}]}]]}],{},null,false,false]},null,false,false]},null,false,false]},null,false,false],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"h\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{\"children\":\"$La\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"hidden\":true,\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lb\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$7\",null,{\"name\":\"Next.Metadata\",\"children\":\"$Lc\"}]}]}],null]}],false]],\"m\":\"$undefined\",\"G\":[\"$d\",[]],\"S\":false}\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}]]\n8:null\nc:[[\"$\",\"title\",\"0\",{\"children\":\"T-32-C-32 - North Dakota Statutes - LAWS.com\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"T-32-C-32 - North Dakota State Statutes and Laws\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"2\",{\"rel\":\"canonical\",\"href\":\"https://statutes.laws.com/north-dakota/t-32/t-32-c-32/\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:I[22016,[\"/_next/static/chunks/744355e03808d4c7.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\",\"/_next/static/chunks/7c92e96509cd355e.js?dpl=dpl_AQPhqj6aLt1ver5KqnebmCuHPZxR\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:[[\"$\",\"nav\",null,{\"className\":\"breadcrumb\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"breadcrumb-list\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://laws.com/\",\"children\":\"LAWS\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"className\":\"breadcrumb-separator\",\"children\":\"\u003e\"}],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/\",\"children\":\"STATUTES\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"className\":\"breadcrumb-separator\",\"children\":\"\u003e\"}],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/\",\"children\":\"NORTH DAKOTA\"}]}],[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"className\":\"breadcrumb-separator\",\"children\":\"\u003e\"}],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-32/\",\"children\":\"T-32\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"1\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"className\":\"breadcrumb-separator\",\"children\":\"\u003e\"}],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":\"T-32-C-32\"}]}]]}]]]}]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"article-section\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"article-grid\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"aside\",null,{\"className\":\"sidebar-nav\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"sidebar-card\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"emoji\",\"children\":\"📚\"}],\" \",\"North Dakota\",\" Statutes\"]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"toc-list\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"859214\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-1/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 1 General Provisions\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859232\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-2/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 2 Aeronautics\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859252\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-3/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 3 Agency\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859265\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-4/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 4 Agriculture\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859448\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-5/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 5 Alcoholic Beverages\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859458\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-6/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 6 Banks and Banking\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859532\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/cct-7/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 7 Building and Loan Associations\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859534\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-8/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 8 Carriage\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859570\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-9/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 9 Contracts and Obligations\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859609\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-10/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 10 Corporations\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859704\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-11/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 11 Counties\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"859802\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-12/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 12 Corrections, Parole, and Probation\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860058\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-13/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 13 Debtor and Creditor Relationship\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860088\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-14/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 14 Domestic Relations and Persons\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860181\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-15/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 15 Education\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860479\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-16/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 16 Elections\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860581\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-17/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 17 Energy\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860600\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-18/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 18 Fires\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860633\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-19/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 19 Foods, Drugs, Oils, and Compounds\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860709\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/cct-20/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 20 Game, Fish, and Predators\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860747\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-21/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 21 Governmental Finance\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860779\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-22/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 22 Guaranty, Indemnity, and Suretyship\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860800\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-23/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 23 Health and Safety\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"860968\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-24/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 24 Highways, Bridges, and Ferries\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"861007\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-25/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 25 Mental and Physical Illness or Disability\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"861058\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/cct-26/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 26 Insurance\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"861267\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-27/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 27 Judicial Branch of Government\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"861335\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-28/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 28 Judicial