9-07 Interpretation of Contract

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CHAPTER 9-07INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT9-07-01.Public and private contracts interpreted by same rules.All contracts,whether public or private, are to be interpreted by the same rules, except as otherwise provided<br>by the laws of this state.9-07-02. Language of contract governs if clear. The language of a contract is togovern its interpretation if the language is clear and explicit and does not involve an absurdity.9-07-03. Contract interpreted to give effect to mutual intention. A contract must beso interpreted as to give effect to the mutual intention of the parties as it existed at the time of<br>contracting so far as the same is ascertainable and lawful. For the purpose of ascertaining the<br>intention of the parties to a contract, if otherwise doubtful, the rules given in this chapter are to be<br>applied.9-07-04. Intention ascertained from writing alone if possible. When a contract isreduced to writing, the intention of the parties is to be ascertained from the writing alone if<br>possible, subject, however, to the other provisions of this chapter.9-07-05. Real intention to govern in cases of fraud, mistake, or accident. Whenthrough fraud, mistake, or accident a written contract fails to express the real intention of the<br>parties, such intention is to be regarded and the erroneous parts of the writing disregarded.9-07-06. Contract interpreted as a whole. The whole of a contract is to be takentogether so as to give effect to every part if reasonably practicable. Each clause is to help<br>interpret the others.9-07-07. Several contracts part of one transaction interpreted together. Severalcontracts relating to the same matters between the same parties and made as parts of<br>substantially one transaction are to be taken together.9-07-08.Contract interpreted so it may be carried into effect.A contract mustreceive such an interpretation as will make it lawful, operative, definite, reasonable, and capable<br>of being carried into effect, if it can be done without violating the intention of the parties.9-07-09. Words to be interpreted in ordinary sense. The words of a contract are to beunderstood in their ordinary and popular sense rather than according to their strict legal meaning,<br>unless used by the parties in a technical sense, or unless a special meaning is given to them by<br>usage, in which case the latter must be followed.9-07-10. Interpretation of technical words. Technical words are to be interpreted asusually understood by persons in the profession or business to which they relate, unless clearly<br>used in a different sense.9-07-11. What law governs. Repealed by S.L. 1973, ch. 77,</div></article><aside class="right-sidebar"><div class="related-sidebar"><h3><span class="emoji">⚖️</span> State Laws</h3><ul class="state-laws-list"><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alabama">The State Laws of Alabama</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-alaska">The State Laws of Alaska</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arizona">The State Laws of Arizona</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-arkansas">The State Laws of Arkansas</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-california">The State Laws of California</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-colorado">The State Laws of Colorado</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-connecticut">The State Laws of Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="https://state-laws.laws.com/state-of-delaware">The State Laws of Delaware</a></li><li><a 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height:815px; text-align:center;\"\u003eLoading PDF...\u003c/div\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e var pdf_url = 'https://law.justia.com/codes/north-dakota/2009/t09/pdf/t09c07.pdf'; $(document).ready(function() { var embedwindow = $(\"#embed_document\"); if ($.browser.msie){ embedwindow.html('\u003cembed src=\"'+pdf_url+'\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\u003c/embed\u003e'); } else { embedwindow.html('\u003ciframe style=\"width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url='+window.escape(pdf_url)+'\u0026embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e'); } });\u003c/script\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cnoframes\u003eCHAPTER 9-07INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT9-07-01.Public and private contracts interpreted by same rules.All contracts,whether public or private, are to be interpreted by the same rules, except as otherwise provided\u003cbr\u003eby the laws of this state.9-07-02. Language of contract governs if clear. The language of a contract is togovern its interpretation if the language is clear and explicit and does not involve an absurdity.9-07-03. Contract interpreted to give effect to mutual intention. A contract must beso interpreted as to give effect to the mutual intention of the parties as it existed at the time of\u003cbr\u003econtracting so far as the same is ascertainable and lawful. For the purpose of ascertaining the\u003cbr\u003eintention of the parties to a contract, if otherwise doubtful, the rules given in this chapter are to be\u003cbr\u003eapplied.9-07-04. Intention ascertained from writing alone if possible. When a contract isreduced to writing, the intention of the parties is to be ascertained from the writing alone if\u003cbr\u003epossible, subject, however, to the other provisions of this chapter.9-07-05. Real intention to govern in cases of fraud, mistake, or accident. Whenthrough fraud, mistake, or accident a written contract fails to express the real intention of the\u003cbr\u003eparties, such intention is to be regarded and the erroneous parts of the writing disregarded.9-07-06. Contract interpreted as a whole. The whole of a contract is to be takentogether so as to give effect to every part if reasonably practicable. Each clause is to help\u003cbr\u003einterpret the others.9-07-07. Several contracts part of one transaction interpreted together. Severalcontracts relating to the same matters between the same parties and made as parts of\u003cbr\u003esubstantially one transaction are to be taken together.9-07-08.Contract interpreted so it may be carried into effect.A contract mustreceive such an interpretation as will make it lawful, operative, definite, reasonable, and capable\u003cbr\u003eof being carried into effect, if it can be done without violating the intention of the parties.9-07-09. Words to be interpreted in ordinary sense. The words of a contract are to beunderstood in their ordinary and popular sense rather than according to their strict legal meaning,\u003cbr\u003eunless used by the parties in a technical sense, or unless a special meaning is given to them by\u003cbr\u003eusage, in which case the latter must be followed.9-07-10. Interpretation of technical words. Technical words are to be interpreted asusually understood by persons in the profession or business to which they relate, unless clearly\u003cbr\u003eused in a different sense.9-07-11. What law governs. Repealed by S.L. 1973, ch. 77,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:[\"$\",\"article\",null,{\"className\":\"article-content\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"article-header\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"href\":\"/north-dakota/\",\"className\":\"article-category\",\"children\":[\"North Dakota\",\" Statutes\"]}],[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"article-title\",\"children\":\"9-07 Interpretation of Contract\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"article-body statute-content\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$3e\"}}],false]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:[\"$\",\"aside\",null,{\"className\":\"right-sidebar\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"related-sidebar\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"emoji\",\"children\":\"⚖️\"}],\" State 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