Procedure, Civil\"}]}],\"$Lf\",\"$L10\",\"$L11\",\"$L12\",\"$L13\",\"$L14\",\"$L15\",\"$L16\",\"$L17\",\"$L18\",\"$L19\",\"$L1a\",\"$L1b\",\"$L1c\",\"$L1d\",\"$L1e\",\"$L1f\",\"$L20\",\"$L21\",\"$L22\",\"$L23\",\"$L24\",\"$L25\",\"$L26\",\"$L27\",\"$L28\",\"$L29\",\"$L2a\",\"$L2b\",\"$L2c\",\"$L2d\",\"$L2e\",\"$L2f\",\"$L30\",\"$L31\",\"$L32\",\"$L33\",\"$L34\",\"$L35\",\"$L36\",\"$L37\",\"$L38\",\"$L39\",\"$L3a\",\"$L3b\"]}]]}]}],\"$L3c\",\"$L3d\"]}]}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861417\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-29/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 29 Judicial Procedure, Criminal\"}]}]\n10:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861522\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-30/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 30 Judicial Procedure, Probate\"}]}]\n11:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861661\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-31/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 31 Judicial Proof\"}]}]\n12:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861694\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-32/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 32 Judicial Remedies\"}]}]\n13:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861823\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-33/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 33 County Justice Court\"}]}]\n14:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861847\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-34/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 34 Labor and Employment\"}]}]\n15:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861886\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-35/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 35 Liens\"}]}]\n16:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861967\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-36/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 36 Livestock\"}]}]\n17:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862032\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-37/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 37 Military\"}]}]\n18:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862098\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-38/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 38 Mining and Gas and Oil Production\"}]}]\n19:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862174\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-39/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 39 Motor Vehicles\"}]}]\n1a:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862279\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-40/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 40 Municipal Government\"}]}]\n1b:[\"$\",\"li\",\"859412\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-41/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 4.1 Agriculture\"}]}]\n1c:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862438\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-41/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 41 Uniform Commercial Code\"}]}]\n1d:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862465\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-42/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 42 Nuisances\"}]}]\n1e:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862485\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-43/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 43 Occupations and Professions\"}]}]\n1f:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862642\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-44/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 44 Offices and Officers\"}]}]\n20:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862667\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-45/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 45 Partnerships\"}]}]\n21:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862721\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-46/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 46 Printing Laws\"}]}]\n22:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862733\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-47/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 47 Property\"}]}]\n23:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862824\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-48/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 48 Public Buildings\"}]}]\n24:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862854\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-49/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 49 Public Utilities\"}]}]\n25:[\"$\",\"li\",\"862918\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-50/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 50 Public Welfare\"}]}]\n26:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863036\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-51/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 51 Sales and Exchanges\"}]}]\n27:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863101\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-52/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 52 Social Security\"}]}]\n28:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863135\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-53/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 53 Sports and Amusements\"}]}]\n29:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863182\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-54/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 54 State Government\"}]}]\n2a:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863420\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-55/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 55 State Historical Society and State Parks\"}]}]\n2b:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863439\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/cct-56/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 56 Succession and Wills\"}]}]\n2c:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863442\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-57/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 57 Taxation\"}]}]\n2d:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863663\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-58/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 58 Townships\"}]}]\n2e:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863706\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-59/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 59 Trusts\"}]}]\n2f:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863755\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-da"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"kota/t-60/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 60 Warehousing and Deposits\"}]}]\n30:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863775\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-61/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 61 Waters\"}]}]\n31:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863895\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/cct-62/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 62 Weapons\"}]}]\n32:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863910\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-63/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 63 Weeds\"}]}]\n33:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863924\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-64/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 64 Weights, Measures, and Grades\"}]}]\n34:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863933\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-65/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 65 Workforce Safety and Insurance\"}]}]\n35:[\"$\",\"li\",\"859952\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-121/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 12.1 Criminal Code\"}]}]\n36:[\"$\",\"li\",\"860400\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-151/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 15.1 Elementary and Secondary Education\"}]}]\n37:[\"$\",\"li\",\"860536\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-161/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 16.1 Elections\"}]}]\n38:[\"$\",\"li\",\"860710\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-201/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 20.1 Game, Fish, Predators, and Boating\"}]}]\n39:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861060\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-261/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 26.1 Insurance\"}]}]\n3a:[\"$\",\"li\",\"861578\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-301/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 30.1 Uniform Probate Code\"}]}]\n3b:[\"$\",\"li\",\"863897\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/t-621/\",\"children\":\"Chapter 62.1 Weapons\"}]}]\n3e:T1026,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t32/pdf/t32c032.pdf\"\u003eDownload pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"embed_document\" style=\"width:625px; height:815px; text-align:center;\"\u003eLoading PDF...\u003c/div\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t32/pdf/t32c032.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $(\"#embed_document\"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('\u003cembed src=\"'+pdf_url+'\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\u003c/embed\u003e'); } else { embedwindow.html('\u003ciframe style=\"width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'\u0026embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e'); } });\u003c/script\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cnoframes\u003eCHAPTER 32-03.2FAULT, DAMAGES, AND PAYMENTS32-03.2-01. Definition. As used in this chapter, \u0026quot;fault\u0026quot; includes acts or omissions thatare in any measure negligent or reckless toward the person or property of the actor or others, or\u003cbr\u003ethat subject a person to tort liability or dram shop liability. The term also includes strict liability for\u003cbr\u003eproduct defect, breach of warranty, negligence or assumption of risk, misuse of a product for\u003cbr\u003ewhich the defendant otherwise would be liable, and failure to exercise reasonable care to avoid\u003cbr\u003ean injury or to mitigate damages. Legal requirements of causal relation apply both to fault as the\u003cbr\u003ebasis for liability and to contributory fault.32-03.2-02. Modified comparative fault. Contributory fault does not bar recovery in anaction by any person to recover damages for death or injury to person or property unless the fault\u003cbr\u003ewas as great as the combined fault of all other persons who contribute to the injury, but any\u003cbr\u003edamages allowed must be diminished in proportion to the amount of contributing fault attributable\u003cbr\u003eto the person recovering. The court may, and when requested by any party, shall direct the jury\u003cbr\u003eto find separate special verdicts determining the amount of damages and the percentage of fault\u003cbr\u003eattributable to each person, whether or not a party, who contributed to the injury. The court shall\u003cbr\u003ethen reduce the amount of such damages in proportion to the amount of fault attributable to the\u003cbr\u003eperson recovering. When two or more parties are found to have contributed to the injury, the\u003cbr\u003eliability of each party is several only, and is not joint, and each party is liable only for the amount\u003cbr\u003eof damages attributable to the percentage of fault of that party, except that any persons who act\u003cbr\u003ein concert in committing a tortious act or aid or encourage the act, or ratifies or adopts the act for\u003cbr\u003etheir benefit, are jointly liable for all damages attributable to their combined percentage of fault.\u003cbr\u003eUnder this section, fault includes negligence, malpractice, absolute liability, dram shop liability,\u003cbr\u003efailure to warn, reckless or willful conduct, assumption of risk, misuse of product, failure to avoid\u003cbr\u003einjury, and product liability, including product liability involving negligence or strict liability or\u003cbr\u003ebreach of warranty for product defect.32-03.2-02.1.Automobile accident damage liability.Notwithstanding section32-03.2-02, in an action by any person to recover direct and indirect damages for injury to\u003cbr\u003eproperty, the damages may not be diminished in proportion to the amount of contributing fault\u003cbr\u003eattributable to the person recovering, or otherwise, if:1.The person seeking damages is seeking property damages resulting from a motor\u003cbr\u003evehicle accident in which two persons are at fault;2.The person seeking damages is seeking to recover direct physical property\u003cbr\u003edamages of not more than five thousand dollars and indirect physical property\u003cbr\u003edamages not to exceed one thousand dollars; and3.The percentage of fault of the person against whom recovery is sought is over fifty\u003cbr\u003epercent.This section applies regardless as to whether the person seeking direct and indirect damages for\u003cbr\u003einjury to property also seeks damages for personal injury, however, damages for personal injury\u003cbr\u003eare not available under this section.32-03.2-03.Pure comparative fault - Product liability actions.Repealed byS.L. 1993, ch. 324,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:[\"$\",\"article\",null,{\"className\":\"article-content\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"article-header\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/\",\"className\":\"article-category\",\"children\":[\"North Dakota\",\" Statutes\"]}],[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"article-title\",\"children\":\"32-03.2 Fault, Damages, and Payments\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"article-body statute-content\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$3e\"}}],false]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:[\"$\",\"aside\",null,{\"className\":\"right-sidebar\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"related-sidebar\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"emoji\",\"children\":\"⚖️\"}],\" State Laws\"]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"state-laws-list\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-alabama\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alabama\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Alabama\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-alaska\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alaska\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Alaska\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-arizona\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arizona\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Arizona\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-arkansas\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arkansas\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Arkansas\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-california\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-california\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"California\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-colorado\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-colorado\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Colorado\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-connecticut\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-connecticut\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Connecticut\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-delaware\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-delaware\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Delaware\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-florida\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-florida\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Florida\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-georgia\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-georgia\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Georgia\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-hawaii\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-hawaii\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Hawaii\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-idaho\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-idaho\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Idaho\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-illinois\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-illinois\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Illinois\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-indiana\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-indiana\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Indiana\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-iowa\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-iowa\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Iowa\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-kansas\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-kansas\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Kansas\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-kentucky\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-kentucky\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Kentucky\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-louisiana\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-louisiana\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Louisiana\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-maine\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-maine\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Maine\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-maryland\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-maryland\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Maryland\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-massachusetts\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-massachusetts\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Massachusetts\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-michigan\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-michigan\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Michigan\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-minnesota\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-minnesota\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Minnesota\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-mississippi\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-mississippi\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Mississippi\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-missouri\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-missouri\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Missouri\"]}]}],\"$L3f\",\"$L40\",\"$L41\",\"$L42\",\"$L43\",\"$L44\",\"$L45\",\"$L46\",\"$L47\",\"$L48\",\"$L49\",\"$L4a\",\"$L4b\",\"$L4c\",\"$L4d\",\"$L4e\",\"$L4f\",\"$L50\",\"$L51\",\"$L52\",\"$L53\",\"$L54\",\"$L55\",\"$L56\",\"$L57\"]}]]}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-montana\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-montana\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Montana\"]}]}]\n40:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-nebraska\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-nebraska\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Nebraska\"]}]}]\n41:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-nevada\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-nevada\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Nevada\"]}]}]\n42:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-new-hampshire\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-hampshire\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"New Hampshire\"]}]}]\n43:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-new-jersey\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-jersey\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"New Jersey\"]}]}]\n44:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-new-mexico\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-mexico\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"New Mexico\"]}]}]\n45:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-new-york\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-new-york\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"New York\"]}]}]\n46:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-north-carolina\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-north-carolina\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"North Carolina\"]}]}]\n47:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-north-dakota\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-north-dakota\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"North Dakota\"]}]}]\n48:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-ohio\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-ohio\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Ohio\"]}]}]\n49:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-oklahoma\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-oklahoma\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Oklahoma\"]}]}]\n4a:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-oregon\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-oregon\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Oregon\"]}]}]\n4b:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-pennsylvania\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-pennsylvania\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Pennsylvania\"]}]}]\n4c:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-rhode-island\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-rhode-island\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Rhode Island\"]}]}]\n4d:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-south-carolina\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-south-carolina\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"South Carolina\"]}]}]\n4e:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-south-dakota\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-south-dakota\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"South Dakota\"]}]}]\n4f:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-tennessee\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-tennessee\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Tennessee\"]}]}]\n50:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-texas\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-texas\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Texas\"]}]}]\n51:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-utah\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-utah\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Utah\"]}]}]\n52:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-vermont\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-vermont\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Vermont\"]}]}]\n53:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-virginia\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-virginia\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Virginia\"]}]}]\n54:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-washington\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-washington\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Washington\"]}]}]\n55:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-west-virginia\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-west-virginia\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"West Virginia\"]}]}]\n56:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-wisconsin\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-wisconsin\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Wisconsin\"]}]}]\n57:[\"$\",\"li\",\"state-of-wyoming\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https:"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"//state-laws.laws.com/state-of-wyoming\",\"children\":[\"The State Laws of \",\"Wyoming\"]}]}]\n"])</script></body></html>